Detection of pesticide residues in vegetables sold in Changchun City，China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Jiang ◽  
Haicheng Gao ◽  
Xinxin Liu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Compound Pollution ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticides

In this essay we investigate mainly 18 pesticide residues with different chemical structures in fresh vegetables, including organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, carbamate pesticides and pyrethroid pesticides. At the same time, it is estimated that the potential health risks for residents. A total of 313 samples were collected from 12 kinds of vegetables from Changchun, the capital of Jilin Province,China. 18 pesticide residues in 313 samples were analyzed by Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) . Testing linearity was favorable in the range of 0.01 - 1.00μg/mL, R 2 ≥0.99, and the recovery rate of pesticides was 62% - 110%, the relative standard deviation < 5%, the detection limit of the pesticide is 0.0001 - 0.0167 mg / kg, the limit of quantification is 0.0002 - 0.0556 mg / kg. Overall, the detection rate of pesticides was 28.43%, and the detection rate and over-standard rate of celery were the highest, while the pesticide detection rate of potatoes was the lowest, and the pesticide exceeding rate of cucumber was the lowest. Three pesticides tested were not detected in the 18 pesticides including heptachlor, chlorpyrifos and permethrin. Among the 15 pesticides detected, the maximum risk factor of 7 pesticides is greater than 1 such as carbofuran, omethoate, phorate, dicofol, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos, which may cause potential harm to human health. In contrast others will be safe. It could not have significant perniciousness for people from the perspective of single pollution level,, but it is not ignored there are multiple pesticide residue compound pollution to endanger persons' health.

scholarly journals Distribution of Pesticides in Different Commonly Grown Vegetables of Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2937-2944
Author(s):  
Nusrat Munawar ◽  
Yang Farina Yang Farina ◽  
Mohammad Yaqoob ◽  
Abdul Nabi Abdul Nabi ◽  
Syed Munawar Shah Syed Munawar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Pca Analysis ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticides ◽  
Cameron Highlands

Gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) is used to extract and analyse pesticides in vegetable samples collected from Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. The limit of detection (LOD) for all pesticides was in the range of 0.03 to 4.5 ng g-1. Recoveries in cabbage, lettuce, and celery ranged from 61.8%-121%, 60-128% and 60%-114%, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged 0.2-15% in cabbage, 0.5-18% in lettuce and 3-19.8% in celery. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) concentrations increased down the valley with dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) having the highest concentration at 233 µg kg-1. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) were found to be dispersed throughout the valley, with the highest concentration of parathion ethyl (133 µg kg-1) whereas the pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs) concentrations were comparatively less. The detection frequency in the wet season was highest (5 < - < 100 µg kg-1) for most pesticides. However, in the dry season the pesticides concentrations were higher, at < 5 µg kg-1. PCA analysis indicated that farmers were using a mixture of pesticides.

Determination Method of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Fishs by GPC-GC-PFPD

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1002-1006
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Fan Gang Zeng ◽  
Wei Fang Ma ◽  
Qi Chun Dong ◽  
Hai Tao Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Determination Method ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Good Repeatability

The 10 organophosphorus pesticides in fish can be rapidly extracted and separated by gel permeation chromatography, and the lipin and organophosphorus pesticides of fish can be seperated. The interfering matters can be well eliminated in this condition, and analysis is more rapid than other methods. The residues of 10 organophosphorus pesticides at same time can be identified and quantified simultaneously by GC-PFPD. This method is simple, rapid, and the average recovery ratios were 71.7%-80.9%.Good repeatability was obtained in all the cases with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower 11%, and limit of detection was0.0003-0.004 mg·kg-1.

scholarly journals Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Winter Bamboo Shoots by Homogenate Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometric Detector

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Zhu Yu-Xin ◽  
Xu Liu-Yue ◽  
Feng Qi ◽  
Zhu Miao-Qin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Flame Photometric Detector ◽  
Photometric Detector ◽  
Bamboo Shoots ◽  
Homogenate Extraction ◽  
Relative Standard

Excessive use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in fruits and vegetables may affect human health. In this paper, a simple, rapid and effective method for the determination of five OPPs in winter bamboo shoots by gas chromatography-flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) was developed. Three extractants and three extraction methods were examined respectively. The results showed that the recovery rate was higher when the samples were extracted by acetonitrile and treated with homogenate extraction method. Under the optimized conditions, recoveries ranged from 82.12% to 91.48% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.51-4.20% and the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.005-0.02 μg/mL. Results showed that using acetonitrile as extractants and homogenate extraction in sample preparation is an effective method in determination of pesticide residues in winter bamboo shoots.

scholarly journals Analysis of Multi-Pesticide Residues and Dietary Risk Assessment in Fresh Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) from Local Supermarkets of the Metropolitan Region, Chile

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Sebastian Elgueta ◽  
Marcela Valenzuela ◽  
Marcela Fuentes ◽  
Pilar Ulloa ◽  
Cecilia Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Dietary Risk Assessment

In recent years, the official authorities in Chile have reported transgressions in the maximum residue levels of pesticides in fresh vegetables. There is no official information about traceability, pesticide levels, and potential health risks. The aim of this study was to analyse pesticide residues and their corresponding dietary risk assessments in tomatoes from supermarkets in the Metropolitan Region. Pesticides were extracted using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe, QuEChERS method, and their concentrations were determined by using chromatography with HPLC-FL/UV and GC-MS/ECD/NPD, following the Analytical Quality Control and Method Validation Procedures for Pesticides Residues Analysis in Food and Feed, SANTE guide and ISO 17025:2017 standard. In addition, a dietary risk assessment was carried out by comparing Chilean data to international references. The results reported that 9% of the samples had pesticide residue levels above the maximum residue levels permitted in Chile. All the scenarios evaluated revealed the highest estimated daily intake and hazard quotients for methamidophos and chlorpyrifos. Both the active substances used were acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and were neurotoxic under chronic risk assessment. The results showed the highest chronic hazard index in the Chilean scenario for all age groups and genders. The evidence obtained revealed that methamidophos, methomyl, and chlorpyrifos should be restricted for their use in Chilean agriculture.

Analysis of pesticide residues in drinking water samples using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled to a gas chromatography-electron-capture detector (GC-ECD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Chaturvedi ◽  
Rupender Kumari ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Murthy ◽  
Devendra Kumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Electron Capture Detector ◽  
Solid Phase Micro Extraction ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticides ◽  
Organochlorine And Organophosphorus Pesticides

The headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) method with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, 100 μm) fiber is a cost-effective technique for the determination of different pesticide residues in environmental and biological samples followed by a gas chromatography-electron-capture detector (GC-ECD). In the present study more than 147 water samples collected in and around Lucknow city were analyzed. The method detection limits and recovery percentages were found in the ranges of 0.05–0.20 μg/L and 87.1–95.3% respectively. The average concentration of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in water samples within the city were ranged between 0.258–0.829 μg/L and 0.143–0.294 μg/L respectively. Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in highway water samples ranged between 0.261–2.80 μg/L and 0.129–0.53 μg/L. Pyrethroid pesticides were not found in any of the water samples tested. The levels of pesticide residues were compared with their MRL values recommended by the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PFA), Government of India (1954).

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Home/Commercial Washing Strategies for Ten Typical Pesticide Residue Removal Effects in Kumquat, Spinach and Cucumber

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangliu Wu ◽  
Quanshun An ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Canping Pan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticides ◽  
Oxygen Solution ◽  
Alkaline Electrolyzed Water

Home processing can reduce pesticide residues in agricultural products, and the common forms of treatment include washing, peeling, blanching, and cooking. In this study, the removal effects of tap water, micron calcium solution, alkaline electrolyzed water (AlEW), ozone water, active oxygen, and sodium bicarbonate on 10 typical pesticide residues in kumquat, cucumber, and spinach were investigated. The residue magnitudes were determined by chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS), combined with the QuEChERS pretreatment method. The model tests showed that the results of soaking and greenhouse were close. The removal effects of pesticide residues in kumquat and cucumber washing by alkaline electrolyzed water with a high pH value, micron calcium, and active oxygen solution were better than other washing solutions. The sodium bicarbonate solution, ozone water, and active oxygen solution were more effective in reducing pesticide residues in spinach than others. Active oxygen solution showed a better removal efficiency for the 10 pesticides than other treatments because of its alkalinity and oxidizability. Among the ten pesticides, pyrethroid pesticides had a higher removal rate. Additionally, chlorpyrifos were the most difficult to remove. For the majority of pesticides, the pesticide residue magnitudes showed a gradual reduction when increasing the washing time. The results indicated that alkaline solutions were effective for the reduction of pesticide residues when the washing time was longer than 15 min.

scholarly journals Investigation of pesticide residues in surface water in some areas of agricultural production at Ho Chi Minh city

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
Phu Ly Sy Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Duc Do ◽  
Hien Thi To
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Residual levels of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in surface water in some agricultural areas at Ho Chi Minh City were investigated in 2012. Four organophosphorus pesticides including Malathion, Parathion, Ethion and Trithion and seven organochlorine pesticides including Alpha - HCH, beta-HCH, gammaHCH, aldrin, Heptachlor – epoxide, AlphaEndosulfan and Endosulfan-sulfate were determined in the surface water in four dicstricts : Binh Chanh, Hoc Mon, Cu Chi and Binh Tan using gas chromatographic method with electron capture detector (GCECD). The results showed that residues of pesticide were found with high concentrations in surface water in agricultural areas and pesticide residues changed depending on growth stages of crops. The concentration and distribution of pesticides were different in the water samples at different sites. Residues of pesticides such as Parathion, Ethion and Trithion were detected in surface water although these chemicals had been banned.

scholarly journals Quantification of Pesticide Residues in Retail Samples of Cowpea - Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
C. S. Okoye ◽  
C. E. Oguh ◽  
O. J. Umezinwa ◽  
C. C. Uzoefuna ◽  
B. C. Nwanguma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Dimethyl Phosphate ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
City State

Quantification of pesticide residues in retail samples of food is one way to determine the level of human exposure to these chemicals and hence their potential health hazards. The study was aimed at quantifying the level of some known pesticides in retail samples of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Cowpea) from two cropping seasons. Five cultivars of cowpea from two different harvest seasons (2016/2017 and 2017/2018) were purchased from Ogige Market, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. The cowpeas were identified based on city/state where they were cultivated. Two foreign samples were also purchased from London, UK. The pesticide residues were determined using gas chromatography coupled with electron capturing detector (GC-ECD). The results showed that the retail samples of cowpea contained residues of one or more organochlorines and organophosphates. The levels of post-harvest pesticides, 2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) in 2016/17 season (0.02 μg/g) exceeded the international permissible standards (0.01 μg/g). The levels of the pre-harvest pesticides, glyphosate was low in both seasons (0.01 μg/g) when compared to the international permissible standards (0.1 μg/g).  The DDVP was not detected in the two foreign samples. HCB (Hexachlorobenzene), α-HCH (alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane), Chlorpyrifos, g-chlordane, t-nonachlor, p-p’-DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), p-p’-DDE (Dichlorodiphenyldichlo-rowthylene), and p-p’-DDD (Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) were detected in the cowpea from two cropping seasons despite being banned from agricultural use. This could be due to the additional application of pesticides during storage of the cowpeas. The findings concludes that the levels of some of the residues exceeded the safety limits while some were below the safety limits, suggesting that some of samples of the cowpea were not safe for human consumption as bioaccumulation, persistence, and toxicity of these residues was likely to pose serious health risks to the consumers. Generally, cowpea from the 2016/17 season contained higher pesticide residues than those from the 2017/18 season.

scholarly journals Pesticide Residues and Health Risk Assessment in Tomatoes and Lettuces from Farms of Metropolitan Region Chile

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Sebastian Elgueta ◽  
Marcela Valenzuela ◽  
Marcela Fuentes ◽  
Pablo Meza ◽  
Juan Pablo Manzur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chilean Population

Over the last years, the detection of pesticide residues in the official food surveillance programs of Chile has been increased, mainly in fresh vegetables such as tomatoes and lettuces. The Metropolitana Region of Chile presents the highest detections in the country. The lack of evaluations of toxicological risks in human health have increased uncertainty of the potential effects of pesticides exposures in the Chilean population. This research aims to determinate health risks assessment of pesticide residues associated to tomatoes and lettuces produced in Metropolitana Region. The findings of this study reveal that tomatoes and lettuces cultivated in the MR show more than 50% of samples with one or multiple pesticides residues. From the total samples, 16% were over the Chilean Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). The main pesticides detected in tomatoes and lettuces were methamidophos, methomyl, difenoconazole, cyprodinil and boscalid. The results obtained using the official data of the Ministry of Health of Chile (MINSAL) compared to the World Health Organization (WHO), describe relevant risks through the Estimated Daily Intakes (EDI), Hazard Quotients (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) for the Chilean population due to high concentrations of methamidophos, methomyl and cyprodinil. More restrictions for the use of methamidophos, methomyl, difenoconazole, cyprodinil and boscalid and effective control programs should be implemented in order to mitigate the impacts on the Chilean population.

scholarly journals Determination of Low-Level Agricultural Residues in Soft Drinks and Sports Drinks by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory Validation

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Paske ◽  
Bryan Berry ◽  
John Schmitz ◽  
Darryl Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract In this study, sponsored by PepsiCo Inc., a method was validated for measurement of 11 pesticide residues in soft drinks and sports drinks. The pesticide residues determined in this validation were alachlor, atrazine, butachlor, isoproturon, malaoxon, monocrotophos, paraoxon-methyl, phorate, phorate sulfone, phorate sulfoxide, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) when spiked at 0.100 g/L (1.00 g/L for phorate). Samples were filtered (if particulate matter was present), degassed (if carbonated), and analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Quantitation was performed with matrix-matched external standard calibration solutions. The standard curve range for this assay was 0.0750 to 10.0 g/L. The calibration curves for all agricultural residues had coefficient of determination (r2) values greater than or equal to 0.9900 with the exception of 2 values that were 0.9285 and 0.8514. Fortification spikes at 0.100 g/L (1.00 g/L for phorate) over the course of 2 days (n = 8 each day) for 3 matrixes (7UP, Gatorade, and Diet Pepsi) yielded average percent recoveries (and percent relative standard deviations) as follows (n = 48): 94.4 (15.2) for alachlor, 98.2 (13.5) for atrazine, 83.1 (41.6) for butachlor, 89.6 (24.5) for isoproturon, 87.9 (24.4) for malaoxon, 96.1 (9.26) for monocrotophos, 101 (25.7) for paraoxon-methyl, 86.6 (20.4) for phorate, 101 (16.5) for phorate sulfone, 93.6 (25.5) for phorate sulfoxide, and 98.2 (6.02) for 2,4-D.

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