ICMSF Methods Studies. XV. Comparison of Four Media and Methods for Enumerating Staphylococcus aureus in Powdered Milk

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. CHOPIN ◽  
S. MALCOLM ◽  
G. JARVIS ◽  
H. ASPERGER ◽  
H. J. BECKERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Petri Dishes

Four media were examined for their usefulness in enumerating Staphylococcus aureus inoculated (a) into milk that was then dried or (b) directly into dried milk powder. In all, seven strains of S. aureus were inoculated individually into each preparation and were enumerated after two periods of storage (18 to 19 d and 60 to 61 d). Fourteen laboratories from twelve countries participated in the comparison which found that direct plating on agar medium in 14-cm petri dishes may be as useful as enrichment followed by streaking. Plating on Baird-Parker medium or on Hauschild pork plasma fibrinogen medium and a MPN method using Giolitti and Cantoni's broth with Tween 80 were equally sensitive for enumerating S. aureus in dried milk powder. The use of Hauschild medium may eliminate the need for supplementary tests to confirm colonies as S. aureus, but in some cases was found to fail in some laboratories. Giolitti and Cantoni's broth without Tween 80 generally was less useful than the three other media for enumerating S. aureus. S. aureus inoculated into milk that was then dried survived longer than when inoculated into dried milk.

scholarly journals Propagation of a Threatened Plant Species: American Hart's-Tongue Fern

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 913D-913
Author(s):  
Kathryn Hahne Schultz ◽  
Stephen Garton
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Habitat Alteration ◽  
Southern Population ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Threatened Plant Species ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Propagation Media

Phyllitis scolopendrium var. americana is a rare North American fern species whose range is being threatened by habitat alteration. Research efforts were undertaken to ensure survival of the southern population by applying horticultural techniques to propagate new plants for reintroduction. Several techniques were used to induce spore germination. Aseptic techniques included direct plating of spores onto agar medium in petri dishes and dusting spores into test tubes filled with liquid medium. Spores were spread onto soil samples taken from the fern habitats and onto various other propagation media. Prothalli grown in nutrient solution were transferred onto various nonsterile conventional horticultural media. Results indicated that germination in the nutrient solution and subsequent transfer of prothalli was more efficient and promoted survival of propagules compared to subculture from solidified medium.

Evaluation of S. aureus ID, a Chromogenic Agar Medium for the Detection of Staphylococcus aureus

Infection ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. W. Diederen ◽  
C. M. van Leest ◽  
I. van Duijn ◽  
P. Willemse ◽  
P. H. J. van Keulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Chromogenic Agar

Assessment of different selective agar media for enumeration and isolation ofListeriafrom dairy products

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Dominguez ◽  
José Francisco Fernández ◽  
Victor Briones ◽  
José Luis Blanco ◽  
Guillermo Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Selective Agar ◽  
Natural Microflora ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

SummaryDifferent selective agar media were compared for the recovery and isolation of five species ofListeriafrom raw milk and cheese. The selective media examined were Beerens medium, MacBride medium and that described by Dominguezet al.(1984) with 6 mg/1 acriflavine, listeria selective agar medium (LSAM), and LSAM with 12 mg/1 acriflavine (LSAM × 2A); a non-selective yeast glucose Lemco agar was included for comparison. When the difference between listeria and the natural microflora of raw milk and cheese was 102cfu/ml, listeria could be isolated by direct plating on all media tested. When it was lower than 103–104cfu/ml, listeria were isolated by direct plating only on LSAM and LSAM × 2A. When the difference was greater than 104cfu/ml, a previous enrichment was necessary to isolate them. LSAM and LSAM × 2A media performed better than the other media tested for isolating listeria by direct plating and improved their isolation from dairy products. This superior performance was evaluated by the ability of these media to support colony formation of different species ofListeriatested, the easy recognition of these colonies from those formed by other microorganisms and by their capacity to inhibit the natural microflora of these foods.

Faster Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk and Milk Powder by Flow Cytometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Liu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Zhiwei Sui ◽  
Ziquan Wang ◽  
Longquan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Milk Powder

scholarly journals Improvement of the Culture Medium for the Dichlorvos-Ammonia (DV-AM) Method to Selectively Detect Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Soil

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Yabe ◽  
Haruna Ozaki ◽  
Takuya Maruyama ◽  
Keisuke Hayashi ◽  
Yuki Matto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Aspergillus Nomius ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Triton X

The dichlorvos-ammonia (DV-AM) method is a simple but sensitive visual method for detecting aflatoxigenic fungi. Here we sought to develop a selective medium that is appropriate for the growth of aflatoxigenic fungi among soil mycoflora. We examined the effects of different concentrations of carbon sources (sucrose and glucose) and detergents (deoxycholate (DOC), Triton X-100, and Tween 80) on microorganisms in soils, using agar medium supplemented with chloramphenicol. The results demonstrated that 5–10% sucrose concentrations and 0.1–0.15% DOC concentrations were appropriate for the selective detection of aflatoxigenic fungi in soil. We also identified the optimal constituents of the medium on which the normal rapid growth of Rhizopus sp. was completely inhibited. By using the new medium along with the DV-AM method, we succeeded in the isolation of aflatoxigenic fungi from non-agricultural fields in Fukui city, Japan. The fungi were identified as Aspergillus nomius based on their calmodulin gene sequences. These results indicate that the new medium will be useful in practice for the detection of aflatoxigenic fungi in soil samples including those from non-agricultural environments.

scholarly journals Comparing the Yield of Staphylococcus aureus Recovery with Static versus Agitated Broth Incubation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Carol E. Muenks ◽  
Patrick G. Hogan ◽  
Carey-Ann D. Burnham ◽  
Stephanie A. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Semiquantitative Assessment ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Broth Enrichment

Given the lack of standardization of methodologies for microbial recovery from built environments, we sought to compare the yield of Staphylococcus aureus with a broth enrichment method when incubated in agitated versus static conditions. Five unique strains of S. aureus at five different concentrations were cultured to compare direct plating, agitated broth enrichment, and static broth enrichment culture methods. All samples were incubated at 35° in ambient air. The lowest concentration recovered across three replicates and five strains did not differ between culture methods (Fisher’s exact test, p=0.50); notably, recovery of S. aureus was equivalent between static and agitated broth incubation. When broth enrichment was used (both static and agitated), the burden of S. aureus growth was higher (by semiquantitative assessment of 4-quadrant streaking) compared to the direct plating culture method. Optimizing strategies for microbial recovery is essential, particularly in areas of lower biomass, given the paucity of research concerning microbial communities of built environments. The results of this study, in conjunction with other experiments investigating microbiomes of built environments, can help inform protocols for standardizing culturing methods within built environments.

scholarly journals Comparison of Petrifilm Staph Express Count System with the Bacteriological Analytical Manual Direct-Plating Method for Enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in Artificially Contaminated Hard Cheese

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1138-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis M Fedio ◽  
Chitra N Wendakoon ◽  
Ruben Zapata ◽  
Christina Carrillo ◽  
Paul Browning
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Hard Cheese

Abstract The 3M Petrifilm Staph Express Count System was compared with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) direct-plate count method for the enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in 6 types of artificially contaminated hard cheese (Asiago, Cheddar, Gruyre, Parmesan, Romano, and Swiss). Five different samples of each cheese type were inoculated with S. aureus (ATCC 25923) to achieve low, medium, and high inoculum levels. S. aureus was enumerated by the Petrifilm and BAM methods, and the results were compared. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed no significant differences (P <0.05) between the 2 methods. The Petrifilm method compared favorably with the BAM procedure. The rapid method was more convenient to use, considerably faster, and less expensive to perform than the BAM method.

Comparison of Aqueous Chemical Treatments To Eliminate Salmonella on Alfalfa Seeds

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1475-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. WEISSINGER ◽  
L. R. BEUCHAT
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
The United States ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Alfalfa Sprouts ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds

Several outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with alfalfa sprouts have been documented in the United States since 1995. This study was undertaken to evaluate various chemical treatments for their effectiveness in killing Salmonella on alfalfa seeds. Immersing inoculated seeds in solutions containing 20,000 ppm free chlorine (Ca[OCl]2), 5% Na3PO4, 8% H2O2, 1% Ca(OH)2, 1% calcinated calcium, 5% lactic acid, or 5% citric acid for 10 min resulted in reductions of 2.0 to 3.2 log10 CFU/g. Treatment with 1,060 ppm Tsunami or Vortex, 1,200 ppm acidified NaClO2, or 5% acetic acid were less effective in reducing Salmonella populations. With the exceptions of 8% H2O2, 1% Ca(OH)2, and 1% calcinated calcium that reduced populations by 3.2, 2.8, and 2.9 log10 CFU/g, respectively, none of treatments reduced the number of Salmonella by more than 2.2 log10 CFU/g without significantly reducing the seed germination percentage. Treatment with 5% acetic, lactic, or citric acids substantially reduced the ability of seeds to germinate. Treatment with 1% Ca(OH)2 in combination with 1% Tween 80, a surfactant, enhanced inactivation by 1.3 log10 CFU/g compared to treatment with 1% Ca(OH)2 alone. Presoaking seeds in water, 0.1% EDTA, 1% Tween 80, or 1% Tween 80 plus 0.1% EDTA for 30 min before treatment with water, 2,000 ppm NaOCl, or 2% lactic acid had a minimal effect on reducing populations of Salmonella. Results indicate that, although several chemical treatments cause reductions in Salmonella populations of up to 3.2 log10 CFU/g initially on alfalfa seeds when analyzed by direct plating, no treatment eliminated the pathogen, as evidenced by detection in enriched samples.

The Use of a Selective Staphylococcal Broth v Direct Plating for the Recovery of Staphylococcus aureus

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 204-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Sautter ◽  
W.J. Brown ◽  
L.H. Mattman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Surveillance Cultures

AbstractNine hundred seventy-two cultures taken from the external nares and the vaginal vestibules of 54 women for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus were studied. The swabs were plated directly to a trypticase soy agar plate containing 5% sheep blood and were then placed into a selective staphylococcal broth. Both culture methods were compared for the ability to recover S aureus.Twenty percent (26/131) and 66% (38/58) of the S aureus-positive cultures taken from the nares and vagina respectively were cultured from the selective broth only. We believe that a selective staphylococcal broth should be used in addition to routine culture techniques to isolate S aureus from infection control surveillance cultures.

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