Theoretical Models and Research Findings

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Irene C. Mammarella ◽  
Ramona Cardillo ◽  
Jessica Broitman
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Research Findings

Toward a conceptual model for successful transgender aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 147332502199466
Author(s):  
Steffany Sloan ◽  
Jacquelyn J Benson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Resilience Factors

Transgender older adults have been subject to life-long stigma and marginalization, resulting in significant social and health consequences. Despite these challenges, this population commonly reports thriving in later life. In order to attend to nuanced experiences of older transgender adults, theoretical models of successful aging must reflect complexities presented by gender minority status. In order to address theoretical gaps, a systematic qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted to summarize findings across the body of qualitative transgender aging research. Findings indicated that transgender older adults conceptualize successful aging through the process of embracing gender identity. Themes were identified to conceptualize successful transgender aging such as gender expression, shedding internalized stigma, and championing a resilience mindset. Implications for social work practice are provided, suggesting a more comprehensive understanding of both challenges and resilience factors amongst the aging transgender population.

scholarly journals Atmospherics and the establishment of long-term customer relationships in a retail environment

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
I. Olivier ◽  
M. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Psychology ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors

With the current focus on establishing long-tenn customer relationships, the enhancement of the entire shopping experience and the role of atmosphere and the emotional reactions it elicits, are becoming increasingly important. Determining the factors that contribute to the creation of pleasant or unpleasant shopping experiences can influence future strategic planning. The focus of this study falls on the way that the physical environmental factors of a store, more specifically the environmental odour, affect consumers' emotional responses. This is discussed on the basis of environmental psychology, using certain research findings as well as theoretical models to shed more light on this topic.

Job-Search Behavior as a Multidimensional Construct: A Review of Different Job-Search Behaviors and Sources

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greet van Hoye
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Job Search Behavior ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Unidimensional Construct ◽  
Search Behaviors ◽  
Search Quality

Both theoretical models of job search and empirical research findings suggest that job-search behavior is not a unidimensional construct. This chapter addresses the multidimensionality of job-search behavior and provides a systematic review of the different job-search behaviors and sources studied in the job-search literature and their relationships with antecedent variables and employment outcomes. Organized within three major dimensions (effort/intensity, content/direction, and temporal/persistence), job-search effort and intensity, job-search strategies, preparatory and active job-search behaviors, formal and informal job sources, specific job-search behaviors, job-search quality, job-search dynamics, and job-search persistence are discussed. This review strongly suggests that it is essential to consider all the dimensions of job-search behavior for understanding job-search success in both practice and research. This study points to a number of key implications for job seekers and employment counselors as well as crucial directions for future research.

Navigating Kaupapa Māori Fields of Knowledge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Macfarlane ◽  
Sonja Macfarlane ◽  
Toby Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Kaupapa Māori ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Indigenous Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Partnership Approach

In the context of Māori and Indigenous ways of knowing, a recurring theme in professional educative discourse is the notion that it would be advantageous for educators and researchers to attain enhanced understandings of Māori worldviews, Maōri histories, Maōri experiences of struggle, Māori lived realities—and of the nascent, yet optimistic, contentions by Māori about their roles in theoretical developments and educational jurisdictions. How might adopting a power-sharing partnership approach within these parameters strengthen research endeavors? How might such an approach be mutually beneficial? How might it be monitored? These and other questions continue to be posed by Māori. What is consistently being recommended by Māori is the need for researchers to broaden and deepen their awareness and respect for knowledge that flows from different, yet potentially complementary, streams—in this case, the Māori and Western knowledge streams. Progress is happening, but it is not embedded within the culture or research that is with, about and for Māori. We argue that it is now timely for social scientists, cultural critics, political analysis, research funders, and academics to move from commentary to commitment. In this article, the authors propose that by exploring Māori philosophies and developing a deeper and more meaningful understanding of theoretical models that can potentially enhance and deepen cultural awareness, both Māori and non-Māori researchers can be assisted and supported, in their respective fields, to achieve more culturally robust, inclusive, and sustainable research findings. Such models provide frameworks—in essence, an adaptable set of options—for research operations that acknowledge voices, histories, and contributions and thereby support both cultural enhancement and culturally safe research practice.

Safety Culture: An Integration of Existing Models and a Framework for Understanding Its Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 001872081986887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M. Bisbey ◽  
Molly P. Kilcullen ◽  
Eric J. Thomas ◽  
Madelene J. Ottosen ◽  
KuoJen Tsao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Culture ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Organizational Safety ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Literature Base ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Over Time

Objective:This study reviews theoretical models of organizational safety culture to uncover key factors in safety culture development.Background:Research supports the important role of safety culture in organizations, but theoretical progress has been stunted by a disjointed literature base. It is currently unclear how different elements of an organizational system function to influence safety culture, limiting the practical utility of important research findings.Method:We reviewed existing models of safety culture and categorized model dimensions by the proposed function they serve in safety culture development. We advance a framework grounded in theory on organizational culture, social identity, and social learning to facilitate convergence toward a unified approach to studying and supporting safety culture.Results:Safety culture is a relatively stable social construct, gradually shaped over time by multilevel influences. We identify seven enabling factors that create conditions allowing employees to adopt safety culture values, assumptions, and norms; and four behaviors used to enact them. The consequences of these enacting behaviors provide feedback that may reinforce or revise held values, assumptions, and norms.Conclusion:This framework synthesizes information across fragmented conceptualizations to clearly depict the dynamic nature of safety culture and specific drivers of its development. We suggest that safety culture development may depend on employee learning from behavioral outcomes, conducive enabling factors, and consistency over time.Application:This framework guides efforts to understand and develop safety culture in practice and lends researchers a foundation for advancing theory on the complex, dynamic processes involved in safety culture development.

Factors influencing farmer’s perceptions and behavior toward pesticide use in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-792
Author(s):  
Jamal Ali ◽  
Norhafezah Yusof ◽  
Fadzli Shah Abd. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Compliance Behavior ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Effective Program ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors believed to influence the behavior of 1,042 rice farmers in Malaysia regarding the overuse of pesticides. Frequent overuse of pesticide will have an impact on human health and the environment, which lead to greater expenditure on health care. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical models of compliance behavior tested include the basic deterrence model, which focuses on the enforcement of regulation as a key determinant of compliance. The models integrate economic theory with theories of social behavior to account for motivations expected, influencing individuals’ decisions on whether to follow the regulation on using pesticides. Findings Significance tests reported that the information regarding the danger of using pesticides, the perception toward the impact on the environment and the expected impact on health influences the compliance behavior of using pesticides. Research limitations/implications These findings highlight the necessity for the policy makers to design an effective program which gives more information and provide training related to the risk and the safe handling of pesticides. Practical implications The farmers who receive information and training related to handling of pesticides become more cautious in the use of pesticides. Countries involved in agriculture and the use of pesticides widely by their farmers need to emphasize continuous training and periodic information dissemination. Social implications The implication drawn is rice farmers should be encouraged to practice new methods in rice planting, especially in the integrated pest management method. Originality/value These research findings suggest that the overuse of pesticides in the rice farming continues to be an important problem.

scholarly journals Isokinetic Analysis of Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14Y2C15B6 Bulk Metallic Glass: Effect of Minor Copper Addition

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3704
Author(s):  
Parisa Rezaei-Shahreza ◽  
Amir Seifoddini ◽  
Saeed Hasani ◽  
Zahra Jaafari ◽  
Agata Śliwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Avrami Exponent ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Minor Addition ◽  
Copper Addition ◽  
Mold Casting ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Dimensionality Of Growth

In the present study, (Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14Y2C15B6)100−xCux (x = 0, 0.25 and 0.5 at.%) amorphous alloys were prepared by copper-mold casting. To clarify the effect of the minor addition of copper on the mechanism of nucleation and growth during the crystallization process, an isokinetic analysis was performed. The activation energies (E) of the various crystallization stages were calculated by using theoretical models including Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Augis–Bennett and Gao–Wang methods. In addition, Augis–Bennett, Gao–Wang and Matusita methods were used to investigate the nucleation and growth mechanisms and to determine other kinetic parameters including Avrami exponent (n), the rate constant (Kp) and dimensionality of growth (m). The obtained results revealed that the activation energy—as well as thermal stability—was changed with minor addition of copper. In addition, the obtained Avrami exponent values were confirmed by Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) method. The research findings demonstrated that the value of Avrami exponent is changed with minor addition of copper, so that the Avrami exponents of all crystallization stages, except the second peak for copper-free amorphous alloy, were equal to integer values ranging from two to four, indicating that the growth mechanisms were controlled by interface. Moreover, the kinetic parameters of n and b for all peaks were increased by an increase in crystallization temperature, which can be attributed to the increase in the nucleation rate.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Intention to Use Cross-Border Mobile Payments in Korea among Chinese Tourists: An Integrated Perspective of UTAUT2 with TTF and ITM

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1537-1556
Author(s):  
Run-Ze Wu ◽  
Jong-Ho Lee ◽  
Xiu-Fu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Initial Trust ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Task Technology Fit

With the acceleration of global economic integration and digital economy, cross-border mobile payment has gained growing attention. On the other hand, as COVID-19 keeps on spreading, the popularization of cross-border mobile payment can lower the risk of infection caused by cash payment of tourists. However, though previous researchers already examined mobile payment users’ behavioral intention from different perspectives, these research findings tend to concentrate on the non-cross-border section of mobile payment. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine factors influencing cross-border mobile payment use intention from the user perspective, and combining three theoretical models, chiefly UTAUT2 (extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology), ITM (initial trust model), and TTF (task technology fit). In this research, 786 Chinese with the experience of using cross-border mobile payment while traveling to South Korea are adopted as respondents, and the structural equation model is used to empirically analyze the data of these research samples. The study found that initial trust, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, price value, task technology fit, and initial trust have significant effects on use intention. Research findings of this paper can deepen people’s understanding of users’ intention to use cross-border mobile payment, and provide theoretical support for the development of cross-border mobile payment.

scholarly journals A Novel Prediction Model for Car Body Vibration Acceleration Based on Correlation Analysis and Neural Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubin Zheng ◽  
Qianwen Zhong ◽  
Xiaodong Chai ◽  
Xingjie Chen ◽  
Lele Peng
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Training Algorithms ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Vibration Acceleration ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Car Body ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Research Findings

This paper aims to create a prediction model for car body vibration acceleration that is reliable, effective, and close to real-world conditions. Therefore, a huge amount of data on railway parameters were collected by multiple sensors, and different correlation coefficients were selected to screen out the parameters closely correlated to car body vibration acceleration. Taking the selected parameters and previous car body vibration acceleration as the inputs, a prediction model for car body vibration acceleration was established based on several training algorithms and neural network structures. Then, the model was successfully applied to predict the car body vibration acceleration of test datasets on different segments of the same railway. The results show that the proposed method overcomes the complexity and uncertainty of the multiparameter coupling analysis in traditional theoretical models. The research findings boast a great potential for application.

Interparental conflict and child adjustment: main concepts and research findings

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Hanna Przybyła-Basista
Keyword(s):  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Child Adjustment ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Constructive Conflict ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
Research Findings

Abstract This is a review study of theoretical frameworks and research findings concerning the relationship between marital conflict and children’s response. The main focus is on understanding the mechanisms connecting marital conflict to child adjustment. Two main theoretical models are discussed, namely, Cognitive-Contextual Framework by Grych and Fincham (1990) and Emotional Security Hypothesis by Davies and Cummings (1994). The analysis shows that marital conflicts are associated with a wide range of children’s adjustment problems. Parental destructive conflict patterns are associated with children’s behavioral problems, whereas positive emotionality and constructive conflict resolution lead to children’s positive or even neutral reactions to marital problems. Results are presented on how useful psychoeducational programs are for parents that prevent negative marital conflict effects on children.

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