Influence of Commercial Sanitizers on Lipopolysaccharide Production by Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2889-2895 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. VENTER ◽  
M. ABRAHAM ◽  
J. F. R. LUES ◽  
I. IVANOV
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Individual Compound ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Cumulative Change

The effect of typical sanitizers on the composition and toxicity of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) produced by Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076 was analyzed. Salmonella Enteritidis was propagated up to the late exponential phase in the presence of commercial sanitizing solutions. LPS was extracted and derivatized with trifluoroacetylation, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and the chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay were used to assess the ultrastructure and toxicity of the LPS. The viability and debris formation during growth were evaluated to verify the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of the sanitizers and to assess sanitizer effects on LPS formation. The LPSs produced were quantified at 1.7 × 104, 1.2 × 104, 3.6 × 103, and 9.6 × 104 [KDO]·minus;1 for the controls and the organisms grown in the presence of a chlorinated sanitizer, a heavy-duty alkaline cleaner, and a phenolic hand wash solution, respectively. In response to these treatments, the short-chain polysaccharide fractions of the LPSs in the Salmonella Enteritidis cells increased. This finding suggests that this organism increases the low-molecular-weight fraction of the LPS in relation to the high-molecular-weight fraction to survive these unfavorable conditions. The cumulative change in the LPS in response to the sanitizers influenced the toxicity of the LPS; however, this change could not be related to an individual compound within any of the assessed fractions.

Studies on the Functionality of Newly Synthesized Fibrinogen after Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction with Streptokinase, Increase in the Rate of Fibrinopeptide Release

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (06) ◽  
pp. 0978-0983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edelmiro Regano ◽  
Virtudes Vila ◽  
Justo Aznar ◽  
Victoria Lacueva ◽  
Vicenta Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Steady State ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Fibrinopeptide A

SummaryIn 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction who received 1,500,000 U of streptokinase, the gradual appearance of newly synthesized fibrinogen and the fibrinopeptide release during the first 35 h after SK treatment were evaluated. At 5 h the fibrinogen circulating in plasma was observed as the high molecular weight fraction (HMW-Fg). The concentration of HMW-Fg increased continuously, and at 20 h reached values higher than those obtained from normal plasma. HMW-Fg represented about 95% of the total fibrinogen during the first 35 h. The degree of phosphorylation of patient fibrinogen increased from 30% before treatment to 65% during the first 5 h, and then slowly declined to 50% at 35 h.The early rates of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and phosphorylated fibrinopeptide A (FPAp) release are higher in patient fibrinogen than in isolated normal HMW-Fg and normal fibrinogen after thrombin addition. The early rate of fibrinopeptide B (FPB) release is the same for the three fibrinogen groups. However, the late rate of FPB release is higher in patient fibrinogen than in normal HMW-Fg and normal fibrinogen. Therefore, the newly synthesized fibrinogen clots faster than fibrinogen in the normal steady state.In two of the 15 patients who had occluded coronary arteries after SK treatment the HMW-Fg and FPAp levels increased as compared with the 13 patients who had patent coronary arteries.These results provide some support for the idea that an increased synthesis of fibrinogen in circulation may result in a procoagulant tendency. If this is so, the HMW-Fg and FPAp content may serve as a risk index for thrombosis.

In Vivo Studies on the Inhibition of Coagulation by Fractionated Heparin and by a Heparin Analogue I. Effects of Heparin Fractions

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (03) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Schmitz-Huebner ◽  
L Balleisen ◽  
F Asbeck ◽  
J van de Loo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Heparin Fractions

SummaryHigh and low molecular weight heparin fractions obtained by gel filtration chromatography of sodium mucosal heparin were injected subcutaneously into six healthy volunteers and compared with the unfractionated substance in a cross-over trial. Equal doses of 5,000 U were administered twice daily over a period of three days and heparin activity was repeatedly controlled before and 2, 4, 8 hrs after injection by means of the APTT, the anti-Xa clotting test and a chromogenic substrate assay. In addition, the in vivo effect of subcutaneously administered fractionated heparin on platelet function was examined on three of the volunteers. The results show that s.c. injections of the low molecular weight fraction induced markedly higher anti-Xa activity than injections of the other preparations. At the same time, APTT results did not significantly differ. Unfractionated heparin and the high molecular weight fraction enhanced ADP-induced platelet aggregation and collagen-mediated MDA production, while the low molecular weight fraction hardly affected these assays, but potently inhibited thrombin-induced MDA production. All heparin preparations stimulated the release of platelet Factor 4 in plasma. During the three-day treatment periods, no side-effects and no significant changes in the response to heparin injections were detected.

Spectrophotometry Measurement of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hamilton Harbour Sediments

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Murphy ◽  
H. Brouwer ◽  
M.E. Fox ◽  
E. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Hamilton Harbour

Abstract Eighty-one sediment cores were collected to determine the extent of coal tar contamination in a toxic area of Hamilton Harbour. Over 800 samples were analyzed by a UV spectrophotometric technique that was standardized with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The coal tar distribution was variable. The highest concentrations were near the Stelco outfalls and the Hamilton-Wentworth combined sewer outfalls. The total concentration of the 16 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 48,300 m3 of near-surface sediments exceeded 200 µg/g.

scholarly journals Biodegradation and metabolic pathway of fenvalerate by Citrobacter freundii CD-9

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tang ◽  
Dan Lei ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Qiong Hu ◽  
Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

Abstract Fenvalerate is a pyrethroid insecticide with rapid action, strong targeting, broad spectrum, and high efficiency. However, continued use of fenvalerate has resulted in its widespread presence as a pollutant in surface streams and soils, causing serious environmental pollution. Pesticide residues in the soil are closely related to food safety, yet little is known regarding the kinetics and metabolic behaviors of fenvalerate. In this study, a fenvalerate-degrading microbial strain, CD-9, isolated from factory sludge, was identified as Citrobacter freundii based on morphological, physio-biochemical, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Response surface methodology analysis showed that the optimum conditions for fenvalerate degradation by CD-9 were pH 6.3, substrate concentration 77 mg/L, and inoculum amount 6% (v/v). Under these conditions, approximately 88% of fenvalerate present was degraded within 72 h of culture. Based on high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, ten metabolites were confirmed after the degradation of fenvalerate by strain CD-9. Among them, o-phthalaldehyde is a new metabolite for fenvalerate degradation. Based on the identified metabolites, a possible degradation pathway of fenvalerate by C. freundii CD-9 was proposed. Furthermore, the enzyme localization method was used to study CD-9 bacteria and determine that its degrading enzyme is an intracellular enzyme. The degradation rate of fenvalerate by a crude enzyme solution for over 30 min was 73.87%. These results showed that strain CD-9 may be a suitable organism to eliminate environmental pollution by pyrethroid insecticides and provide a future reference for the preparation of microbial degradation agents and environmental remediation.

Feline Spongy Encephalopathy With a Mutation in the ASPA Gene

2021 ◽  
pp. 030098582110021
Author(s):  
Yuta Takaichi ◽  
James K. Chambers ◽  
Moeko Shiroma-Kohyama ◽  
Makoto Haritani ◽  
Yumi Une ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Canavan Disease ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Spongy Degeneration ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Dense Granules

Canavan disease is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the gene encoding aspartoacylase (ASPA), which hydrolyses N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to acetate and aspartate. A similar feline neurodegenerative disease associated with a mutation in the ASPA gene is reported herein. Comprehensive clinical, genetic, and pathological analyses were performed on 4 affected cats. Gait disturbance and head tremors initially appeared at 1 to 19 months of age. These cats eventually exhibited dysstasia and seizures and died at 7 to 53 months of age. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed diffuse symmetrical intensity change of the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and cerebellum. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of urine showed significant excretion of NAA. Genetic analysis of the 4 affected cats identified a missense mutation (c.859G>C) in exon 6 of the ASPA gene, which was not detected in 4 neurologically intact cats examined as controls. Postmortem analysis revealed vacuolar changes predominantly distributed in the gray matter of the cerebrum and brain stem as well as in the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. Immunohistochemically, these vacuoles were surrounded by neurofilaments and sometimes contained MBP- and Olig2-positive cells. Ultrastructurally, a large number of intracytoplasmic vacuoles containing mitochondria and electron-dense granules were detected in the cerebral cortex. All 4 cats were diagnosed as spongy encephalopathy with a mutation in the ASPA gene, a syndrome analogous to human Canavan disease. The histopathological findings suggest that feline ASPA deficiency induces intracytoplasmic edema in neurons and oligodendrocytes, resulting in spongy degeneration of the central nervous system.

scholarly journals ‘Tanned’ gelatin spheres and granules for exclusion chromatography

1968 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Polson ◽  
W. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

1. The preparation of tanned gelatin spheres and granules from high-molecular-weight gelatin is described. This material is comparatively hard, giving high flow rates, is insoluble in water at temperatures between 0° and 100° and is resistant to digestion by trypsin and chymotrypsin. The high-molecular-weight fraction of gelatin was prepared by precipitation with polyethylene glycol, and the spheres and granules prepared from this fraction were hardened and insolubilized by tanning with either formalin or chromium salts or both. 2. The spheres and granules were used successfully for the separation of protein molecules and other protein-aceous materials ranging in molecular weight from 200 to greater than 6000000. This gel exclusion material has several properties superior to those of other products used for similar purposes. Further, it was noticed that the porosity of the spheres differed considerably from that of the granules.

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