Survivability of Salmonella and Shigella spp. in Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Tween 80 at 22 and 40°C

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1462-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENEE M. RAIDEN ◽  
JOEMEL M. QUICHO ◽  
CORYELL J. MAXFIELD ◽  
SUSAN S. SUMNER ◽  
JOSEPH D. EIFERT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Over Time

Fresh produce has been implicated in several foodborne disease outbreaks. A primary site of contamination during production and handling is the surface of produce. One approach to reducing contamination is to treat fresh produce with rinsing agents. Studies have examined the efficacies of detergents and other rinses in recovering pathogens from produce surfaces. The determination of how these detergents affect bacterial cells may aid in understanding the mechanisms behind their removal. This study examines the survivability of Salmonella and Shigella in two detergents. A 0.1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) solution, a 0.1% Tween 80 solution, and water were inoculated with a cocktail of stationary-phase organisms (3 log CFU/ml) and incubated for up to 32 h at 22°C and 40°C. Samples were taken over time and plated on tryptic soy agar supplemented with 50 ppm of nalidixic acid. Salmonella survived in all solutions and exhibited significant growth in water (0.8 log CFU/ml at 22°C and 1.9 log CFU/ml at 40°C) and Tween 80 (1.0 log CFU/ml at 40°C). Shigella survived in all solutions at 22°C and exhibited a growth level of 2.0 log CFU/ml in SLS. Shigella also survived in all solutions at 40°C, although its populations decreased significantly in Tween 80 over time. Elevated temperatures may allow Tween 80 to kill Shigella spp. over time. Overall, the detergents tested were not detrimental to the cells; therefore, if these solutions were to be used as produce rinse agents, they would aid in removal of organisms from surfaces rather than kill the cells.

Efficacy of Detergents in Removing Salmonella and Shigella spp. from the Surface of Fresh Produce

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2210-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENEE M. RAIDEN ◽  
SUSAN S. SUMNER ◽  
JOSEPH D. EIFERT ◽  
MERLE D. PIERSON
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Leaf Lettuce

Fresh produce has been implicated in several foodborne disease outbreaks. Produce surfaces can be primary sites of contamination during production and handling. One approach to reduce contamination is to treat fresh produce with rinsing agents. In this study, different detergent agents were used at 22 and 40°C to determine their efficacy in removing Salmonella and Shigella spp. from the surfaces of strawberries, tomatoes, and green-leaf lettuce. Produce was inoculated at 22°C with a cocktail of nalidixic acid–resistant organisms (6 to 6.5 log CFU/ml). After air drying for 1 h, samples were rinsed with either 0.1% Tween 80, 0.1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), or water (control) at 22 or 40°C. Rinse solutions were spiral plated onto tryptic soy agar supplemented with 50 mg of nalidixic acid per liter. In trials involving strawberries and lettuce, Salmonella and Shigella were removed at levels of 4 and 3 log CFU/ml, respectively, except from Salmonella-inoculated strawberries rinsed with SLS, for which minimal removal rates were 1.5 log CFU/ml at 22°C and <1 log CFU/ml at 40°C. When whole strawberries were analyzed after rinsing with SLS, few organisms were recovered. This result suggests that SLS may have a lethal or sublethal effect on Salmonella, especially when a 40°C solution is used. Salmonella and Shigella removal rates for tomatoes were 1 and 1.5 log CFU/ml lower, respectively, than those for strawberries or lettuce. Overall, detergents were no more effective in removing organisms from produce than water was. The detergents examined would not constitute effective overall produce rinse treatments.

scholarly journals On the Effect of Surfactants on the Baikal Oligochaete Mesenchytraeus bungei Michaelsen

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
G. O. Zhdanova ◽  
◽  
K. D. Zyuzina ◽  
S. E. Sergienko ◽  
M. N. Saksonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Near Future

Pollution of natural objects with surfactants is relevant, including for the lake Baikal. Here, until the near future, there was a constant increase in the tourist flow and, as a result, the ingress of these pollutants into the reservoir. First of all, the inhabitants of the littoral zone come into contact with the incoming pollutants. In this regard, the work evaluated the effect of surfactants on the survival rate of the Baikal endemic oligochaetes Mesenchytraeus bungei Michaelsen, 1901. These enchitreids are a common species. They are widespread throughout the lake from the water's edge to the deepest depths. Therefore, M. bungei is recommended as an indicator object for ecological monitoring of the lake Baikal. The tested compounds are representatives of different types of surfactants: anionic – sodium lauryl sulfate, cationic –cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and nonionic – tween-80. Baikal oligochaetes M. bungei Michaelsen, 1901 were collected in July – August 2020 in the splash zone of Lake Baikal in settlement Bolshiye Koty (South Baikal). Enchitreid about 1.8-2.0 cm long was used in the experiments. After adaptation to laboratory conditions (2 days with water aeration using a microcompressor), further incubation was carried out in glass or plastic cages with nonsterile Baikal water at a temperature of 8–10 °C and an illumination of 250-300 lux. River sand was placed at the bottom, the layer thickness of which was 0.8-1.5 cm. Baikal oligochaetes M. bungei Michaelsen, 1901 turned out to be sensitive to the anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate and cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at a content of 0.005-0.006 mM. So, with the addition of 0.006 mM sodium lauryl sulfate for 3 days of the experiment, the proportion of dead individuals of the test object was 40%, at 0.0125 mM – 60%, at 0.025 mM – 90%, and at 0.05 mM complete death of all enchitreid individuals was observed. Adding CTAB at a concentration of 0.005 mM increased the proportion of dead oligochaetes to 40%. TAB twice – up to 0.01 mM – led to the death of all worms. The nonionic surfactant tween-80 did not have a negative effect on the Baikal oligochaetes in the concentration range from 1 to 60 mM. The tested surfactants to reduce the degree of their effect on the survival of oligochaetes can be arranged in the following row: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (LC100 = 0.01 mM)> sodium lauryl sulfate (LC100 = 0.05 mM)> tween-80 (harmless up to 60 mM inclusive).

Control of Listeria monocytogenes on Vacuum-Packaged Frankfurters Sprayed with Lactic Acid Alone or in Combination with Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLEKSANDR A. BYELASHOV ◽  
PATRICIA A. KENDALL ◽  
KEITH E. BELK ◽  
JOHN A. SCANGA ◽  
JOHN N. SOFOS
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Pathogen Populations

U.S. regulations require that processors employ lethal or inhibitory antimicrobial alternatives in production of ready-toeat meat and poultry products that support growth of Listeria monocytogenes and may be exposed to the processing environment after a lethality treatment. In this study, lactic acid (LA; 5%, vol/vol) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS; 0.5%, wt/vol) were evaluated individually or as a mixture (LASLS) for control of L. monocytogenes on frankfurters. Frankfurters were inoculated with a 10-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes, sprayed for 10 s (20 bar, 23 ± 2°C) with antimicrobials or distilled water (DW) before (LASLS or DW) or after (LA, SLS, LASLS, or DW) inoculation (4.8 ± 0.1 log CFU/cm2), vacuum packaged, and stored at 4°C for 90 days. Samples were analyzed for numbers of the pathogen (on PALCAM agar) and for total microbial counts (on tryptic soy agar with yeast extract) during storage. Spraying with DW, LA, or SLS after inoculation reduced numbers of L. monocytogenes by 1.3 ± 0.2, 1.8 ± 0.5, and 2.0 ± 0.4 log CFU/cm2, respectively. The LASLS mixture applied before or after inoculation reduced pathogen populations by 1.8 ± 0.4 and 2.8 ± 0.2 log CFU/cm2, respectively. No further reduction by any treatment was observed during storage. The bacterial growth curves (fitted by the model of Baranyi and Roberts) indicated that the lag-phase duration of the bacterium on control samples (13.85 to 15.18 days) was extended by spraying with all solutions containing LA. For example, LA suppressed growth of L. monocytogenes for 39.14 to 41.01 days. Pathogen growth rates also were lower on frankfurters sprayed after inoculation with LA or LASLS compared to those sprayed with DW. Therefore, spraying frankfurters with a mixture of LA and SLS may be a useful antilisterial alternative treatment for ready-to-eat meat and poultry products.

scholarly journals Viability ofBacillus licheniformisandBacillus thuringiensisSpores as a Model for Predicting the Fate ofBacillus anthracisSpores during Composting of Dead Livestock

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1588-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Reuter ◽  
Trevor W. Alexander ◽  
Tim A. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
The West ◽  
Spore Viability ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTSafe disposal of dead livestock and contaminated manure is essential for the effective control of infectious disease outbreaks. Composting has been shown to be an effective method of disposal, but no information exists on its ability to contain diseases caused by spore-forming bacteria, such asBacillus anthracis. Duplicate composters (east and west), each containing 16 dead cattle, were constructed (final capacity, 85,000 kg). Spores (107CFU/g manure) ofBacillus licheniformisandBacillus thuringiensiswere mixed with autoclaved feedlot manure and placed in either sterile vials or porous nylon bags. Compost temperatures in the west composter were slightly higher than in the east composter. ViableB. thuringiensisspores were reduced to ≤102CFU in all samples after 112 days but were isolated from bags (west composter) at ≤102and at 105CFU (east composter) after 230 days. In contrast,B. licheniformiswas at ≤102CFU in vials (west composter) after 112 days but remained at 106CFU after 230 days (east composter). Similarly,B. licheniformisin bags was not detected after 230 days in the west composter but remained at 107CFU in the east composter. Our study suggests that spore viability was reduced in the west composter by exposure to compost and elevated temperatures over time. Different temperature profiles may explain why spores remained viable in the east structure but were largely rendered nonviable in the west structure. Under practical conditions, variation in composting microclimates may preclude the complete inactivation ofBacillusspores, including those ofB. anthracis, during composting. However, composting may still have merit as a method of biocontainment, reducing and diluting the transfer of infectious spores into the environment.

scholarly journals Preharvest Transmission Routes of Fresh Produce Associated Bacterial Pathogens with Outbreak Potentials: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie Declan Iwu ◽  
Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Disease outbreaks caused by the ingestion of contaminated vegetables and fruits pose a significant problem to human health. The sources of contamination of these food products at the preharvest level of agricultural production, most importantly, agricultural soil and irrigation water, serve as potential reservoirs of some clinically significant foodborne pathogenic bacteria. These clinically important bacteria include: Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp., Shigella spp., Enterobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and pathogenic E. coli (and E. coli O157:H7) all of which have the potential to cause disease outbreaks. Most of these pathogens acquire antimicrobial resistance (AR) determinants due to AR selective pressure within the agroecosystem and become resistant against most available treatment options, further aggravating risks to human and environmental health, and food safety. This review critically outlines the following issues with regards to fresh produce; the global burden of fresh produce-related foodborne diseases, contamination between the continuum of farm to table, preharvest transmission routes, AR profiles, and possible interventions to minimize the preharvest contamination of fresh produce. This review reveals that the primary production niches of the agro-ecosystem play a significant role in the transmission of fresh produce associated pathogens as well as their resistant variants, thus detrimental to food safety and public health.

scholarly journals Impact of Solubility Enhancement Methods on the Dissolution Rate of Valsartan Sachet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Anjam H. Abdalla ◽  
Anoosh B. Hagop ◽  
Dina A. Boya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Significant Difference

The oral drug delivery is the most generally used route of administration that has been explored for the delivery of drugs through various pharmaceutical products. Solubility of drug plays critical role in achieving the optimum therapeutic levels of the drug in blood and thus bioavailability. There are many drugs of various therapeutic categories fall in Biopharmaceutics Classification System Classes II and IV as they lack solubility. For all these drugs, dissolution is the big issue for the absorption process. Valsartan is an effective antihypertensive agent and it can be used for the treatment of hypertension in most cases. The objective of this study is to prepare Valsartan as an oral sachet which can be used as an alternative dosage form after improvement of drug solubility using solubilizing agents such as sodium lauryl sulfate and tween 80. Three different formulas of Valsartan sachet were prepared by conventional technique of wet granulation method named conventional formula (Fc), sodium lauryl sulfate formula (Fs), and tween 80 formula (Ft) then compared with the available marketed product of Valsartan tablet (Fd) as a reference. The preformulations studies were conducted to exclude drug excipients interaction. Evaluation was performed in terms of weight variation, dose content uniformity, and drug release study using dissolution test apparatus. Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy reveals no drug excipient interaction and the drug release profile for Fs and Ft formulas within 30 min was 100.16% and 104.16%, respectively, while for Fc only 57.55% of the drug was released. This difference in the release profile was statistically significant (P < 0.05) between Fs and Ft with Fc, but a non- significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between Fs and Ft with the marketed Valsartan tablet (Fd). The results support the possibility of using the prepared formulas Fs and Ft as a Valsartan sachet for the oral administration alternative to conventional Valsartan tablets Fd.

ASSESSMENT OF THE TOXICITY AND HAZARD OF SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE AT DIFFERENT EXPOSURE ROUTES

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
M. V. Bidevkina ◽  
M. I. Golubeva ◽  
A. V. Limantsev ◽  
I. N. Razumnaya ◽  
T. N. Potapova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Exposure Routes ◽  
Number Of Cells

Sodium lauryl sulfate is the most common surfactant used in the production of detergents, chloroprene rubber, plastics, artificial furs and in pharmaceutical industry. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a moderately hazardous substance when introduced into the stomach (DL50 for white mice and rats is in the range of 2086-2700 mg/kg), has a pronounced local irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, has a skin-resorptive, sensitizing and pronounced cumulative effects. The threshold for acute inhalation action is set at 15,3 mg/m3 for changes in the function of the nervous system and irritating effects on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract (an increase in the total number of cells in the nasal flushes).Recommended for approval tentative safe exposure level of sodium lauryl sulfate in the air of the working area is 0.2+ mg/m3 (aerosol).

Investigating Non-Therapeutic Pharmaceutical Substances for Improving In-Vitro Efficacy of Clindamycin Phosphate Against MRSA and Staphylococcus Epidermidis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Mohd Aftab Alam ◽  
Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi ◽  
Khaled A. Alzahrani ◽  
Mohammad H. Al-Agamy ◽  
Abdullah M. Al-Mohizea
Keyword(s):  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Sorbic Acid ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Individual Substance ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipients ◽  
Active Substances

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of pharmaceutical excipients and other active substances on antimicrobial efficacy of standard antibiotic against resistant and susceptible microorganisms. Pharmaceutical excipients (sodium lauryl sulfate [SLS], Tween-80, citric acid, NaOH, NaCl) and active substances (fusidic acid, sorbic acid) were investigated to check in-vitro efficacy and their effect on the efficacy of standard antibiotic. Clindamycin was selected as standard antibiotic. Clindamycin was found to be ineffective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Fusidic acid and SLS showed concentration dependent effect against MRSA. Other tested substances were also ineffective against MRSA, and also failed to improve the susceptibility of MRSA towards clindamycin. The clindamycin + fusidic acid (0.05 µg, 0.1 µg), and clindamycin + SLS (0.5 mg, 1 mg) showed concentration dependent effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Clindamycin combinations with fusidic acid or SLS showed better inhibition of S. epidermidis, than individual substance. At lower concentration of clindamycin (2 µg), the sorbic acid (25 µg) improves its effectiveness. SLS (0.5 mg, 1 mg) and clindamycin (4 µg, 10 µg) showed almost equal zone of inhibition against S. epidermidis, respectively. Present findings showed that certain pharmaceutical excipients (e.g. SLS) are effective against resistant and susceptible microbes, and suggested that more excipients should be screened for their antimicrobial potential and their ability to improve the efficacy of standard antibiotics.

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