scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Coxiella burnetii Antibodies in Bulk Milk from Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in Jordan

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. Obaidat ◽  
Gilbert J. Kersh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Cattle Farms

ABSTRACT This large-scale cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence, geographical distribution, and risk factors for the presence of antibodies against Coxiella burnetii in bulk tank milk derived from dairy cattle, sheep, and goats in Jordan. Bulk milk samples were collected from 78 dairy cattle, 48 sheep, and 23 goat farms from various places in Jordan according to the density of these animal species in each region of the country. The samples were tested for C. burnetii antibodies using the CHEKIT Q-Fever Antibody ELISA kit. A standardized questionnaire was also used to collect data from each farm to identify and rank the risk factors for the presence of C. burnetii antibodies. The results revealed that 62.9% (95% confidence interval: 55.1 to 70.0%) of the tested ruminant farms were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Positive results were obtained from 70.9% (60.6 to 79.5%) of dairy cattle farms, 52.1% (38.3 to 65.5%) of sheep farms, and 56.0% (37.1 to 73.3%) of goat farms. Six factors were associated with the presence of these antibodies on cattle farms, and five factors were associated with these antibodies on sheep and goat farms (chi-square test). The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that large dairy cattle farms, farms that add new animals to the herd, farms that infrequently clean the feeders, and farms in particular areas are 28.6, 19.9, 8.0, and 6.4 times more likely, respectively, to have animals with C. burnetii antibodies. Sheep and goat farms that mix their animals with those from other farms, graze more than 5 km, and infrequently sanitize the feeders were 8.0, 0.06, and 13.6 times more likely, respectively, to have animals with C. burnetii antibodies. These data reveal the widespread exposure of Jordanian ruminants to C. burnetii and suggest a high risk for public health.

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in sheep flocks in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaibu Gidado Adamu ◽  
Junaidu Kabir ◽  
Jarlath Udo Umoh ◽  
Mashood Abiola Raji
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of Q fever in sheep in the northern part of Kaduna State, Nigeria. This study aimed to determine Coxiella burnetii infection and its risk factors in sheep in Kaduna State. A total of 400 blood samples consisting of 259 samples from females and 141 from males were aseptically collected from the jugular vein of sheep from flocks in Kaduna State. The sera obtained were screened for Q fever using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The obtained data were analysed to determine whether there is a relationship between sex, age, and the animals tested. The analysis revealed that 8.0% of the sera was seropositive by iELISA. There was no significant difference in Q fever seropositivity in the study area according to the sex of sheep (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in Q fever seropositivity according to the age of sheep. This study indicated a high seroprevalence of Q fever mainly among female animals and older sheep. Further studies are required to determine the epizootiology of Q fever in the study area more precisely.

scholarly journals Serological survey of Coxiella burnetii infections in dairy cattle, sheep, goats and zoo animals in Hungary – Short communication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Dobos ◽  
István Fodor ◽  
Gerda Kiss ◽  
Miklós Gyuranecz
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Zoo Animals

AbstractQ fever is a disease of high zoonotic potential, but interest in its causative agent is rather low although it causes some public health problems in Hungary. The prevalence of Q fever is highly variable by country. The main reservoirs of the disease are the same domestic ruminant species everywhere, but the epidemiological profile depends on the features of the specific reservoir. The aim of this large-scale study was to demonstrate the importance of Q fever in different species as a possible source for human infection in most regions of Hungary. A total of 851 serum samples from 44 dairy farms, 16 sheep flocks, 4 goat farms and 3 zoos located in different parts of Hungary were tested. The presence of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii was surveyed in dairy cattle (n = 547), goats (n = 71), sheep (n = 200) and zoo animals (n = 33). The animal species tested in Hungary showed different seroprevalence values of C. burnetii infection. Seropositivity by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found in 258 out of 547 (47.2%) cows and in 69 out of 271 (25.5%) small ruminants, among them in 47 out of 200 (23.5%) sheep and in 22 out of 71 (31.0%) goats. Antibodies to C. burnetii were not detected in zoo animals. Seropositivity was demonstrated in 44 out of 44 (100%) dairy cattle farms, with at least one serum sample found to be positive on each farm. The seropositivity rate of small ruminant farms was 55.0% (11 positive out of 20 tested), with 9 out of 16 (56.3%) sheep flocks and 2 out of 4 (50.0%) goat herds showing seropositivity.

Serological survey using ELISA to determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection (Q fever) in sheep and goats in Great Britain

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. LAMBTON ◽  
R. P. SMITH ◽  
K. GILLARD ◽  
M. HORIGAN ◽  
C. FARREN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Sheep And Goats

SUMMARYA survey of Coxiella burnetii infection (Q fever) in sheep flocks and goat herds in Great Britain was undertaken. A total of 5791 sheep (384 flocks) and 522 goats (145 herds) were examined for C. burnetii antibodies using an ELISA. Overall, 53 sheep (37 flocks), and four goats (four herds), tested positive. Estimates of individual animal, between-flock/-herd and within-flock/-herd crude prevalences were 0·9%, 10·2% and 9·0%, respectively, for sheep, and 0·8%, 3% and 26·3%, respectively, for goats. With sheep, the likelihood of an animal testing positive increased with total flock size (P = 0·002) and number of breeding ewes in the flock (P = 0·021). It also increased with number of goats within a 10 km radius (P = 0·038). There was no evidence for spatial clustering of positive herds above that expected by chance alone. No analysis of risk factors was attempted for goats because of the paucity of positives.

scholarly journals Seroreactivity and Risk Factors Associated with Coxiella burnetii Infection among Cattle Slaughterhouse Workers in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyuk Park ◽  
Seon Hwang ◽  
Dilaram Acharya ◽  
Seung Lee ◽  
Kyu Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Related Risk

Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, is a zoonotic disease that is an occupational hazard to people who work in close contact with animals or their carcasses. A nationwide serologic study among cattle slaughterhouse workers who were presumed to be at risk of having C. burnetii infection in South Korea was performed to investigate the seroreactivity of C. burnetii infection and identify related risk factors. Out of 1017 cattle slaughterhouse workers in South Korea, 923 (90.8%) participated in this cross-sectional study. Samples were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) antibodies against phase II C. burnetii via indirect immunofluorescence assay. The overall seroreactivity, defined as IgG or IgM antibody titer cutoffs ≥1:16, was 9.1% (84/923). Additionally, a significant association was found between the seroreactivity of C. burnetii infection and performing carcass evisceration work (odds ratio, 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.39–4.03) in multivariate analysis. To diminish C. burnetii infection, cattle slaughterhouse workers need to take precautions during the evisceration process.

scholarly journals Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) infection in dairy cattle and associated risk factors in Latvia

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (10) ◽  
pp. 2011-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BORODUSKE ◽  
J. TROFIMOVA ◽  
J. KIBILDS ◽  
U. PAPULE ◽  
M. SERGEJEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to describe prevalence and spatial distribution of Coxiella burnetii infections in dairy cow sheds in Latvia and to investigate risk factors contributing to C. burnetii infections. Blood serum samples from abortion cases from 1010 sheds have been tested by ELISA for the presence of C. burnetii antibodies and bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from 252 sheds have been tested by real time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA for the presence of C. burnetii DNA and antibodies. Prevalence of C. burnetii antibody-positive sheds in cases of abortion was 13·4%. A total of 10·7% and 13·2% of dairy cow sheds tested positive for the presence of C. burnetii DNA and antibodies in BTM, respectively. Two distinct areas of clustering of test-positive dairy cattle sheds were identified by spatial scan statistics of abortion cases and randomly sampled BTM samples. Three factors were identified as significantly contributing to the risk of C. burnetii DNA presence in BTM – number of cattle in shed (>200 animals/shed) (OR 3·93), location of the shed within risk area in Northern Latvia (OR 8·29) and for the first time, purchasing cattle from abroad has been shown to significantly increase risk (OR 2·68) of C. burnetii infection in dairy cows in Latvia.

scholarly journals Risk factors for an infection with Coxiella burnetii in German sheep flocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wolf ◽  
T. L. Prüfer ◽  
C. Schoneberg ◽  
A. Campe ◽  
M. Runge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Herd Level

Abstract In Germany, sheep are the main source of human Q fever epidemics, but data on Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) infections and related risk factors in the German sheep population remain scarce. In this cross-sectional study, a standardised interview was conducted across 71 exclusively sheep as well as mixed (sheep and goat) farms to identify animal and herd level risk factors associated with the detection of C. burnetii antibodies or pathogen-specific gene fragments via univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Serum samples and genital swabs from adult males and females of 3367 small ruminants from 71 farms were collected and analysed using ELISA and qPCR, respectively. On animal level, univariable analysis identified young animals (<2 years of age; odds ratio (OR) 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.83) to reduce the risk for seropositivity significantly (p < 0.05). The final multivariable logistic models identified lambing all year-round (OR 3.46/3.65; 95% CI 0.80–15.06/0.41–32.06) and purchases of sheep and goats (OR 13.61/22.99; 95% CI 2.86–64.64/2.21–239.42) as risk factors on herd level for C. burnetii infection detected via ELISA and qPCR, respectively.

Prevalence and risk factors for Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Dutch dairy cattle herds based on bulk tank milk testing

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. van Engelen ◽  
N. Schotten ◽  
B. Schimmer ◽  
J.L.A. Hautvast ◽  
G. van Schaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Cattle Herds

scholarly journals Q Fever: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors in Slaughter Livestock and Genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in South Africa

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Maruping Mangena ◽  
Nomakorinte Gcebe ◽  
Rian Pierneef ◽  
Peter N. Thompson ◽  
Abiodun A. Adesiyun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Game Animals

Q fever is a neglected zoonosis in South Africa, causing significant losses in livestock and game animals through reproductive disorders. However, there are limited studies on the extent of Coxiella burnetii infections in livestock in South Africa. Further, there is also lack of knowledge about the types of C. burnetii strains that are currently circulating in the country. Therefore, a cross-sectional, abattoir-based study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of C. burnetii and associated risk factors, and to characterize C. burnetii strains from slaughter livestock at red meat abattoirs in Gauteng, South Africa. Of the 507 animals tested, 6.9% (95% CI: 4.9–9.5%) were positive for antibodies against C. burnetii. The seroprevalence was 9.4% (31/331) in cattle, 4.3% (3/69) in sheep, and 0.9% (1/107) in pigs. Out of the 63 tissue samples from 35 seropositive animals including material from two sheep aborted fetuses from Mangaung district (Free State province), 12.7% (8/63) tested positive by IS1111 PCR. Genotyping of the eight PCR-positive tissues from eight animals by MLVA revealed two novel genotypes, not available in Coxiella MLVA databases. It is concluded that slaughter animals pose a risk of exposing abattoir and farm workers to C. burnetii in South Africa.

scholarly journals Herd–prevalence of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) antibodies in dairy cattle farms based on bulk tank milk analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khalili ◽  
Ehsanollah Sakhaee ◽  
Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian ◽  
Naser Shahabi-Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Herd Prevalence ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Cattle Farms

scholarly journals Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kädi Neare ◽  
Marilin Janson ◽  
Pirje Hütt ◽  
Brian Lassen ◽  
Arvo Viltrop
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk

Q fever is an emerging health problem in both humans and animals. To estimate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) antibodies in the Estonian population, we analyzed plasma samples from 1000 individuals representing the general population and 556 individual serum samples from five population groups potentially at a higher risk (veterinary professionals, dairy cattle, beef cattle, and small ruminant stockbreeders and hunters). Additionally, 118 dairy cow bulk tank milk samples were analyzed to establish the infection status of the dairy cattle herds and the participating dairy cattle keepers. Questionnaires were used to find the potential risk factors of exposure. The effects of different variables were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis and mixed-effects logistic analysis. The prevalence in veterinary professionals (9.62%; p = 0.003) and dairy cattle farmers (7.73%; p = 0.047) was significantly higher than in the general population (3.9%). Contact with production animals in veterinary practice and being a dairy stockbreeder in C. burnetii positive farms were risk factors for testing C. burnetii seropositive (p = 0.038 and p = 0.019, respectively). Results suggest that C. burnetii is present in Estonia and the increased risk of infection in humans is associated with farm animal contact.

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