Practical ways for exploring existential issues in supervision

Author(s):  
Monica Hanaway
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Wheelock

Although primarily known as a feminist scholar and author of such works as She Came to Stay and The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir contributed heavily to French existential thought. The two writings upon which this paper focuses, The Ethics of Ambiguity and The Woman Destroyed, deal with the existential issues involved in human interactions and personal relationships. The Ethics of Ambiguity, famous as an exploration of the ethical code created by existential theory, begins with a criticism of Marxism and the ways in which it deviates from existentialism. Similarly, the first of the three short stories that make up de Beauvoir’s fictional work The Woman Destroyed follows the French intelligentsia and their similarities and digressions from Marxist and existential thought. In this paper, I seek to analyze Simone de Beauvoir’s criticism of Marxist theory in The Ethics of Ambiguity and its transformation into the critique of intellectualism found twenty years later in The Woman Destroyed. I will investigate Marxism’s alleged attempts to constrain the group it wishes to lead and the motivation behind these actions. Finally, I conclude with a discussion of the efficacy of fiction as a medium for de Beauvoir’s philosophy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanan Hirano ◽  
Kentaro Oba ◽  
Toshiki Saito ◽  
Shohei Yamazaki ◽  
Ryuta Kawashima ◽  
...  

Abstract Facing one’s own death and managing the fear of death are important existential issues, particularly in older populations. Although recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have investigated brain responses to death-related stimuli, none has examined whether this brain activation was specific to one’s own death or how it was related to dispositional fear of death. In this study, during fMRI, 34 elderly participants (aged, 60–72 years) were presented with either death-related or death-unrelated negative words and asked to evaluate the relevance of these words to the “self” or the “other.” The results showed that only the left supplementary motor area (SMA) was selectively activated during self-relevant judgments of death-related words. Regression analyses of the effect of fear of death on brain activation during death-related thoughts identified a significant negative linear correlation in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and an inverted-U-shaped correlation in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) only during self-relevant judgments. Our results suggest potential involvement of the SMA in the existential aspect of thoughts of death. The distinct fear-of-death-dependent responses in the SMG and PCC may reflect fear-associated distancing of the physical self and the processing of death-related thoughts as a self-relevant future agenda, respectively.


2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM BREITBART

Stresa, a small town on the shores of the Lago Maggiore, about one hour north of Milan, Italy, was the site of the Third Research Forum of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC). From June 3 through 6, 2004, researchers from all across Europe, as well as investigators from North America, Australia, Japan, and Israel, gathered to review the state of palliative care research and set an agenda for the future. The setting was bucolic and tranquil; the official language was English; the accents were diverse; the accommodations were grand; the ambiance was intimate and insouciant; the dinners were elegant; the dress was stylish; the organization was impeccable; and the scholarship was of the highest level. All this, perhaps, was to be expected of an EAPC event, hosted by an Executive Scientific Committee and Research Committee headed by Franco De Conno of the Instituto di Tumori of Milano, Italy, and his colleagues. What was unexpected, however, was the prominence of research on psychosocial, existential, and spiritual aspects of palliative care at this critically important, international, palliative care research forum. Clearly, 2004 marks an important milestone for the entry of research in psychosocial and existential issues into the mainstream of academic palliative care. Palliative and Supportive Care, having just successfully completed its inaugural year of publication in 2003, is now extraordinarily and uniquely well placed to be the preeminent international palliative care journal for research in the psychosocial, existential, and spiritual aspects of palliative care.


2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice A. Popescu

This paper stems from clinical observations and empirical data collected in the therapy room over six years. It investigates the relationship between psychotherapy and philosophical counseling, proposing an integrative model of counseling. During cognitive behavior therapy sessions with clients who turn to therapy in order to solve their clinical issues, the author noticed that behind most of the invalidating symptoms classified by the DSM-5 as depression, anxiety, hypochondriac and phobic complaints, usually lies a lack of existential meaning or existential scope and clients are also tormented by moral dilemmas. Following the anamnestic interview and the psychological evaluation, rarely the depression or anxiety diagnosed on Axis I is purely just a sum of invalidating symptoms, which may disappear if treated symptomatically. When applying the Sentence Completion Test, an 80 items test of psychodynamic origin and high-face validity, most of the clients report an entire plethora of conscious or unconscious motivations, distorted cognitions or irrational thinking but also grave existential themes such as scope or meaning of life, professional identity, fear of death, solitude and loneliness, freedom of choice and liberty. Same issues are approached in the philosophical counseling practice, but no systematic research has been done yet in the field. Future research and investigation is needed in order to assess the importance of moral dilemmas and existential issues in both practices.


Author(s):  
Tanjana S. Zlotnikova ◽  

The article raises the question of foreseeing moral and intellectual, aesthetic and political collisions that could occur after the expected changes at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. The philosophical and anthropological paradigm of the pre-revolutionary era is defined through metaphors and concepts that attracted the attention of Russian philosophers, representatives of the sphere of artistic creativity: «expectation» (of changes, new people and phenomena) and «fear» (of changes, the unknown). For the analysis, we selected the judgments of prominent philosophers who discovered existential issues and related existential problems of the transition era for their contemporaries: V. Solovyov, V. Rozanov and N. Berdyaev. In V. Solovyov, the problem of waiting is related to the loneliness of a person in the face of global discord. Attention is drawn to the concept of «symptom of the end», to the concepts of crisis and disaster. Loneliness is experienced by the intellectual in anticipation of changes, possibly destructive, so the expectation as a context of loneliness turns into horror. V. Rozanov emphasized the tendency to distance himself from the world, Europe, contemporaries and classics in Russia. In Rozanov's philosophical and journalistic works, the future is not discussed at all because it is impossible to construct it; the past, which might have been the refuge of ideas about the harmony and dignity of life, causes the philosopher's attitude is sometimes even more negative than the present. On the example of the great creators – A. Chekhov, V. Meyerhold, V. Komissarzhevskaya and other contemporaries of N. Berdyaev, the psychoemotional tension from the coming crisis, the horror in anticipation of the coming future is shown. Berdyaev organically raises the question of the border between longing and other conditions (boredom, horror, a sense of emptiness), and the border is existential.


2013 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
L. Kompaniec

The idea of ​​reincarnation, the belief in the possibility of reincarnation is now one of the most interesting topics. She increasingly attracts the attention of philosophical, religious, and above all scientific thought. It is difficult not to agree with the depth of the circle of existential issues that it covers, because it is a whole range of problems of human existence: despair, life and death, hope, immortality of the soul. As a result, on the basis of attempts to follow the ways of their solution, vital projects of cultures, valuable landmarks are lined up. In the scale of religious values, the idea of ​​immortality of the soul is in higher hierarchical layers as a goal and an ideal, a condition for the achievement of the otherworldly, kingdom of God. In the context of this gradation, the phenomenon of reincarnation, as containing the idea of ​​eternal existence of the soul, has a value aspect, succinctly fits into the hypothetical problem of human immortality and, in our opinion, requires more in-depth study.


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