Standardization of a Method To Determine the Efficacy of Sanitizers in Inactivating Human Pathogenic Microorganisms on Raw Fruits and Vegetables

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY R. BEUCHAT ◽  
JEFFREY M. FARBER ◽  
EDITH H. GARRETT ◽  
LINDA J. HARRIS ◽  
MICKEY E. PARISH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Basic Method ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Basic Standard

The efficacy of sanitizers in killing human pathogenic microorganisms on a wide range of whole and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables has been studied extensively. Numerous challenge studies to determine the effects of storage conditions on survival and growth of pathogens on raw produce have also been reported. Results of these studies are often difficult to assess because of the lack of sufficient reporting of methods or, comparatively, because of variations in procedures for preparing and applying inocula to produce, conditions for treatment and storage, and procedures for enumerating pathogens. There is a need for a standard method to accurately determine the presence and populations of pathogenic microorganisms on produce. The adoption of standard, well-characterized reference strains would benefit a comparative assessment of a basic method among laboratories. A single protocol will not be suitable for all fruits and vegetables. Modifications of a basic method will be necessary to achieve maximum recovery of pathogens on various types of produce subjected to different sanitizer or storage treatments. This article discusses parameters that must be considered in the course of developing a basic standard method against which these modifications could be made.

scholarly journals A simulation model to investigate impacts of facilitating quality data within organic fresh food supply chains

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Leithner ◽  
Christian Fikar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Rural Production

Abstract Demand for and production of organic fresh food play an increasing role worldwide. As a result, a growing amount of fresh fruits and vegetables has to be transported from predominantly rural production regions to customers mostly located in urban ones. Specific handling and storage conditions need to be respected along the entire supply chain to maintain high quality and product value. To support organic food logistics operations, this work investigates benefits of facilitating real-time product data along delivery and storage processes. By the development of a simulation-based decision support system, sustainable deliveries of organic food from farms to retail stores are investigated. Generic keeping quality models are integrated to observe impacts of varying storage temperatures on food quality and losses over time. Computational experiments study a regional supply chain of organic strawberries in Lower Austria and Vienna. Results indicate that the consideration of shelf life data in supply chain decisions allow one to reduce food losses and further enables shifting surplus inventory to alternative distribution channels.

Mouldy fruits and vegetables as a source of mycotoxins: part 1

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Barkai-Golan ◽  
N. Paster
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alternaria Mycotoxins ◽  
Apple Products ◽  
And Storage

Species of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Alternaria are major contributors to fruit and vegetable decay and to mycotoxin production during various stages of pathogenesis. The mycotoxins most commonly associated with fruits and vegetables and their products are aflatoxins, patulin, ochratoxin A and Alternaria toxins. Naturally occurring aflatoxins are found in fruits of tropical and subtropical regions where environmental conditions support growth of aflatoxigenic aspergilli. Aflatoxins in figs and dates have been associated with Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, ochratoxin A in figs has been related mainly to A. alliaceus, and ochratoxin A in wines and other grape-based products has been associated with A. carbonarius and, to a lesser extent, with A. tubingensis and A. niger. Human exposure to patulin is primarily via apple-based products, following fruit infection by Penicillium expansum. Attention has been drawn to patulin contamination in infant apple products, and in organic fruits versus conventional ones. Alternaria species, which naturally attack a wide range of harvested fruits and vegetables, are capable of producing several mycotoxins during pathogenesis. The major mycotoxins include alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, altenuene, tenuazonic acid, and altertoxin-I. Although A. alternata is regarded as the major producer of Alternaria mycotoxins, other species, such as A. citri, A. longipes, A. tenuissima, A. arborescens, may also produce these mycotoxins. Mycotoxin accumulation in fruits and vegetables may occur in the field, and during harvest, postharvest and storage. Factors affecting mycotoxin production include the fruit or vegetable type and cultivar, geographical location, climate, pre-harvest treatments, method of harvest, postharvest treatments and storage conditions. Considering geostatistics, knowledge of the ecology of the fungi, data on crop distribution and meteorological conditions, risk predicting maps have recently been drawn. The methodologies of detection and determination of mycotoxigenic moulds and of ochratoxin A in grape products, of patulin in apple products and of Alternaria mycotoxins in fruit and vegetable products, are summarised and discussed. The present review is based on the multi-author book 'Mycotoxins in Fruits and Vegetables' published by Elsevier (2008).

Microbial-based biocontrol solutions for fruits and vegetables: recent insight, patents, and innovative trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola De Simone ◽  
Vittorio Capozzi ◽  
Maria Luisa Amodio ◽  
Giancarlo Colelli ◽  
Giuseppe Spano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
And Storage

Background: Fruits and vegetables are susceptible to colonisation by undesired microflora, which, in pre- and post-harvest conditions, negatively impacts on the quality of these products, leading to a reduction of yield, shelf-life and marketability. In the last years, the use of microbial Biological Control Agents (BCAs) has assumed international relevance in order to control harmful microorganisms, as a promising alternative to chemical interventions. Objective: The purposes of this review is to discuss the microbial-based solutions applicable for the biocontrol of the main microbial spoilers, phytopathogens, and human food-borne pathogens affecting fruits and vegetables during their production and storage. Results: A comprehensive overview of the scientific literature investigating the effectiveness of BCA-based products available on the market is provided, as well as of the most recent patents protecting biotechnological applications in this field. Innovative trends are discussed, with a particular focus on the integration of BCAs to minimise spoilage phenomena and microbiological risks adopting combined approaches. Conclusion: This study underlines the growing interest about biocontrol strategies to counteract the growth of spoilage and/or pathogenic microorganisms indicating that in the next years a considerable increase of commercial products and patents will worldwide developed to exploit innovative biotechnological solutions in the sector.

Time-resolved immunofluorometric assay and specimen storage conditions for measuring urinary gonadotropins

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Saketos ◽  
N Sharma ◽  
T Adel ◽  
M Raghuwanshi ◽  
N Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract We optimized storage conditions and validated a sensitive immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) for urinary gonadotropins. Assay linearity and parallelism for luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was observed to 0.04 IU/L. Urinary LH and FSH were unaffected by changes of osmolarity from 0.5 to 3.0 mOsm/kg, and from pH 4.5 to 10.5. Serum and urine measurements of the hormones correlated well over a wide range of values: for LH, R2 = 0.94, P < 0.01; for FSH, R2 = 0.71, P < 0.01 (n = 304). Preservation of urine with glycerol (70 mL/L) and storage at -20 degrees C yielded > 80% recovery of LH and FSH after 51 weeks; this was comparable with recovery for acetone extracts of urine. Untreated urine showed loss of activity by 4 weeks of storage. Preserving urine specimens with glycerol is a simple method of storage for longitudinal study and compares favorably with acetone extraction. IFMAs can measure urinary gonadotropins reproducibly over a wide range of pH and osmotic conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Transport and Storage on the Weight and Moisture Loss of Exotic Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Надежда Величко ◽  
Nadezhda Velichko ◽  
Елизавета Рыгалова ◽  
Elizaveta Rygalova ◽  
Лидия Шароглазова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Flight Duration ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Loss Of Mass ◽  
Exotic Fruits ◽  
And Storage

Every year, hundreds of thousands of tons of fruits and vegetables are supplied to the territory of the Russian Federation by exporting producers from different countries. During transportation and storage, the supplied fruits and vegetables undergo various physical and biochemical changes, leading to weight loss and changes in quality indicators. Loss of moisture during transportation is one of the main causes of damage to fruits and vegetables. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to minimize the loss of mass and moisture of exotic fruits during transportation and storage in warehouse conditions.Objective: to establish the rates of loss of 10 samples of exotic fruits. The samples included Thai pineapple, Thai watermelon, guava, cantaloupe melon, carambola, Thai mango, papaya of Holland variety, green papaya, passionflower (passion fruit, pitaya). The fruits were transported by air from Thailand (Bangkok) to Krasnoyarsk. The flight duration was 8 hours, flight altitude – 10,000 m. The storage conditions were as follows: temperature – 5–8°C, humidity – 47%, storage time – 10 days in winter period. The paper presents the results obtained for the dynamics of mass and humidity during transportation by air of samples of exotic fruits and during storage in warehouse conditions. It was established that the loss of mass and moisture of exotic fruits in the process of transportation and storage occurred in all samples. The highest percentage of weight loss was observed in Thai mango and amounted to 2.93%. The greatest loss of moisture during storage in warehouses was observed in Thai watermelon (3.5%), the smallest – in Thai pineapple (0.5%). The largest weight loss was set for guava (4.6%), the smallest – for Thai watermelon (0.5%).

scholarly journals HPLC Analysis of Aflatoxin B1 Contamination of Local and Foreign Brands of Cigarette Tobacco Popularly Consumed in Niger State North-Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Ndagi Mohammed Saba ◽  
Musa Achimugu Dickson ◽  
Ogbiko Cyril
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Foreign Brands ◽  
And Storage

Under favorable growth conditions, fungi produced aflatoxins. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) categorized as a carcinogen is the most toxic and subject of regulation in foods and feeds in many countries. AFB1 contamination has been reported in a wide range of products including cigarette tobacco due to improper processing and storage conditions. This research aim at determining the concentration load of AFB1 mycotoxin in brands of cigarette tobacco commonly consumed in Lapai and Minna metropolis of Niger State Nigeria. Thirty-six (36) brands of cigarette tobacco were purchased in open markets in Minna and Lapai towns of Niger state, Nigeria. Residual AFB1 was extracted from the sample using standard procedures. HPLC analysis was used for the mycotoxin quantification. The result showed that all cigarette samples produces AFB1 with a concentration of 302 µg/mL and 18 µg/mL as the highest and lowest AFB1 concentration respectively for the local – Nigeria brands compared to 166 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL AFB1 concentration observed for the foreign brands. The findings from this study provide sufficient levels of contamination to pose significant health hazard for the consumer of the tobacco. Careful processing and storage is therefore advocated to eliminate or reduce the mycotoxin contamination of the cigarette brands.

scholarly journals Effects of postharvest application of UV-C radiation on the control of microorganisms and maintenance of quality in strawberries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Palma Petrielli ◽  
Franciane Colares Souza Usberti ◽  
Raysa Maduro Alves
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Postharvest Application ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
High Metabolic Activity

Because it is a highly perishable fruit, due to its high metabolic activity and water content, the strawberry has a shelf life limited by weight loss, texture alteration and microbiological deterioration. Such susceptibility to proliferation of microorganisms and the occurrence of postharvest diseases, especially some rot, stimulates the study of alternative sanitizing treatments that aims at the maintenance of fruit quality such as ultraviolet radiation, which it exhibits germicidal properties in the region UV-C (200-280nm). The non-formation of residual toxic compounds on the surface of the product, a low cost and the fact of being odorless are advantages of its use in fruits and vegetables.¹ In the present study the objective was to evaluate the efficacy and effects of UV-C radiation in strawberries by applying 0.0 (T1), 1.25 (T2), 2.50 (T3), 3.75 (T4) and 5.0 (T5) kJ/m² and storage at 5.37 ± 0.74 ºC and 53.38 ± 6.84% RH after irradiation. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized blocks design with three replicates per treatment. In the results, it was not possible to observe some benefits of UV-C in strawberries in relation to their non-use, suggesting it needs further studies with different doses and storage conditions.

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