Leitmotif

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Boes
Keyword(s):  
James Joyce ◽  
Social World ◽  
Thomas Mann ◽  
Richard Wagner ◽  
Symbolic Form ◽  
Musical Compositions ◽  
Musical Theme ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Sense ◽  
Over Time

A leitmotif (from the German Leitmotiv: ‘guiding motif’) in its original sense is a musical theme that appears multiple times over the course of a dramatic composition and thereby gives a person, object, place or concept both a symbolic form and coherence over time. It is primarily associated with the mature works of Richard Wagner, who disliked the term, however. A leitmotif differs from earlier examples of recurring musical themes by virtue of the fact that it can change over time and develop additional significance through its relationship to other musical themes. Thus, the ascending ‘nature motif’ that opens Wagner’s operatic cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung) finds a descending counterpart in the later ‘contract motif’. Taken together, the two themes thus spell out a fundamental contrast between the natural and the social world that runs throughout the cycle. Because of the huge influence of Wagner’s art on all aspects of Modernism, leitmotifs can be found not only in musical compositions, but also in literature, particularly in the novels of Thomas Mann and James Joyce.

Het reconstrueren van frames via inductieve inhoudsanalyse: uitgangspunten en procedures

KWALON ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baldwin Van Gorp
Keyword(s):  
Social World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Organizing Principles ◽  
Over Time

Het concept framing gaat uit van de idee dat gebeurtenissen, personen of kwesties betekenis krijgen door het frame of de invalshoek van waaruit ze in een tekst worden belicht. Frames zijn 'organizing principles that are socially shared and persistent over time, that work symbolically to meaningfully structure the social world' (Reese, 2001: 11). Met andere woorden, in deze visie zijn frames hulpmiddelen, die mensen gebruiken om betekenis te verlenen aan de werkelijkheid, om situaties te definiëren, verantwoordelijkheden en oorzaken aan te duiden, oplossingen aan te geven en om eventueel een moreel oordeel te vellen. In deze verhandeling komt framing aan bod zoals het opgevat wordt in de communicatiewetenschap, en meer specifiek binnen de constructionistische benadering (zie bijvoorbeeld Neuman, Just & Crigler, 1992; zie verder Van Gorp, 2007).

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Donna T. Haverty-Stacke
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Women Religious ◽  
Social World ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Twentieth Century America ◽  
The Church ◽  
Over Time

The conclusion reflects on the significance of Grace’s life in terms of the three main historiographical interventions of the book. It argues that her story demonstrates the complexity of class identity as a social category that is forged from multiple, intertwined experiences and perceptions and that evolves over time. It concludes that Grace’s experiences reveal the vitality of working-class and left-wing feminisms that existed during what has been considered the doldrums of the women’s movement. It notes how her life in the SWP also provides a window into the inner workings of the Trotskyist movement, particularly for women at the branch level, and into the social world of platonic and romantic relationships that were so central to sustaining that radical community. And it draws attention again to how her interactions with women religious, priests, and various institutions within the Church that informed her cosmology and activism are a rich source for understanding the contours of lived Catholicism in twentieth-century America, making the case for taking religion seriously as it is experienced by people in the past as a fundamental factor in their lives.

Using the Five Field Map to Describe the Social Network of Children: A Methodological Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Samuelsson ◽  
Gunilla Thernlund ◽  
Jerker Ringström
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social World ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
School Class ◽  
Single Parent Families ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Over Time

There is a persistent need to find usable ways of measuring social network and support for children. Up to now virtually nothing is known about the social network from the child's viewpoint. In order to evaluate whether drawing a structured social network map (the Five Field Map) could serve as a way of elucidating important aspects of the social world of children, the maps of different samples of children were studied. In a school class of 27 children, aged 11 years, a test-retest study was undertaken. The essential aspects of the map showed good stability over time. The map was compared with other instruments of social interaction in different samples. Predicted associations were found in the nonclinical samples. Aspects of the map measuring dissatisfaction, negative contacts, and conflicts were found to be associated with behaviour problems. The closeness factor of the map and reported dissatisfaction and conflicts differentiated a normal group of children living in single-parent families from a similar group of children with psychiatric problems. The Five Field Map contributes important knowledge about how children perceive their social world. It can thus be considered a suitable instrument to describe the social network from the child's point of view.

Out of Context

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Schiff
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Social World ◽  
Abstract Entity ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definite Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 1, “Out of Context,” in A New Narrative for Psychology, argues that one of the main consequences of the overreliance on variable-centered methods is a misinterpretation of the nature of psychological processes. Although variable-centered research seems to argue that we can understand the process outside of the person and outside of the social world as an abstract entity, this is not really possible. Psychological processes are aspects of subjective experience that have meanings specific to a person who is situated in a definite time and space. The chapter reviews the debate on the stability of personality traits over time and argues that it makes no sense to ask if personality changes or stays the same. Personality doesn’t do anything, but variables are characterized as if they have a life of their own. Outside of the context of the person, one misunderstands what personality is and means.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

Domestic Integration and Suicide in the Provinces of Canada

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Over Time

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.

The Contribution of Enrique Pichon-Rivière: Comparisons with His European Contemporaries and with Modern Theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Scharff
Keyword(s):  
Social World ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
George Herbert ◽  
George Herbert Mead ◽  
Analytic Thinking ◽  
Family Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Family ◽  
Kurt Lewin ◽  
Social Applications

Enrique Pichon-Rivière, a pioneer of psychoanalysis, worked and wrote in Argentina in the mid-twentieth century, but his work has not so far been translated into English. From the beginning, Pichon-Rivière understood the social applications of analytic thinking, centring his ideas on "el vinculo", which is generally translated as "the link", but could equally be translated as "the bond". The concept that each individual is born into human social links, is shaped by them, and simultaneously contributes to them inextricably ties people's inner worlds to the social world of family and society in which they live. Pichon-Rivière believed, therefore, that family analysis and group and institutional applications of analysis were as important as individual psychoanalysis. Many of the original family and couple therapists from whom our field learned trained with him. Because his work was centred in the analytic writings of Fairbairn and Klein, as well as those of the anthropologist George Herbert Mead and the field theory of Kurt Lewin, his original ideas have important things to teach us today. This article summarises some of his central ideas such as the link, spiral process, the single determinate illness, and the process of therapy.

Our Most Troubling Madness

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Social World ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Brain Alteration ◽  
Benign Course ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
The Way

This book examines the way schizophrenia is shaped by its social context: how life is lived with this madness in different settings, and what it is about those settings that alters the course of the illness, its outcome, and even the structure of its symptoms. Until recently, schizophrenia was perhaps our best example—our poster child—for the “bio-bio-bio” model of psychiatric illness: genetic cause, brain alteration, pharmacologic treatment. We now have direct epidemiological evidence that people are more likely to fall ill with schizophrenia in some social settings than in others, and more likely to recover in some social settings than in others. Something about the social world gets under the skin. This book presents twelve case studies written by psychiatric anthropologists that help to illustrate some of the variability in the social experience of schizophrenia and that illustrate the main hypotheses about the different experience of schizophrenia in the west and outside the west--and in particular, why schizophrenia seems to have a more benign course and outcome in India. We argue that above all it is the experience of “social defeat” that increases the risk and burden of schizophrenia, and that opportunities for social defeat are more abundant in the modern west. There is a new role for anthropology in the science of schizophrenia. Psychiatric science has learned—epidemiologically, empirically, quantitatively—that our social world makes a difference. But the highly structured, specific-variable analytic methods of standard psychiatric science cannot tell us what it is about culture that has that impact. The careful observation enabled by rich ethnography allows us to see in more detail what kinds of social and cultural features may make a difference to a life lived with schizophrenia. And if we understand culture’s impact more deeply, we believe that we may improve the way we reach out to help those who struggle with our most troubling madness.

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