Motor Representations in Deafferented Humans: A Mechanism for Disordered Movement Performance

2018 ◽  
pp. 714-735
Author(s):  
Jerome Sanes
Keyword(s):  
Movement Performance ◽  
Motor Representations

Navigated multimodal presurgical evaluation of motor representations in patients with perirolandic tumors

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Schmidt ◽  
T Picht ◽  
R Fleischman ◽  
T Prokscha ◽  
K Irlbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Presurgical Evaluation ◽  
Motor Representations

scholarly journals Assessment of upper extremity movement performance of patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia C. S. Fonseca ◽  
Annika K. Nelke ◽  
Jörg Bahm ◽  
Catherine Disselhorst-Klug
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Acceleration Signals ◽  
Upper Extremity Movement

Abstract:Coping strategies of patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) are highly individual. Up to now, individual movement performance is assessed by visual observations of physicians or therapists - a procedure, which is highly subjective and lacks objective data. However, objective data about the individual movement performance are the key to evidence-based and individualized treatment. In this paper, a new approach is presented, which provides objective information about the upper extremity movement performance of patients with OBPP. The approach is based on the use of accelerometers in combination with a classification procedure. The movement performance of 10 healthy volunteers and 41 patients with OBPP has been evaluated by experienced physiotherapists and has been assigned to one of 4 categories representing the Mallet Scale (MS) IV to I. Three triaxial-accelerometers were placed at chest, upper arm and wrist of the affected side of the patient. Acceleration signals have been recorded during repetitive movements with relevance regarding daily life. Here, especially the results from the “hand to mouth” task are presented. From the 9 recorded acceleration signals 13 relevant features were extracted. For each of the 13 features 4 thresholds have been determined distinguishing best between the 4 patient categories of the MS and the healthy subjects. With respect to the thresholds each feature value has been assigned to the discrete numbers 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Afterwards, each discrete number has been weighted by a factor regarding the correlation between the feature’s value and the MS score. The resulting weighted discrete numbers of all 13 features have been added resulting in a score, which quantifies the individual upper extremity movement performance. Based on this score the movement performance of each patient has been assigned to the classes “very good”, “good”, “regular” and “bad”. All movements of the 10 healthy volunteers were classified as “very good”. The movement performance of two patients MS IV were classified as “very good” as well and the movements of the other 16 patients as “good”. The movements of the entire group of MS III patients fell into the class “regular”. Just one MS II patient was assigned to the class “regular” while the others were classified as “bad”. It was not possible to classify the movements of MS I patients. This was mainly due to the fact that none of these patients MS I was able to complete the task successfully. The developed approach demonstrated its ability to quantify the movement performance of upper extremity movements based on accelerometers. This provides an easy to use tool to assess patient’s movement strategies during daily tasks for diagnosis and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Strong age but weak sex effects in eye movement performance in the general adult population: Evidence from the Rhineland Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Annabell Coors ◽  
Natascha Merten ◽  
David D. Ward ◽  
Matthias Schmid ◽  
Monique M.B. Breteler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
General Adult Population

scholarly journals Determinants of the Sit-to-Stand Movement: A Review

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 866-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim GM Janssen ◽  
Hans BJ Bussmann ◽  
Henk J Stam
Keyword(s):  
Citation Index ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Seat Height ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Lower Maximum ◽  
Foot Position ◽  
Science Citation Index Expanded ◽  
Height Use

Abstract Background and Purpose. The sit-to-stand (STS) movement is a skill that helps determine the functional level of a person. Assessment of the STS movement has been done using quantitative and semiquantitative techniques. The purposes of this study were to identify the determinants of the STS movement and to describe their influence on the performance of the STS movement. Methods. A search was made using MEDLINE (1980–2001) and the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Institute for Scientific Information (1988–2001) using the key words “chair,” “mobility,” “rising,” “sit-to-stand,” and “standing.” Relevant references such as textbooks, presentations, and reports also were included. Of the 160 identified studies, only those in which the determinants of STS movement performance were examined using an experimental setup (n=39) were included in this review. Results. The literature indicates that chair seat height, use of armrests, and foot position have a major influence on the ability to do an STS movement. Using a higher chair seat resulted in lower moments at knee level (up to 60%) and hip level (up to 50%); lowering the chair seat increased the need for momentum generation or repositioning of the feet to lower the needed moments. Using the armrests lowered the moments needed at the hip by 50%, probably without influencing the range of motion of the joints. Repositioning of feet influenced the strategy of the STS movement, enabling lower maximum mean extension moments at the hip (148.8 N·m versus 32.7 N·m when the foot position changed from anterior to posterior). Discussion and Conclusion. The ability to do an STS movement, according to the research reviewed, is strongly influenced by the height of the chair seat, use of armrests, and foot position. More study of the interaction among the different determinants is needed. Failing to account for these variables may lead to erroneous measurements of changes in STS performance.

scholarly journals What happens to the motor theory of perception when the motor system is damaged?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Stasenko ◽  
Frank E. Garcea ◽  
Bradford Z. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Action Recognition ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Motor Theory ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
Neuropsychological Evidence ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
Speech Motor

AbstractMotor theories of perception posit that motor information is necessary for successful recognition of actions. Perhaps the most well known of this class of proposals is the motor theory of speech perception, which argues that speech recognition is fundamentally a process of identifying the articulatory gestures (i.e. motor representations) that were used to produce the speech signal. Here we review neuropsychological evidence from patients with damage to the motor system, in the context of motor theories of perception applied to both manual actions and speech. Motor theories of perception predict that patients with motor impairments will have impairments for action recognition. Contrary to that prediction, the available neuropsychological evidence indicates that recognition can be spared despite profound impairments to production. These data falsify strong forms of the motor theory of perception, and frame new questions about the dynamical interactions that govern how information is exchanged between input and output systems.

scholarly journals Wrist and finger motor representations embedded in the cerebral and cerebellar resting-state activation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Kusano ◽  
Hiroki Kurashige ◽  
Isao Nambu ◽  
Yoshiya Moriguchi ◽  
Takashi Hanakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Finger Movements ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Brain Activity Pattern ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSeveral functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated that resting-state brain activity consists of multiple components, each corresponding to the spatial pattern of brain activity induced by performing a task. Especially in a movement task, such components have been shown to correspond to the brain activity pattern of the relevant anatomical region, meaning that the voxels of pattern that are cooperatively activated while using a body part (e.g., foot, hand, and tongue) also behave cooperatively in the resting state. However, it is unclear whether the components involved in resting-state brain activity correspond to those induced by the movement of discrete body parts. To address this issue, in the present study, we focused on wrist and finger movements in the hand, and a cross-decoding technique trained to discriminate between the multi-voxel patterns induced by wrist and finger movement was applied to the resting-state fMRI. We found that the multi-voxel pattern in resting-state brain activity corresponds to either wrist or finger movements in the motor-related areas of each hemisphere of the cerebrum and cerebellum. These results suggest that resting-state brain activity in the motor-related areas consists of the components corresponding to the elementary movements of individual body parts. Therefore, the resting-state brain activity possibly has a finer structure than considered previously.

scholarly journals Cognitive and Physical Activity-Related Aspects of Children Associated to the Performance of the Crunning Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ewan Thomas ◽  
Marianna Alesi ◽  
Garden Tabacchi ◽  
Carlos Marques da Silva ◽  
David J. Sturm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Age Range

The aim of this investigation was to identify possible related factors associated to the performance of the crunning test in European children and adolescents. A total number of 559 children and adolescents (age range 6–14 years) of which 308 boys (55.1%) and 251 girls (44.9%), from seven European countries, were screened. A questionnaire concerning demographic and personal life-related factors and a cognitive assessment were performed. A regression analysis was conducted with the performance measures of the crunning movement. T-tests and ANCOVA were used to analyze sub-group differences. Boys have greater crunning performance values compared to girls (5.55 s vs. 7.06 s, p < 0.001) and older children perform better than younger ones (R2 −0.23; p < 0.001). Children with healthy and active habits (exercising or spending time with family members vs. reading or surfing the internet) performed better in the test. Children engaged in team sports had better crunning performances compared to those engaged in individual sports (6.01 s vs. 6.66 s, p = 0.0166). No significant association was found regarding cognitive-related aspects in either children engaged in team or individual sports and the crunning performance. Older and male children performed better in the crunning test than younger and female children. Physical activity-related aspects of children’s life are associated with crunning movement performance. No association was found between higher cognitive performance and the crunning test results.

scholarly journals Implicit Motor Imagery and the Lateral Occipitotemporal Cortex: Hints for Tailoring Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Conson ◽  
Roberta Cecere ◽  
Chiara Baiano ◽  
Francesco De Bellis ◽  
Gabriela Forgione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Implicit Motor ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Occipitotemporal Cortex ◽  
Biomechanical Effect ◽  
Motor Representations

Background: Recent evidence has converged in showing that the lateral occipitotemporal cortex is over-recruited during implicit motor imagery in elderly and in patients with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease. These data suggest that when automatically imaging movements, individuals exploit neural resources in the visual areas to compensate for the decline in activating motor representations. Thus, the occipitotemporal cortex could represent a cortical target of non-invasive brain stimulation combined with cognitive training to enhance motor imagery performance. Here, we aimed at shedding light on the role of the left and right lateral occipitotemporal cortex in implicit motor imagery. Methods: We applied online, high-frequency, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left and right lateral occipitotemporal cortex while healthy right-handers judged the laterality of hand images. Results: With respect to the sham condition, left hemisphere stimulation specifically reduced accuracy in judging the laterality of right-hand images. Instead, the hallmark of motor simulation, i.e., the biomechanical effect, was never influenced by rTMS. Conclusions: The lateral occipitotemporal cortex seems to be involved in mental representation of the dominant hand, at least in right-handers, but not in reactivating sensorimotor information during simulation. These findings provide useful hints for developing combined brain stimulation and behavioural trainings to improve motor imagery.

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