Brucellosis Prevalence in Brazilian Slaughterhouses with Different Meat Inspection Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1073-1078
Author(s):  
MATEUS de SOUZA RIBEIRO MIONI ◽  
ACÁCIA FERREIRA VICENTE ◽  
MARINA GEA PERES ◽  
CAMILA MICHELE APPOLINÁRIO ◽  
BRUNA LETÍCIA DAVIDÉ RIBEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
State Inspection ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Inspection Systems

ABSTRACT In Brazil, meat inspection occurs in a decentralized manner and consists of three types: (i) federal inspection (SIF), (ii) state inspection (SISP), and (iii) municipal inspection (SIM). The objective of this work was to discuss the three current inspection systems through the apparent prevalence of bovine brucellosis, a zoonosis that has an eradication program implemented by the Brazilian government. Nine abattoirs from federal, state, and municipal inspection systems were assessed and 1,490 animals were sampled. Serology for brucellosis was determined by the rose bengal test and the complement fixation test. The overall apparent prevalence (and 95% confidence interval) of brucellosis was 2.2% (1.5 to 2.9%). Apparent prevalence stratified by inspection system for SIF, SISP, and SIM was 0.4% (0.0 to 0.9%), 2.0% (0.8 to 3.2%), and 4.3% (2.5 to 6.1%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the odds ratio for finding an animal positive for brucellosis among inspection systems. A statistical difference (P < 0.0015) was observed among surveillance systems, with SISP × SIF, SIM × SISP, and SIM × SIF having an odds ratio of 4,996, 2,304, and 11,494, respectively. Hence, the need for increasing official surveillance in state and municipal inspection systems seems to be necessary and could assist in the surveillance of bovine brucellosis and other diseases of interest to the federation. In addition, an increase in official presence would help to improve the selection of slaughtered cattle during ante- and postmortem inspection, with consequent impact on food safety and public health.

scholarly journals Product Inspection Methodology via Deep Learning: An Overview

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5039
Author(s):  
Tae-Hyun Kim ◽  
Hye-Rin Kim ◽  
Yeong-Jun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Quality Inspection ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Inspection Systems ◽  
System Maintenance ◽  
Test Scenarios

In this study, we present a framework for product quality inspection based on deep learning techniques. First, we categorize several deep learning models that can be applied to product inspection systems. In addition, we explain the steps for building a deep-learning-based inspection system in detail. Second, we address connection schemes that efficiently link deep learning models to product inspection systems. Finally, we propose an effective method that can maintain and enhance a product inspection system according to improvement goals of the existing product inspection systems. The proposed system is observed to possess good system maintenance and stability owing to the proposed methods. All the proposed methods are integrated into a unified framework and we provide detailed explanations of each proposed method. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, we compare and analyze the performance of the methods in various test scenarios. We expect that our study will provide useful guidelines to readers who desire to implement deep-learning-based systems for product inspection.

Artificial intelligence-based automatic visual inspection system for built heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman E. Mansuri ◽  
D.A. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Automatic Visual Inspection ◽  
Inspection Systems

PurposeHeritage is the latent part of a sustainable built environment. Conservation and preservation of heritage is one of the United Nations' (UN) sustainable development goals. Many social and natural factors seriously threaten heritage structures by deteriorating and damaging the original. Therefore, regular visual inspection of heritage structures is necessary for their conservation and preservation. Conventional inspection practice relies on manual inspection, which takes more time and human resources. The inspection system seeks an innovative approach that should be cheaper, faster, safer and less prone to human error than manual inspection. Therefore, this study aims to develop an automatic system of visual inspection for the built heritage.Design/methodology/approachThe artificial intelligence-based automatic defect detection system is developed using the faster R-CNN (faster region-based convolutional neural network) model of object detection to build an automatic visual inspection system. From the English and Dutch cemeteries of Surat (India), images of heritage structures were captured by digital camera to prepare the image data set. This image data set was used for training, validation and testing to develop the automatic defect detection model. While validating this model, its optimum detection accuracy is recorded as 91.58% to detect three types of defects: “spalling,” “exposed bricks” and “cracks.”FindingsThis study develops the model of automatic web-based visual inspection systems for the heritage structures using the faster R-CNN. Then it demonstrates detection of defects of spalling, exposed bricks and cracks existing in the heritage structures. Comparison of conventional (manual) and developed automatic inspection systems reveals that the developed automatic system requires less time and staff. Therefore, the routine inspection can be faster, cheaper, safer and more accurate than the conventional inspection method.Practical implicationsThe study presented here can improve inspecting the built heritages by reducing inspection time and cost, eliminating chances of human errors and accidents and having accurate and consistent information. This study attempts to ensure the sustainability of the built heritage.Originality/valueFor ensuring the sustainability of built heritage, this study presents the artificial intelligence-based methodology for the development of an automatic visual inspection system. The automatic web-based visual inspection system for the built heritage has not been reported in previous studies so far.

Abstract 3050: Assessment of Genetic Risk for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Among Hypertensive Patients

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimihiko Kato ◽  
Mitsutoshi Oguri ◽  
Tetsuro Yoshida ◽  
Takeshi Hibino ◽  
Kazuhiro Yajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Structural Formation ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Suspension Array

Introduction: Aneurysms and dissections at the thoracic aorta (TAA) are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the United States and Japan. Although hypertension is a major risk for TAA, several studies have indicated that genetic factors also influence the structural formation of TAA. The purpose of the present study was to identify gene polymorphisms associated with TAA among hypertensive patients for assessment of the genetic risk for this condition. Methods: This case-control study comprised 1351 hypertensive individuals, including 88 subjects with TAA and 1263 without any cardiovascular complications. The genotypes for 142 polymorphisms of 121 candidate genes were determined by a method that combines the polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes with suspension array technology. Results: Evaluation of genotype distributions by the chi-square test and subsequent multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and prevalence of smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome revealed that the T→G (3′ UTR) polymorphism of the thrombospondin 2 gene ( THBS2 ; odds ratio, 4.7) is significantly (P < 0.05) associated with TAA in hypertensive subjects, with the variant G allele representing a risk factor for this condition. Furthermore, the -110A→C polymorphism of heat-shock 70-kD protein 8 gene ( HSPA8 ; odd ratio, 0.3), the C→T (Pro198Leu) polymorphism of the glutathione peroxidase gene ( GPX1 ; odds ratio, 0.3), the -6G→A polymorphism of angiotensin 1 gene ( AGT ; odds ratio, 0.3), and the -850C→T polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor gene ( TNF ; odds ratio, 0.5) were significantly associated with this condition, with the variant allele of each polymorphism being protective against this condition. A stepwise forward selection procedure revealed that polymorphisms of THBS2 , HSPA8 , GPX1 , AGT , and TNF significantly affected the prevalence of TAA. Conclusions: Genetic variant of THBS2 may be a risk factor for TAA in hypertensive patients, whereas variants of HSPA8 , GPX1 , AGT , and TNF may be protective against this condition. Determination of genotypes for these polymorphisms may prove informative for assessment of the genetic risk for TAA.

scholarly journals Epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of Paraiba, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inácio José Clementino ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Dias ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Fernando Ferreira ◽  
Evelise Oliveira Telles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The State ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

This study was performed to characterize the epidemiological status of brucellosis in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. The State was divided into three regions. Herds were randomly sampled in each region and a pre-established number of animals were sampled in each of these herds. A total of 3,489 serum samples from 674 herds were collected. In each herd, an epidemiological questionnaire was conducted. This questionnaire focused on herd traits, as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of infection. The serum samples were screened for antibodies against Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal Test (RBT), and all positive sera were confirmed by the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME). The herd was considered positive if at least one animal had positive results for both the RBT and the 2-ME test. The prevalence rates of infected herds and animals in the State were 4.6% [3.2-6.5%] and 2.5% [1.1-3.9%], respectively. The prevalence rates of infected herds and animals in the regions were, respectively: region 1, 3.2% [1.5-6.6%] and 1.7% [0.5-5.7%]; region 2, 2.2% [0.9-5.2%] and 0.7% [0.3-1.7%]; and region 3, 7.9% [5.0-12.2%] and 3.2% [1.6-6.3%]. The risk factor (odds ratio, OR) associated with the presence of the infection was Zebuine as the predominant breed (OR=12.30 [1.32-114.64]).

scholarly journals Development and test of a visual-only meat inspection system for heavy pigs in Northern Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Ghidini ◽  
Emanuela Zanardi ◽  
Pierluigi Aldo Di Ciccio ◽  
Silvio Borrello ◽  
Giancarlo Belluzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Italy ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Inspection System

scholarly journals Analysis of Laser Sensors and Camera Vision in the Shoe Position Inspection System

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7531
Author(s):  
Jaromír Klarák ◽  
Ivan Kuric ◽  
Ivan Zajačko ◽  
Vladimír Bulej ◽  
Vladimír Tlach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Laser Sensors ◽  
Shoe Last ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Inspection Systems ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Inspection Task

Inspection systems are currently an evolving field in the industry. The main goal is to provide a picture of the quality of intermediates and products in the production process. The most widespread sensory system is camera equipment. This article describes the implementation of camera devices for checking the location of the upper on the shoe last. The next part of the article deals with the analysis of the application of laser sensors in this task. The results point to the clear advantages of laser sensors in the inspection task of placing the uppers on the shoe’s last. The proposed method defined the resolution of laser scanners according to the type of scanned surface, where the resolution of point cloud ranged from 0.16 to 0.5 mm per point based on equations representing specific points approximated to polynomial regression in specific places, which are defined in this article. Next, two inspection systems were described, where one included further development in the field of automation and industry 4.0 and with a high perspective of development into the future. The main aim of this work is to conduct analyses of sensory systems for inspection systems and their possibilities for further work mainly based on the resolution and quality of obtained data. For instance, dependency on scanning complex surfaces and the achieved resolution of scanned surfaces.

Abstract 1847: Prognostic Impact Of Previous Percutaneous Coronary Interventions On Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Multicentric Analysis FromThe German Federal State North-Rhine-Westphalia

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parwis Massoudy ◽  
Matthias Thielmann ◽  
Nils Lehmann ◽  
Anja Marr ◽  
Georg Kleikamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
German Federal State

Background: We have previously shown that multiple prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures adversely affect outcome after subsequent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We were now interested to investigate this effect on a multicentric basis. Methods: Eight cardiac surgical centers from the German Federal State of North-Rhine-Westphalia provided outcome data of 37140 consecutive patients having undergone isolated first-time CABG between 01/2000 and 12/2005. Twenty-two patient characteristics and outcome variables, which are part of a collection of data claimed by the national medical quality-control commission, were retrieved from the individual databases. Three groups of patients were analyzed for overall in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE): Patients without a previous PCI procedure, patients with 1 previous PCI procedure and patients with ≥2 previous PCI procedures before surgery. Unadjusted univariable and risk-adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis were applied. Computed propensity-score matching was performed based on 15 patient major risk factors to correct for and minimize selection bias. Results: A total of 10.3% of patients had 1 previous PCI procedure, and 3.7% of patients had ≥2 previous PCI procedures. Risk-adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis of ≥2 previous PCI significantly correlated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; confidence interval [CI], 1.4–3.0; P <0.0005) and MACE (OR, 1.5; CI, 1.2–1.9; P <0.0013). After propensity score matching, conditional logistic regression analysis confirmed the results of adjusted analysis. A history of ≥2 previous PCI procedures was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.9; CI, 1.3–2.7; P =0.0016) and MACE (OR, 1.5; CI, 1.2–1.9; P =0.0019). Conclusions: This large multicentric trial supports earlier results of our single-center analysis, multiple previous PCI procedures significantly increased the event of in-hospital mortality and MACE after subsequent CABG.

A Study on Radiation Imaging Mechanism and Characteristics in Different Inspection Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Xu ◽  
Zhifang Wu ◽  
Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Imaging ◽  
Image Characteristics ◽  
Inspection Systems ◽  
Small X ◽  
Large Container ◽  
Inspection Machine ◽  
Pseudo Color

Abstract Radiation imaging, as a key issue in nuclear technology, has received considerable attention in the industry. It is widely used in nuclear medicine, Customs supervision, and many other areas. The objective of this investigation is to get insight into the principle, operation characteristics and image characteristics of radiation imaging. In this paper, an investigation on radiation imaging is conducted on three main inspection systems for Customs supervision, including small X-ray inspection machine, CT baggage inspection system, and large container inspection system. The principle, operation characteristics, evaluation indexes, pseudo-color processing and image characteristics are discussed in detail. The results indicate that the spatial resolution of small X-ray inspection machine is much higher than that of CT baggage/goods inspection system and large container/vehicle inspection system. It is a challenge to identify substances and specific shapes in the case of overlapping for small X-ray inspection system. Moreover, the mechanism of X-ray images is discussed as well. The radiation images are divided into three types, including two-dimensional, pseudo-color, high spatial resolution; two-dimensional, gray, high spatial resolution; three-dimensional, pseudo-color, high density resolution. The further investigation on machine inspection images is suggested to focus on the application environment. For some objects with specific characteristics, such as amorphous, explosive, the CT baggage inspection has much better performance than other systems. The research in this paper reveals the mechanism, parametric effect and imaging characteristics. It could provide a necessary foundation for the follow-up intelligent processing, detection, identification and annotation for radiation imaging in nuclear area. The research on inspection devices could lend strong experience to medical treatment, industry and many other fields.

Few predictors of massive deep vein thrombosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 986-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hylton Joffe ◽  
Nils Kucher ◽  
Victor Tapson ◽  
Samuel Goldhaber
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryFactors that predispose to thrombus propagation from the femoropopliteal veins to the pelvic veins are poorly understood. Our goal was to determine whether there are characteristics that identify patients with massive deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We compared the 122 (2.5%) patients presenting with massive DVT (pelvic plus lower-extremity DVT) to the 4,674 (97.5%) patients with isolated lower-extremity DVT from a prospective United States multicenter DVT registry. Patients with massive DVT were younger (59.4±18.9 years vs. 64.3±16.8 years; p<0.01), less likely to have hypertension (40% vs. 51%; p=0.02), and more likely to smoke (21% vs. 13%; p=0.02) and have on- going radiation therapy (7% vs. 3%; p=0.02). The massive DVT group more commonly presented with extremity edema (80% vs. 69%; p<0.01) and erythema (21% vs. 12%; p<0.01) than the isolated lower-extremity DVT group. However, after multivariable logistic regression analysis, extremity erythema (adjusted odds ratio 1.86; 95% CI 1.13–3.04) was the only independent sequela of massive DVT and younger age (adjusted odds ratio 1.17 per decreasing decade of age; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.34) was the only independent predictor of massive DVT. Thrombus propagation from the femoropopliteal system cannot be reliably predicted using demographic or clinical characteristics.

scholarly journals Estimating vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza among children and adolescents in Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, 2012–2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MÖHL ◽  
L. GRÄFE ◽  
C. HELMEKE ◽  
D. ZIEHM ◽  
M. MONAZAHIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Federal States ◽  
German Federal States ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

SUMMARYInfluenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) has to be estimated anew for every season to explore vaccines’ protective effect in the population. We report VE estimates against laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and influenza B among children aged 2–17 years, using test-negative design. Pooled data from two German federal states’ surveillance systems for acute respiratory illness from week 40/2012 to 20/2016 was used, yielding a total of 10 627 specimens. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between laboratory-confirmed influenza and vaccination status were calculated by multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, illness onset and federal state. VE was estimated as 1-Odds Ratio. Overall adjusted VE was 33% (95% CI: 24·3–40·7). A strong variation of VE between the seasons and subtypes was observed: highest season- and subtype-specific VE of 86·2% (95% CI: 41·3–96·7) was found against A(H1N1)pdm09 in 7–17-year-olds in 2015/16. Low estimates of VE were observed against A(H3N2) in any season, e.g. 1·5% (95% CI: −39·3–30·3) in 2014/15. Estimates showed a tendency to higher VE among 7–17-year-old children, but differences were not statistically significant. Although our findings are common in studies estimating influenza VE, we discussed several explanations for observed low VE.

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