Wer täuscht wen?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Daniel Strassberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
The Self ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Narrative Context ◽  
Everyday Knowledge

The insight that human beings are prone to deceive themselves is part of our everyday knowledge of human nature. Even so, if deceiving someone means to deliberately misrepresent something to him, it is difficult to understand how it is possible to deceive yourself. This paper tries to address this difficulty by means of a narrative approach. Self-deception is conceived as a change of the narrative context by means of which the same fact appears in a different light. On these grounds, depending on whether the self-deceiver adopts an ironic attitude to his self-deception or not, it is also possible to distinguish between a morally inexcusable self-deception and a morally indifferent one.

scholarly journals Humanism in No Hana and Tsumi Shi No Hi By Abe Tomoji (Orientalism Study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Irvina Restu Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study was aimed at describing humanism in Shi no Hana and Tsumi no Hi by Abe Tomoji. This research was a literature research that used qualitative descriptive method. The data were in the form of text excerpts, both words, phrases and sentences containing humanism. The data were sourced from Shi no Hana novels and Tsumi no Hi by Abe Tomoji published by Shinbungeisha. The data collection techniques used was library research techniques. The collected data was then analyzed based on orientalism theory. To gain the valid result, a triangulation test was carried out, namely time triangulation. The result shows that Hinobe as an invader still maintains human nature, self-concept and freedom. The nature of human beings as individual beings is a feature of humanism in Shi no Hana and Tsumi no Hi. Despite being an invader, Hinobe realized his differences with other Japanese people regarding the ideals of peace. Freedom in Shi no Hana and Tsumi no Hi is divided into physical and psychological freedom, both of which are only Hinobe consciousness not realization. The self concept is divided into physical, attitude and intelligence.Humanisme dalam Shi No Hana dan Tsumi No Hi Karya Abe Tomoji (Kajian Orientalisme)Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan humanisme dalam Shi no Hana dan Tsumi no Hi karya Abe Tomoji. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sastra yang menggunakan metode deskrptif kualitatif. Data berupa kutipan teks, baik kata, frasa maupun kalimat yang mengandung humanisme. Data diperoleh dari sumber data berupa novel Shi no Hana dan Tsumi no Hi karya Abe Tomoji yang diterbitkan oleh Shinbungeisha. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik penelitian pustaka. Data yang sudah terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan mendasarkan pada teori orientalisme. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang benar-benar valid, dilakukan uji triangulasi, yaitu triangulasi waktu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Hinobe sebagai penjajah masih mempertahankan hakikat manusia, konsep diri dan kebebasan. Hakikat manusia sebagai makhluk individu menjadi keistimewaan humanisme dalam Shi no Hana dan Tsumi no Hi. Meskipun sebagai penjajah, Hinobe menyadari akan perbedaan dirinya dengan orang Jepang lain terkait cita-cita perdamaian. Kebebasan di dalam Shi no Hana dan Tsumi no Hi terbagi atas kebebasan fisik dan psikologis, yang keduanya hanya berupa kesadaran Hinobe bukan realisasi. Konsep diri terbagi menjadi penilaian fisik, sikap dan kecerdasan.

On the Contributions of Psychoanalysis to Psychiatry: Mechanism and Meaning

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (541) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Hill
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Therapeutic Art ◽  
Different Order ◽  
Psychic Reality

It has often been said that no one knows what psychoanalysis is—whether it is a science, one of the humanities, a particular type of therapeutic art, a religion or a form of semantic theory (Ryecroft 1968). There are those who postpone judgement, waiting to see whether psychoanalytical theory is refuted or accepted. This raises the question of the nature of theories developed to explain human nature, as opposed to those designed for the purpose of explaining physical nature. Failure to distinguish between them leads to much confusion. Consideration of human nature leads to what is exclusively and most significantly human—human experience, so-called psychic reality, a phenomenon unique to human beings, but shared to a certain extent by them, and capable of communication between them. Physical nature, both organic and inorganic, is of a different order of abstraction. Psychic reality, which cannot be directly perceived through the physical senses, is only directly experienced in the self, but can be communicated by language—and can be inferred from observation. Physical reality can only be perceived through the physical senses.

scholarly journals [The Formation of Mahmudah Morals as a Human Development Mechanism: Analysis of Tafsir Fi Zilal Al-Quran] Pembentukan Akhlak Mahmudah Sebagai Mekanisme Pembangunan Insan: Analisis Terhadap Tafsir Fi Zilal Al-Quran

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Azli Fairuz Bin Laki ◽  
Mohd Shafiee Bin Hamzah ◽  
Wan Hishamudin Bin Wan Jusoh
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Role Models ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Development Mechanism

Mahmudah morality is an important mechanism in human development. Man as a caliph is always exposed to morals mahmudah (praiseworthy) and morals mazmumah (reprehensible) throughout life on this earth. Thus, the Qur'an has used several methods in ensuring that human beings are developed with simple morals. Thus, this paper aims to look at the morals of the ignorant Arab society mentioned by the Qur'an and explain the methodology of the Qur'an in the formation of simple morals in developing their potential as superior human capital. To collect data, the author examines the contents of the Qur'an and collects verses related to the theme of morality. For the purpose of analysis, this study uses deductive methods to draw conclusions about the methodology of the Qur'an in applying simple morals in human beings. The results of the study found that the Qur'an uses four approaches in instilling good morals in human beings, namely the creation of role models, the narration of the stories of previous generations, parables and threats and encouragement. The four methodologies used by the Qur'an are able to ensure that good morals are always embedded in the self because it is an approach that is in accordance with human nature and instincts. Akhlak Mahmudah merupakan mekanisme yang penting dalam pembangunan insan. Manusia sebagai khalifah sentiasa terdedah kepada akhlak mahmudah (terpuji) dan akhlak mazmumah (tercela) sepanjang kehidupan di muka bumi ini. Justeru, al-Quran telah menggunakan beberapa metode dalam memastikan manusia dibangunkan dengan akhlak mahmudah. Justeru, kertas ini bertujuan untuk melihat akhlak masyarakat Arab jahiliah yang disebut oleh al-Quran dan menjelaskan metodologi al-Quran dalam pembentukan akhlak mahmudah dalam membangunkan potensi mereka sebagai modal insan yang unggul. Bagi mengumpul data, penulis meneliti kandungan kitab al-Quran dan mengumpulkan ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan tema akhlak. Bagi tujuan analisis, kajian ini menggunakan metode deduktif bagi membuat kesimpulan tentang metodologi al-Quran dalam menerapkan akhlak mahmudah dalam diri insan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa al-Quran menggunakan empat pendekatan dalam menanamkan akhlak mahmudah dalam diri manusia iaitu pewujudan suri teladan, penceritaan kisah-kisah generasi terdahulu, perumpamaan dan ancaman serta dorongan. Keempat-empat metodologi yang digunakan al-Quran ini mampu memastikan akhlak mahmudah sentiasa tertanam dalam diri kerana ia merupakan pendekatan yang sesuai dengan fitrah dan naluri manusia.  

Persons Together

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Mittleman
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
The Image Of God

This chapter moves into the political and economic aspects of human nature. Given scarcity and interdependence, what sense has Judaism made of the material well-being necessary for human flourishing? What are Jewish attitudes toward prosperity, market relations, labor, and leisure? What has Judaism had to say about the political dimensions of human nature? If all humans are made in the image of God, what does that original equality imply for political order, authority, and justice? In what kinds of systems can human beings best flourish? It argues that Jewish tradition shows that we act in conformity with our nature when we elevate, improve, and sanctify it. As co-creators of the world with God, we are not just the sport of our biochemistry. We are persons who can select and choose among the traits that comprise our very own natures, cultivating some and weeding out others.

The Goodness of Home

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Marandiuc
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Divine Love ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Middle Term ◽  
Human Love ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Theological Argument

The question of what home means and how it relates to subjectivity has fresh urgency in light of pervasive contemporary migration, which ruptures the human self, and painful relational poverty, which characterizes much of modern life. Yet the Augustinian heritage that situates true home and right attachment outside this world has clouded theological conceptualizations of earthly belonging. This book engages this neglected topic and argues for the goodness of home, which it construes relationally rather than spatially. In dialogue with research in the neuroscience of attachment theory and contemporary constructions of the self, the book advances a theological argument for the function of love attachments as sources of subjectivity and enablers of human freedom. The book shows that paradoxically the depth of human belonging—thus, dependence—is directly proportional to the strength of human agency—hence, independence. Building on Søren Kierkegaard’s imagery alongside other sources, the book depicts human love as interwoven with the infinite streams of divine love, forming a sacramental site for God’s presence, and playing a constitutive role in the making of the self. The book portrays the self both as gifted from God in inchoate form and as engaged in continuous, albeit nonlinear becoming via experiences of human love. The Holy Spirit indwells the attachment space between human beings as a middle term preventing its implosion or dissolution and conferring a stability that befits the concept of home. The interstitial space between loving human persons subsists both anthropologically and pneumatologically and generates the self’s home.

Virtues, Inclinations, and Oneness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Ivanhoe
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
The Self ◽  
Virtuous Action

This chapter develops various implications of the oneness hypothesis when applied to theories of virtue, drawing on several claims that are closely related to the hypothesis. Many of the views introduced and defended are inspired by neo-Confucianism and so the chapter offers an example of constructive philosophy bridging cultures and traditions. It focuses on Foot’s theory, which holds that virtues correct excesses or deficiencies in human nature. The alternative maintains that vices often arise not from an excess or deficiency in motivation but from a mistaken conception of self, one that sees oneself as somehow more important than others. The chapter goes on to argue that such a view helps address the “self-centeredness objection” to virtue ethics and that the effortlessness, joy, and wholeheartedness that characterizes fully virtuous action are best conceived as a kind of spontaneity that affords a special feeling of happiness dubbed “metaphysical comfort.”

scholarly journals Intergroup Dialogues in the Landscape of Digital Societies: How Does the Dialogical Self Affect Intercultural Relations in Online Contexts?

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Chiara Imperato ◽  
Tiziana Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
The Self ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intercultural Relations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dialogical Self ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Theory Research

The effects of intergroup dialogues on intercultural relations in digital societies and the growing conflict, inflammatory and hate speech phenomena characterizing these environments are receiving increasing attention in socio-psychological studies. Based on Allport’s contact theory, scholars have shown that online intercultural contact reduces ethnic prejudice and discrimination, although it is not yet clear when and how this occurs. By analyzing the role of the Dialogical Self in online intercultural dialogues, we aim to understand how individuals position themselves and others at three levels of inclusiveness—personal, social, and human—and how this process is associated with attitudes towards the interlocutor, intergroup bias and prejudice, whilst also considering the inclusion of the Other in the Self and ethnic/racial identity. An experimental procedure was administered via the Qualtrics platform, and data were collected among 118 undergraduate Italian students through an anonymous questionnaire. From ANOVA and moderation analysis, it emerged that the social level of inclusiveness was positively associated with ethnic/racial identity and intergroup bias. Furthermore, the human level of inclusiveness was associated with the inclusion of the Other in the Self and ethnic/racial identity, and unexpectedly, also with intergroup bias. We conclude that when people interact online as “human beings”, the positive effect of online dialogue fails, hindering the differentiation processes necessary to define one’s own and the interlocutor’s identities. We discuss the effects of intercultural dialogue in the landscape of digital societies and the relevance of our findings for theory, research and practice.

The Self beyond Somatic Symptoms: A Narrative Approach to Self-Experience in Adolescent Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan M. van Geelen ◽  
Coralie E. Fuchs ◽  
Rolf van Geel ◽  
Patrick Luyten ◽  
Elise M. van de Putte
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
The Self ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome

On the Harm of Genocide

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Paul Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Community Or ◽  
The World ◽  
Scholarly Discussion ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Individual Human ◽  
The Human Condition

My aim in this essay is to advance the state of scholarly discussion on the harms of genocide. The most obvious harms inflicted by every genocide are readily evident: the physical harm inflicted upon the victims of genocide and the moral harm that the perpetrators of genocide inflict upon themselves. Instead, I will focus on a kind of harm inflicted upon those who are neither victims nor perpetrators, on those who are outside observers, so to speak. My thesis will be that when a whole community or culture is eliminated, or even deeply wounded, the world loses an avenue for insight into the human condition. My argument is as follows. In order to understand human nature, and that which promotes its flourishing, we must certainly study individual human beings. But since human beings as rational and linguistic animals are in part constituted by the communities in which they live, the study of human nature should also involve the study of communities and cultures—both those that are well ordered and those that are not. No one community or culture has expressed all that can be said about the human way of existing and flourishing. And given that the unity and wholeness of human nature can only be glimpsed in a variety of communities and cultures, then part of the harm of genocide consists in the removal of a valuable avenue for human beings to better understand themselves.

A Study of the Relationship between a Personal Philosophy of Human Nature (Good or Evil) and Self-Esteem

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Martin ◽  
Garland E. Blair ◽  
Robert M. Nevels ◽  
Mary M. Brant
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Personal Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

The present study was undertaken to estimate the relationship between a personal philosophy of human nature (whether man is essentially good or evil) and an individual's self-esteem, as measured by the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory and the Self-esteem scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory. For 19 male and 21 female undergraduate students, correlations of age and sex with self-esteem were calculated. The multivariate analysis of variance indicated a nonsignificant relation between scores on philosophy of human nature of students and their scores on the two measures of self-esteem. Correlations of age and sex with self-esteem were also nonsignificant. The Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory scores and those on the Self-esteem scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory were significantly correlated at .59.

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