Selection of Process Conditions by Risk Assessment for Apple Juice Pasteurization by UV-Heat Treatments at Moderate Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. GAYÁN ◽  
J. A. TORRES ◽  
I. ÁVAREZ ◽  
S. CONDÓN
Keyword(s):  
Apple Juice ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Logistic Distribution ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Uv C

The effect of bactericidal UV-C treatments (254 nm) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 suspended in apple juice increased synergistically with temperature up to a threshold value. The optimum UV-C treatment temperature was 55°C, yielding a 58.9% synergistic lethal effect. Under these treatment conditions, the UV-heat (UV-H55°C) lethal variability achieving 5-log reductions had a logistic distribution (α = 37.92, β = 1.10). Using this distribution, UV-H55°C doses to achieve the required juice safety goal with 95, 99, and 99.9% confidence were 41.17, 42.97, and 46.00 J/ml, respectively, i.e., doses higher than the 37.58 J/ml estimated by a deterministic procedure. The public health impact of these results is that the larger UV-H55°C dose required for achieving 5-log reductions with 95, 99, and 99.9% confidence would reduce the probability of hemolytic uremic syndrome in children by 76.3, 88.6, and 96.9%, respectively. This study illustrates the importance of including the effect of data variability when selecting operational parameters for novel and conventional preservation processes to achieve high food safety standards with the desired confidence level.

scholarly journals Improving Performance of an Open Cell Aluminium Foam through Electro-Deposition of Nickel

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Genna ◽  
Federica Trovalusci ◽  
Nadia Ucciardello ◽  
Vincenzo Tagliaferri
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Electro Deposition ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The aim of this work is to investigate the mechanical performances and corrosion resistance of open-cell aluminium foams with an electroplated nickel coating. The influence of two different electrolytic solutions on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance was studied: The Watts solution (nickel sulphate-based solution) and a nickel sulphamate solution (widely adopted). Scanning electron microscopy and stereoscopic analysis allowed for the estimation of the coating uniformity and adhesion to the substrate. In order to assess the improvement of performances, compression and corrosion tests were performed on coated and uncoated foams. In addition, annealing was investigated in relation to different operational parameters, related both to electro-deposition (electrolyte, deposition current and time) and to annealing (treatment temperature). From the results, the yield stress and the corrosion resistance improved. Moreover, the annealing at increasing temperature was found to reduce the yield stress, but Ni-coated foams showed higher values of stress for all the considered treatment temperatures.

scholarly journals UV-C irradiation as an alternative disinfection technique: Study of its effect on polyphenols and antioxidant activity of apple juice

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shajedul Islam ◽  
Ankit Patras ◽  
Bharat Pokharel ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Matthew J. Vergne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Uv C

Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in Milk by Pulsed Electric Field

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1203-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA D. REINA ◽  
Z. TONY JIN ◽  
Q. HOWARD ZHANG ◽  
AHMED E. YOUSEF
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Pulsed Electric Field ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Treatment Temperature

Pasteurized whole, 2%, and skim milk were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes Scott A and treated with high-voltage pulsed electric field (PEF). The effects of milk composition (fat content) and PEF parameters (electric field strength, treatment time, and treatment temperature) on the inactivation of the bacterium were studied. No significant differences were observed in the inactivation of L. monocytogenes Scott A in three types of milk by PEF treatment. With treatment at 25°C, 1- to 3-log reductions of L. monocytogenes were observed. PEF lethal effect was a function of field strength and treatment time. Higher field strength or longer treatment time resulted in a greater reduction of viable cells. A 4-log reduction of the bacterium was obtained by increasing the treatment temperature to 50°C. Results indicate that the use of a high-voltage PEF is a promising technology for inactivation of foodborne pathogens.

Combined Treatment with Hydrogen Peroxide and Ultra-violet Irradiation to Reduce Microbial Contamination Levels in Pre-formed Food Packaging Cartons

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1060-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE J. STANNARD ◽  
JOHN S. ABBISS ◽  
JOHN M. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Uv C

A treatment combining hydrogen peroxide and ultra-violet (UV-C) irradiation was assessed for reduction of microbial contamination in pre-formed food packaging cartons. There was a synergistic effect between low concentrations (0 – 5% wt/vol) of hydrogen peroxide and UV-C irradiation (10 s) on spores of Bacillus subtilis, the maximum lethality occurring between 0.5 and 1% peroxide. A combined treatment using 1% hydrogen peroxide and 10 s of UV-C irradiation was also effective against a variety of other organisms (spores and vegetative cells). The efficiency of the treatment was dependent on the type of inner surface of the carton. A greater lethal effect was obtained against B. subtilis spores in polyethylene-lined cartons than in aluminium/polyethylene laminate-lined cartons (5.1 and 3.5 decimal reductions in numbers respectively, using a combined treatment with 1% peroxide and 10 s of UV-C).

scholarly journals Phollower—The Universal Autonomous Mobile Robot for Industry and Civil Environments with COVID-19 Germicide Addon Meeting Safety Requirements

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Bačík ◽  
Peter Tkáč ◽  
Ladislav Hric ◽  
Stanislav Alexovič ◽  
Karol Kyslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Programmable Logic Controller ◽  
Mobile Platform ◽  
Programmable Logic ◽  
Autonomous Mobile Robot ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Robot Platform

This paper describes the development of Phollower—an autonomous mobile robot intended to perform various logistical tasks in both industrial and civil environments. Phollower is equipped with the latest types of industrial components and sensors. It also employs advanced embedded navigation and localization software to create its own virtual maps and thereby to navigate autonomously within the mapped area. The whole development process has been focused on building a device that meets European safety standards. Phollower is a universal mobile platform that can be quickly expanded with specialized add-ons. A germicidal add-on for disinfection of indoor areas using UV-C light is described as a technology that helps to battle with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The hardware topology combined with the proposed open Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) code and open-Powerlink communication bus creates a unique and easily extendable robot platform.

Effect of heat treatment on structure of nickel-based catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1484-1489
Author(s):  
Yingnan Dong ◽  
Meiling Tang ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Catalytic Particles

Nickel-based catalyst is the general-purpose catalyst with a wide application and good performance. Widely used in fine chemicals, petrochemicals and other industries, it has received continuous attention from researchers. Taking silica gel (SiO2) and HZSM-5 molecular sieves as carriers, and Ni(NO3)2 · 6H2O and Cu(NO3)2 · 3H2O as precursors, in the work we prepared a series of NiO/SiO2, NiO/HZSM-5 and NiCu/HZSM-5 catalysts by impregnation method. Focused on the effects of heat treatment (baking) temperature and time on the structure of the catalysts, the structure of the catalysts was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The results showed that in terms of carriers, HZSM-5 had stronger interaction with active metal particles than that SiO2 presented. It could better prevent the sintering agglomeration of catalytic particles during heat treatment, which is beneficial to preparing catalytic particles with smaller particle size. SiO2 exhibited better thermal stability for higher heat treatment temperatures and longer heat treatment time. At the same time, the heat treatment at the high temperature for a long time was liable to cause sintering growth of the active metal particles of the catalysts. The selection of suitable heat treatment process conditions was critical to obtaining the highly active nickel-based catalysts. The work briefly discussed the effect of heat treatment temperature and time on the structure of the catalysts, expecting to provide the useful reference for the preparation technology of supported nickel-based catalysts.

Unified Criterion for Brittle–Ductile Transition in Mechanical Microcutting of Brittle Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Cheng ◽  
X. T. Wei ◽  
X. H. Yang ◽  
Y. B. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Brittle Ductile Transition

Various brittle–ductile transition (BDT) criteria have been developed in the literature to estimate the critical conditions for ductile microcutting of brittle materials. This study provides a unified criterion to efficiently and accurately estimate the critical condition based on the indentation model on brittle materials. The unified criterion correlates with the cutting edge radius, material properties, and a dimensionless coefficient fitted by the experimental data. It shows that the cutting edge geometry is the dominant factor and the maximum undeformed chip thickness (MUCT) can be used as the unified criterion in BDTs. Based on the proposed model, microturning and micromilling have been analyzed to determine the threshold value of the MUCT for ductile microcutting. The model has been validated by the experimental data. Based on the models and three-dimensional geometrical model of microcutting, a further analysis shows that the process conditions greatly affect the microcutting efficiency even though all the conditions may achieve the ductile-regime cutting.

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