Food-Grade Chemicals for Use in Designing Food Preservative Systems

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 633-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
JON J. KABARA
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Sorbic Acid ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Biocidal Activity ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
The Common

Now that energy has become a world problem, cheap, effective chemical preservation is critical. This discussion forwards a new concept in food preservation. The concept is based on a ‘systems’ approach, using three common foodstuffs: monolaurin, food-grade phenolics and chelator, three multifunctional food materials, whose history as potential preservatives is reviewed. Although monolaurin (Lauricidin) is a Generally Recognized As Safe chemical, its use as part of a ‘preservative system’ is new. Comparisons of its germicidal activity by investigators have shown it to be more effective than proprionates, benzoates and even sorbic acid. The common antioxidants, tert-butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) or tert-butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) have been shown since 1967 to affect a number of different microorganisms, including viruses. The chelator ethylenediamineacetate (EDT A) has weak biocidal activity on its own but can potentiate the effect of the first two biocidal agents, particularly against gram-negative bacteria. The three common food chemicals therefore become part of a ‘preservative system’. The amount and ratio of one to the other is determined by the specific need for microbiological protection.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA ON MEDIA CONTAINING VARIOUS ANILIN DYES

1914 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Krumwiede ◽  
Josephine S. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Gentian Violet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Specific Difference ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
The Common ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Gentian violet and allied anilin dyes have a similar influence on bacterial growth, dividing bacteria into two groups corresponding in general to their reaction to the Gram stain. Among Gram-negative bacteria a strain is occasionally encountered which will not grow on violet agar, differentiating it from other members of the same species or variety. The reaction is quantitative, although the quantitative character is more marked with some species than with others. The streptococcus-pneumococcus group differ from other Gram-positive bacteria in their ability to grow in the presence of amounts of dye sufficient to inhibit the other species. The dysentery bacillus group shows marked variation in the presence of dyes. In the case of fuchsin the variation approaches closely a specific difference between the dysentery and paradysentery groups. The variations of the latter groups with other dyes show no correlation with the common differential characteristics. A closer study might reveal variations in other characteristics which would parallel the different reactions to dyes. Decolorization with sodium sulphite robs the dyes of some of their inhibitive powers.

Disinfection of Fruits with Activated Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1864-1872
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Lower Effect

The effect of ionized aqueous solutions (anolytes and catholyte) in the processing of fruits (cherries, morellos, and strawberries) for decontamination has been tested. Freshly prepared analytes and catholyte without the addition of salts were used, as well as stored for 7 months anolytes, prepared with 0.5% NaCl and a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3. The anolyte prepared with a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3, as well as the anolyte obtained with 0.5% NaCl, exhibit high antimicrobial activity against the surface microflora of strawberries, cherries, and sour cherries. They inactivate E. coli for 15 minutes. The other species of the fam. Enterobacteriaceae were also affected to the maximum extent, as is the total number of microorganisms, especially in cherries and sour cherries. Even stored for 7 months, they largely retain their antimicrobial properties. Anolyte and catholyte, obtained without the addition of salts, showed a lower effect on the total number of microorganisms, but had a significant effect on Gram-negative bacteria, and especially with regard to the sanitary indicative E. coli.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of DW-224a, a New Fluoronaphthyridone

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2261-2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Soo Park ◽  
Hyun-Joo Kim ◽  
Min-Jung Seol ◽  
Dong-Rack Choi ◽  
Eung-Chil Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

ABSTRACT DW-224a showed the most potent in vitro activity among the quinolone compounds tested against clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria. Against gram-negative bacteria, DW-224a was slightly less active than the other fluoroquinolones. The in vivo activities of DW-224a against gram-positive bacteria were more potent than those of other quinolones.

Inactivation of Salmonella Species and Other Food-Borne Pathogens with Salmide®, a Sodium Chlorite–Based Oxyhalogen Disinfectant†

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAIME MULLERAT ◽  
BRIAN W. SHELDON ◽  
N. ARLENE KLAPES
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disodium Edta ◽  
Biocidal Activity ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Salmonella Hadar

The biocidal activity of Salmide®, a sodium chlorite–based oxyhalogen disinfectant, was tested alone or in combination with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) or trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4) against nine Salmonella spp. (choleraesuis, enteritidis, hadar, heidelberg, infantis, montevideo, indiana, typhimurium, worthington) and other selected gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). After a 15-min exposure to 10 mM Salmide® in distilled deionized water at 37°C, a 2.5-to 6.6-log-cycle reduction in population was observed for all of the 16 strains tested, with the exception of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111, which appeared to be resistant (<1-log-cycle reduction). When Salmonella hadar was simultaneously exposed to 10 mM Salmide® and 5 or 10 mM disodium EDTA at 37°C for 4 min, the biocidal activity of Salmide® was enhanced twofold (6-log-cycle reduction) compared to that observed with 10 mM Salmide® alone. Treatment with 10 mM disodium EDTA alone produced no significant inactivation <1-log-cycle reduction). Exposure of Salmonella hadar to 55 mM Na3PO4 alone or in combination with 10 mM Salmide® yielded a greater than 6-log-cycle reduction, whereas treatment with 10 mM Salmide® alone yielded a4.1-log-cycle reduction. The presence of protein (as bovine serum albumin) in treatments containing Salmide® significantly reduced the biocidal activity. These results demonstrate that Salmide® has a rapid and concentration-dependent biocidal activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative food-borne bacterial pathogens and spoilage organisms.

scholarly journals Phospholipid distribution in the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is highly asymmetric, dynamic, and cell shape-dependent

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. eaaz6333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Bogdanov ◽  
Kyrylo Pyrshev ◽  
Semen Yesylevskyy ◽  
Sergey Ryabichko ◽  
Vitalii Boiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phospholipid Distribution

The distribution of phospholipids across the inner membrane (IM) of Gram-negative bacteria is unknown. We demonstrate that the IMs of Escherichia coli and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are asymmetric, with a 75%/25% (cytoplasmic/periplasmic leaflet) distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in rod-shaped cells and an opposite distribution in E. coli filamentous cells. In initially filamentous PE-lacking E. coli cells, nascent PE appears first in the periplasmic leaflet. As the total PE content increases from nearly zero to 75%, cells progressively adopt a rod shape and PE appears in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the IM. The redistribution of PE influences the distribution of the other lipids between the leaflets. This correlates with the tendency of PE and cardiolipin to regulate antagonistically lipid order of the bilayer. The results suggest that PE asymmetry is metabolically controlled to balance temporally the net rates of synthesis and translocation, satisfy envelope growth capacity, and adjust bilayer chemical and physical properties.

Lipopolysaccharide: a tool and target in enterobacterial vaccine development

2008 ◽  
Vol 389 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Nagy ◽  
Tibor Pál
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Live Vaccine Strain ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Alternative Approaches

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an essential component of Gram-negative bacteria. While mutants exhibiting truncated LPS molecules are usually over-attenuated, alternative approaches that affect the extent or timing of LPS expression, as well as its modification may establish the optimal balance for a live vaccine strain of sufficient attenuation and retained immunogenicity. On the other hand, a specific immune response to LPS molecules in itself is capable of conferring protective immunity to certain enterobacterial pathogens. Therefore, purified LPS derivatives could be used as parenteral vaccines. This review summarizes various LPS-based vaccination strategies, as well as approaches that utilize LPS mutants as whole-cell vaccines.

scholarly journals Bacteria drug resistance profile affects knee and hip periprosthetic joint infection outcome with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Alves Rudelli ◽  
Pedro Nogueira Giglio ◽  
Vladimir Cordeiro Carvalho ◽  
Jose Ricardo Pecora ◽  
Henrique Melo Campos Gurgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Treatment Failure Rate ◽  
Drug Resistance Profile ◽  
Implant Retention

Abstract BACKGROUND: debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) with the exchange of modular components is the most widely used option for the treatment of acute periprosthetic joint infections. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of bacteria drug resistance profile on the success rates of DAIR. METHODS: All early acute periprosthetic infections in hip and knee arthroplasties treated with DAIR at our institution over the period from 2011 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The success rate was evaluated according to the type of organism identified in culture: multidrug-sensitive (MSB), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MRB) and according to other risk factors for treatment failure. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics.RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were analyzed; there were 37 in the multidrug-sensitive bacteria (MSB) group, 11 in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) group and 9 in the other multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MRB) group. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the treatment failure rate among the three groups: 8.3% for the MSB group, 18.2% for the MRSA group and 55.6% for the MRB group (p=0.005). Among the other risk factors for treatment failure, the presence of inflammatory arthritis presented a failure rate of 45.1 (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: DAIR showed a good success rate in cases of early acute infection by multidrug-sensitive bacteria. In the presence of infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria or association with rheumatic diseases the treatment failure rate was higher and other surgical options should be considered in this specific population. The MRSA group showed intermediate results between MSB and MRB and should be carefully evaluated.

Inhibition of Food-Borne Pathogens by T1, a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide as a Potential Food Preservative

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Tang ◽  
Yonghui Shi ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Gang Hao ◽  
Guowei Le
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
Recombinant Peptide ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Antimicrobial Mechanism ◽  
Potential Food

An efficient and convenient purifying procedure for recombinant peptide was established. Thereby, the aimed antimicrobial peptide T1 containing the conservative sequences derived from cecropin was successfully expressed and purified. The composition of amino acid of the purified peptide T1 was consistent with that of theoretical design. The significant antimicrobial activity of T1 against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated, suggesting that the conservative sequences in cecropin play an important role in the antimicrobial mechanism and that antimicrobial peptide T1 has the potential to be used as the food preservative.

The “Other” Gram-Negative Bacteria in Mastitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ynte Schukken ◽  
Matt Chuff ◽  
Paolo Moroni ◽  
Abhijit Gurjar ◽  
Carlos Santisteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of DW286, a New Fluoronaphthyridone Antibiotic

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 3071-3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Jeong Yun ◽  
Yu-Hong Min ◽  
Jung-A Lim ◽  
Jin-Wook Kang ◽  
So-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

ABSTRACT The in vitro and in vivo activities of DW286, a novel fluoronaphthyridone with potent antibacterial activity, were compared with those of ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin. Against gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis, the in vitro activity of DW286 was stronger than that of any other reference antibiotic. Against gram-negative bacteria, the activity of DW286 was similar to those of trovafloxacin and gemifloxacin but was weaker than that of ciprofloxacin. In a mouse systemic infection caused by three S. aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and quinolone-resistant S. aureus (QRSA), DW286 demonstrated the most potent activity, as found in vitro. Specially, DW286 is ≥8-fold more active against QRSA than the other fluoroquinolones. And the 50% protective doses for DW286 were correspondent with the in vitro activities.

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