Incidence of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia Coli in Iraqi Milk Products

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 846-848
Author(s):  
F. M. ABBAR ◽  
H. KH. KADDER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Overall Resistance

The antimicrobial sensitivity of 430 Escherichia coli strains isolated from three types of locally processed Iraqi milk products was determined. Four hundred and one (93.2%) isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, and only 29 (6.7%) isolates were sensitive to all 12 agents tested. The incidence of resistant E. coli was 95.5%, 90.4% and 84.4% in isolates from cheese, kishfa, and gaymer, respectively. There was no significant difference in resistance among E. coli strains from various milk products. Overall, resistance to penicillin (92.3%), erythromycin (75.8%), cephaloridine (71.9%), ampicillin (57.7%), and tetracycline (37%) was most frequent, whereas isolates were least resistant to kanamycin (7.2%), chloramphenicol (8.1%), nalidixic acid (8.6%), gentamycin (9%), streptomycin (12.5%), trimethoprim (14%), and colistin (18%). The predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern was penicillin, ampicillin, cephaloridine, and erythromycin detected in 77 (18%). The high resistance of E. coli strains isolated from product samples was suggestive of misuse of these drugs in Iraq.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATES FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 774-779
Author(s):  
Anupama S. Wyawahare ◽  
◽  
Jyotsna K Mishra ◽  
Manjushree V. Mulay ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

E Coli is the most commonly encountered human pathogen which has been associated with various clinical manifestations.Analyzing resistance pattern of Escherichia coli to commonly prescribed antibiotics helps to decide empirical therapy.The study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2018.Total of 2135 E coli isolates were recovered from various clinical specimens .In our study antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of 1925 E coli isolates was studied Maximum no of E coli were isolated from urine 867 [40.60%] followed by skin & soft tissue specimens 691 [32.36%],stool specimens 179 [8.38%] , Respiratory Tract specimens 129[6.04%] , and blood 59 [2.76] .Out of 867 E coli isolates from urine specimens maximum susceptibility was found against Fosfomycin 806 [92.96 %] followed by Amikacin 753 [86.85 %], Ertapenem 702[80.96%], Gentamicin 563[64.93 %] and Nitrofurantoin 518[59.74% ]Most isolates of E coli from UTI, SSTI, RTI, BSI are susceptible to Carbapenems , Amikacin and CefoperazoneSulbactam..Increasing resistance to oral antimicrobial agents is a serious issue.Improved facilities for microbiology laboratories and judicious use of antimicrobial agents is need of the hour.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Urban Children of Two Age Groups in Relation to Their Antibiotic Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 3005-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Literak ◽  
Radim Petro ◽  
Monika Dolejska ◽  
Erika Gruberova ◽  
Hana Dobiasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Age Groups

ABSTRACTThe study was performed in the Czech Republic during 2007 to 2009. OfEscherichia coliisolates from 275 children aged 6 weeks, 36% (n= 177) were resistant to 1 to 7 antibiotics. Of isolates from 253 children aged 6 to 17 years, 24% (n= 205) were resistant to 1 to 5 antibiotics. There was no significant difference in the prevalences of antibiotic-resistantE. coliisolates between these groups of children, even though the consumptions of antibiotics were quite different.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of antibiotic resistant and antibiotic susceptible Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus strains against ozone

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Heß ◽  
Claudia Gallert
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Casseliflavus ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Tolerance of antibiotic susceptible and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus strains from clinical and wastewater samples against ozone was tested to investigate if ozone, a strong oxidant applied for advanced wastewater treatment, will affect the release of antibiotic resistant bacteria into the aquatic environment. For this purpose, the resistance pattern against antibiotics of the mentioned isolates and their survival after exposure to 4 mg/L ozone was determined. Antibiotic resistance (AR) of the isolates was not correlating with higher tolerance against ozone. Except for ampicillin resistant E. coli strains, which showed a trend towards increased resistance, E. coli strains that were also resistant against cotrimoxazol, ciprofloxacin or a combination of the three antibiotics were similarly or less resistant against ozone than antibiotic sensitive strains. Pigment-producing Enterococcus casseliflavus and Staphylococcus aureus seemed to be more resistant against ozone than non-pigmented species of these genera. Furthermore, aggregation or biofilm formation apparently protected bacteria in subsurface layers from inactivation by ozone. The relatively large variance of tolerance against ozone may indicate that resistance to ozone inactivation most probably depends on several factors, where AR, if at all, does not play a major role.

scholarly journals Threats to aquatic ecosystems caused by antibiotic-resistant isolate of Escherichia coli from sewage

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-351
Author(s):  
Magdalena Frąk ◽  
Zuzanna Kozerska
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

Abstract The occurrence of Escherichia coli isolate resistant to penicillin and streptomycin in sewage discharged into the environment was tested. Thirty three Escherichia coli isolate were isolated from sewage samples showed different susceptibility to tested antibiotics. All tested isolate show higher resistance to penicillin than streptomycin. Twenty four tested E. coli isolate showed resistance only to low concentrations of penicillin. Five E. coli isolate showed resistance to higher concentrations of penicillin as well (120 μg·dm−3). Five E. coli isolate showed resistance to penicillin and streptomycin. Discharging sewage that contains bacteria isolate resistant to antibiotics into the aquatic environment causes their spreading and increases threats to aquatic ecosystems.

Characterization of antibiotic-resistant and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli from soil fertilized with litter of broiler chickens fed antimicrobial-supplemented diets

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1084-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Merchant ◽  
Heidi Rempel ◽  
Tom Forge ◽  
Tissa Kannangara ◽  
Shabtai Bittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

The objective of this study was to characterize antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants of Escherichia coli from soil amended with litter from 36-day-old broiler chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) fed with diets supplemented with a variety of antimicrobial agents. Soil samples were collected from plots before and periodically after litter application in August to measure E. coli numbers. A total of 295 E. coli were isolated from fertilized soil samples between August and March. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Sensititre, and polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the presence of resistance and virulence genes. The results confirmed that E. coli survived and could be quantified by direct plate count for at least 7 months in soil following litter application in August. The effects of feed supplementation were observed on E. coli numbers in November and January. Among the 295 E. coli, the highest antibiotic resistance level was observed against tetracycline and β-lactams associated mainly with the resistance genes tetB and blaCMY-2, respectively. Significant treatment effects were observed for phylogenetic groups, antibiotic resistance profiles, and virulence gene frequencies. Serotyping, phylogenetic grouping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed that multiple-antibiotic-resistant and potentially pathogenic E. coli can survive in soil fertilized with litter for several months regardless of antimicrobials used in the feed.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of the reduction of antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli as a result of low- and medium-pressure UV lamps

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 612-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eithne O'Flaherty ◽  
Jeanne-Marie Membré ◽  
Enda Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Medium Pressure ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uv Lamps

Abstract It is vital that harmful bacteria are removed from water and wastewater treatment plants to prevent human/environmental exposure. This paper examines the log reduction of antibiotic-sensitive (AS) and antibiotic-resistant (AR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a result of low-pressure (LP) and medium-pressure (MP) UV lamps. A meta-analysis was performed and a mixed-effect model was created in which 303 data points on the log reduction of E. coli from UV treatment were collected. The results show that in order to achieve a 6 log reduction using an MP lamp, on average a UV level of 7.3 mJ/cm2 for AS E. coli and 7.5 mJ/cm2 for AR E. coli were required. Using an LP lamp, a UV level of 8.1 mJ/cm2 for AS E. coli and 8.4 mJ/cm2 for AR E. coli were required. The results show there is no significant difference between the inactivation of AR and AS E. coli at different UV levels. The model predicts that AR or AS E. coli will be inactivated at UV levels lower than the recommended UV operation conditions (40 mJ/cm2), but it is important to use this UV level to inactivate other harmful microorganisms.

scholarly journals Occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in sewage treatment plants of South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerabham Praveenkumarreddy ◽  
Masato Akiba ◽  
Keerthi Siri Guruge ◽  
Keshava Balakrishna ◽  
Kalwaje Eshwara Vandana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
South India ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Antibiotics received by sewage treatment plants may be the causative factor in spreading antibiotic resistance bacteria in the aquatic environment. The current study investigates the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in four sewage treatment plants (STPs) in South India receiving hospital and domestic wastewater in different proportions. A total of 221 E. coli isolates were checked for antimicrobial resistance against 16 antimicrobials. Among the antimicrobials tested, ampicillin (AMP) and cefazolin (CFZ) showed resistance between 20% and 90%, nalidixic acid (NAL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) showed resistance between 15% and 75% and chloramphenicol (CHL) showed resistance between 2% and 20%. Based on the observations, there is no significant difference between the wastewater inlet and outlet, suggesting that treatment process was not effective in reducing the resistance. In conclusion, the trends of antimicrobial resistance pattern show that the levels of resistance were slightly higher in hospital wastewater than domestic wastewater. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Commensal Escherichia Coli among the Children in Rural Hill Communities of North East India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Singh ◽  
Saurav Das ◽  
Samer Singh ◽  
Varsha Rani Gajamer ◽  
Nilu Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
School Level ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
North East ◽  
High Prevalence

AbstractCommensal bacteria are the representative of the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes present in a community. Merely a few community-based studies on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal bacteria have been conducted so far in Southeast Asia and other parts of India. Northeastern India is still untapped regarding the surveillance of antibiotic-resistant genes and prevalence in commensal bacteria. In the present work, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli was investigated along with the associated demographic factors in pre-school and school going children in rural areas of Sikkim. A total of 550 fecal E. coli isolates were obtained from children of the age 1-14 years living in different villages at various altitudes of Sikkim from July 2015 to June 2017. Standard antibiotic susceptibility testing of these isolates was performed. A structured questionnaire was designed to study the factors associated with carriage of antibiotic resistance in commensal E. coli isolates among children. Descriptive statistics analysis and a logistic regression model were used to identify the effect of external factors on antibiotic resistance pattern. High prevalence of resistance was found against commonly used antibiotics ampicillin (92%), ceftazidime (90%), cefoxitin (88%), streptomycin (40%) and tetracycline (36%) among the samples examined in our present study. No resistance to chloramphenicol was recorded. Fifty-two percent of the isolates were resistant to the combination of penicillin and quinolone group of antibiotics. Children living in nuclear families showed higher incidence of resistance to ampicillin (63.15%, OR 0.18,95% CI:0.11 – 0.28, p<0.01) while children of mothers having education up to school level displayed higher incidence of ceftazidime (59.27% OR 0.75, 95% CI:0.55 - 1.02, p<0.02). Our study demonstrates a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant commensal E. coli against the commonly used antibiotics among children in the study area. A close association between different demographic factors and the pattern of carriage of antibiotic-resistant isolates was observed suggesting a concern over misuse of antibiotics and warrants a future threat of emerging multidrug resistant isolates.

scholarly journals Ziziphora clinopodioidesEssential Oil and Nisin as Potential Antimicrobial Agents againstEscherichia coliO157:H7 in Doogh (Iranian Yoghurt Drink)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects ofZiziphora clinopodioidesessential oil (0.1 and 0.2%) and nisin (250 and 500 IU/mL) separately and in combination on survival ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 inoculated in Doogh (Iranian yoghurt drink) during storage under refrigerated temperature (4 ± 1°C) for 9 days. Viability ofLactobacillus caseiat different concentrations ofZ. clinopodioidesessential oil (0.1 and 0.2%) in Doogh was also examined. The major components were carvacrol (64.22%), thymol (19.22%),γ-terpinene (4.63%), andp-cymene (4.86%). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between samples treated with nisin and those of untreated samples. Samples treated with both concentrations of the essential oil (0.1 and 0.2%) showed populations ofE. coliO157:H7 significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of untreated samples. The essential oil ofZ. clinopodioidesin combination with nisin had a potential synergistic effect againstE. coliO157:H7 in Doogh samples after 5 days. The count ofL. caseiwas not inhibited by different concentrations of theZ. clinopodioidesessential oil. It is concluded that the leaf essential oil ofZ. clinopodioidesin combination with nisin can be applied as alternative antimicrobial agents in Doogh to inhibit the growth ofE. coliO157:H7.

Ozone disinfection of secondary effluent containing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Finch ◽  
D. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Ozone Disinfection ◽  
Final Effluent

A paired experiment using seven batches of activated sludge final effluent was used to determine the effect of ozone on the multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) population of Escherichia coli. The experiments were conducted using a batch stirred tank reactor. No statistically significant difference was found in the proportions of MAR E. coli in the ozonated secondary effluent when compared with the nonozonated effluent. This was true for all levels of multiple resistance including simultaneous resistance to greater than or equal to five antibiotics. This suggests that using ozone for water and wastewater disinfection will not select for antibiotic-resistant bacteria as has been reported by other investigators for chlorine and ultraviolet radiation. Key words: antibiotic resistance, Escherichia coli, wastewater, ozone, disinfection, activated sludge effluent.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document