Everyday Knowledge and Uncommon Truths

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda K. Christian-Smith ◽  
Kristine S. Kellor
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Knowledge

Wer täuscht wen?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Daniel Strassberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
The Self ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Narrative Context ◽  
Everyday Knowledge

The insight that human beings are prone to deceive themselves is part of our everyday knowledge of human nature. Even so, if deceiving someone means to deliberately misrepresent something to him, it is difficult to understand how it is possible to deceive yourself. This paper tries to address this difficulty by means of a narrative approach. Self-deception is conceived as a change of the narrative context by means of which the same fact appears in a different light. On these grounds, depending on whether the self-deceiver adopts an ironic attitude to his self-deception or not, it is also possible to distinguish between a morally inexcusable self-deception and a morally indifferent one.

Usurpers of Technology: Train Robbery and Theft in Egypt, 1876–1904

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Li
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Grassroots Activism ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Wealth ◽  
Everyday Knowledge

Abstract This article examines banditry, embezzlement, and other insider crimes along Egyptian railway lines during a period when British officials exerted centralized control over the Egyptian railway and financial austerity had a negative impact on the rail sector. By exploring the motives and tactics of railway crimes, I posit that criminals, by making claims on and use of the technology outside the purview of state regulations, expressed their heterogeneous desires to redistribute social wealth, repurpose the technological promise of modern railways, and confound intentions of colonial governance. Using new archival materials, this article utilizes a bottom-up approach to examine grassroots activism, everyday knowledge, informal networks, and the social mores and norms that criminals harnessed to discern infrastructural vulnerabilities and elude surveillance from the colonial state. Ultimately, I contend that criminal acts uncovered social crises otherwise hidden under the shadow of the exterior prosperity and stability of late 19th-century Egypt.

scholarly journals Mathematical knowledge for teaching: Adding to the description through a study of probability in practice

Pythagoras ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 0 (63) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercy Kazima ◽  
Jill Adler
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Mathematical Knowledge For Teaching ◽  
Mathematical Work ◽  
Mathematical Problem Solving ◽  
Knowledge For Teaching ◽  
Scaling Down ◽  
Multilingual Classroom ◽  
Everyday Knowledge

In their description of the mathematical work of teaching, Ball,  Bass & Hill (2004) describe the mathematical problem solving that teachers do as they go about their work. In this paper we add to this description through our study of teaching of probability in a grade 8 multilingual classroom in South Africa. We use instances of teaching to highlight the mathematical problem solving that teachers might face as they work with learners’ ideas, both expected and unexpected. We discuss  the restructuring of tasks as an inevitable feature of teachers’ work, and argue that in addition to scaling up or scaling down of the task as Ball et al. (2004) describe, restructuring can also entail shifting the mathematical outcomes from those intended. We also point out how well known issues in mathematics education, for example working with learners’ everyday knowledge, and the languages they bring to class, are highlighted by the context of probability, enabling additional insights into the mathematical work of teaching.

Everyday Knowledge and Apothecary Craft: Pharmacopoeias of Ancient Northwestern Honduras

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Shanti Morell-Hart
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Everyday Knowledge ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Ancient Texts

Medicinal practices were critical in ancient societies, yet we have limited insight into these practices outside references found in ancient texts. Meanwhile, historic and ethnographic resources have documented how a number of plants, from across the landscape, are assembled into pharmacopoeias and transformed into materia medica. These documentary resources attest to diverse healthcare practices that incorporate botanical elements, while residues in the archaeological record (seeds, phytoliths and starch grains) point to a variety of activities, some of them therapeutic in nature. Focusing on four pre-Hispanic communities in northwestern Honduras, I draw upon ethnobotanical and ethnobiological knowledge to infer medical practices potentially represented by ancient plant residues. Comparing these findings with prior investigations, I address the limits of dividing taxa into mutually exclusive categories such as ‘food’, ‘fuel’ and ‘medicine’. I consider the importance of apothecary craft in past lifeways, as well as the persistence of many traditions in contemporary medical practice.

Skepticism and the Point of Knowledge

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-221
Author(s):  
Michael Hannon
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Persuasive Power ◽  
Epistemic Standards ◽  
Practical Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Everyday Knowledge ◽  
Skeptical Conclusion ◽  
Share Information

This chapter explores the relationship between philosophical skepticism and the concerns of daily life. The aim is to show that function-first epistemology can augment an argument against skepticism. The force of the skeptic’s argument, as well as our desire to reject the skeptical conclusion, is explained in the following way: our need to share information pushes us to accept stricter epistemic standards that might logically end at skepticism, but practical factors encourage us to formulate standards that stop short of skepticism. This tension creates an area of indeterminacy in which controversies about skepticism take place. This chapter explains the persuasive power of skepticism while also explaining why skeptical worries do not (and should not) threaten our everyday knowledge.

Stability and Change in Everyday Knowledge: From Taken for Granted to Social Representation

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-78
Author(s):  
Francesca Emiliani
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Everyday Knowledge

What do we talk about when we talk about everyday life? This chapter considers everyday life as a “metasystem” in Moscovici’s terms, a normative system that checks and organizes knowledge and thought. Looking at social representations theory, the chapter considers the structuring power of this metasystem, referring to two kinds of research where the absence (for deprived children) or suspension (in the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy) of everyday life causes delays in children’s development and dismay in adults. The suspension of ordinary life highlights the social representation of “normality.” The structure of the “everyday life” metasystem is largely taken for granted, and this calls into question the relationship between the taken-for-granted and the knowledge that constructs social representations or, in other words, between stability and change in common knowledge.

scholarly journals Categories of everyday knowledge in German professional discourse

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00063
Author(s):  
Natalia Shnyakina ◽  
Anna Klyoster
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Categorical Structure ◽  
Cognitive Action ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Of Cognition ◽  
Everyday Knowledge

The study of language as a cognitive phenomenon makes it possible to identify patterns of categorical division of the world. This paper considers the issue of the characteristics of everyday knowledge categories verbalization in professional discourse. On the basis of language fragments, objectifying ideas about the cognitive situation, through frame analysis, surface realizations of significant cognitive categories are investigated, among which are the subject of cognition, the object, the cognitive action, the instrument, the result, space and time. The named semantic nodes form the categorical structure of the frame behind the language fragment. The analysis demonstrates the compatibility of everyday and scientific knowledge division by a speaker; still, it illustrates the specificity of the language expression of frame nodes within the framework of professional discourse.

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