scholarly journals Tłumacz-polemista. Zderzenie paradygmatów w pierwszym polskim wydaniu Orientalizmu Edwarda Saida

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-142
Author(s):  
Weronika Szwebs
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Insight Into

Translator as Polemicist: The Clash of Paradigms in the First Polish Edition of Said’s Orientalism The article analyzes the paratextual activity of Witold Kalinowski, the author of the first Polish translation of Edward Said’s Orientalism (1991), paying special attention to his polemical remarks and their relation to the vision of scientific, theoretical discourse. The translator does not strive for invisibility. On the contrary, he uses footnotes and brackets inserted in the main text to comment on different aspects of Said’s work. He signals problems ensuing from the differences between languages and cultures, explains the nature of linguistic difficulties and justifies his own solutions. He also takes on the role of editor and commentator, explaining Said’s allusions, supplementing the discussion with additional information, anticipating readers’ doubts about certain facts that might sound suspicious, and even inserting bracketed additions and clarifications which suggest that the original is unclear or imprecise. Finally, Kalinowski overtly expresses his polemical attitude: he provides certain parts of Said’s discussion with sic! annotation (thus suggesting that the author is wrong) and adds footnotes where he argues with what he sees as the author’s dubious and far-fetched interpretations. The Translator’s Note gives certain insight into the nature of the disagreement between the author and the translator. Explaining why Orientalism is a difficult book to translate, Kalinowski enumerates its troubling features: the combination of different types of discourse and the large number of polemical accents, due to which the book is not fully scientific. The moment of the book’s publication might suggest that such a qualification could have been a result of the then scarce presence of poststructuralist thought and cultural studies in the Polish humanities. However, the analysis of Witold Kalinowski’s articles as well as his doctoral thesis from the 1980s shows both his awareness of the theoretical currents that influenced Orientalism and his critical attitude towards Marxist thought. It is the aversion to the Marxist-inspired interpretations – both Kalinowski’s personal methodological conviction and a widespread attitude in the early post-communist Poland – that seems to be the reason of the clash in the first Polish translation of Said’s work.

scholarly journals Getting into position: the catalytic mechanisms of protein ubiquitylation

2004 ◽  
Vol 379 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori A. PASSMORE ◽  
David BARFORD
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Substrate Selection ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Catalytic Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes ◽  
Insight Into

The role of protein ubiquitylation in the control of diverse cellular pathways has recently gained widespread attention. Ubiquitylation not only directs the targeted destruction of tagged proteins by the 26 S proteasome, but it also modulates protein activities, protein–protein interactions and subcellular localization. An understanding of the components involved in protein ubiquitylation (E1s, E2s and E3s) is essential to understand how specificity and regulation are conferred upon these pathways. Much of what we know about the catalytic mechanisms of protein ubiquitylation comes from structural studies of the proteins involved in this process. Indeed, structures of ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) have provided insight into their mechanistic details. E3s (ubiquitin ligases) contain most of the substrate specificity and regulatory elements required for protein ubiquitylation. Although several E3 structures are available, the specific mechanistic role of E3s is still unclear. This review will discuss the different types of ubiquitin signals and how they are generated. Recent advances in the field of protein ubiquitylation will be examined, including the mechanisms of E1, E2 and E3. In particular, we discuss the complexity of molecular recognition required to impose selectivity on substrate selection and topology of poly-ubiquitin chains.

scholarly journals The Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Higher Education How Tertiary Institutions in emerging Economies benefit from Public-Private Partnerships

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ronak Warasthe
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The number of Public-Private Partnerships in the education sector is growing in developing and emerging economies. Traditionally governments are the main financial contributor to education however, the involvement of the private sector is an increasing one. While more established in primary and secondary education, PPPs in tertiary education are a phenomenon rather slowly growing in the past decades (Patrinos, Barrera-Osorio, & Guaqueta, 2009). There are various concepts of PPPs in higher education each targeting different goals. In order to give an insight into different types of PPPs, the typology according to Mabizela has been briefly displayed and the case of a PPP in Namibia is given. The framework of the partnership was compiled to give an outlook on the practicability of partnerships. The paper exemplifies that both partners within a PPP can benefit from the added value they may generate for their target group. Thus, the benefit depends on quality, relevance and execution of the partnership.

The Role of Technology in the Historical Development of Libraries Pre-Automation

2013 ◽  
pp. 21-37
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Visual Technologies ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter examines the role of five different types of technology that have impacted libraries pre-automation: card catalogue, the telegraph and telephone, the phonograph and other audio visual technologies, microfilm, and punched cards. These technologies were used to varying degrees by librarians to improve organizational efficiencies and provide services to patrons. Only one of these technologies is specific to libraries – the card catalogue. Its development is an important indicator for understanding what it was past librarians valued. In a similar manner, how the remaining technologies were incorporated, or not incorporated as the case may be, into library services provides insight into what librarians felt was most important in providing services to patrons.

Imperfection Sensitivity: A Review of Buckling Behavior of Cones, Cylinders, and Domes

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ifayefunmi ◽  
J. Błachut
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Imperfection Sensitivity ◽  
Buckling Strength ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Initial Geometric Imperfections ◽  
Insight Into

It is generally accepted that the presence of imperfections in pressure vessel components can significantly reduce their buckling strength. In fact, the discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental results have been attributed to various kinds of existing and unavoidable imperfections. This is not a new problem but despite of substantial research effort in this area over the recent decades, it is far from being satisfactorily resolved. This review provides insight into the past findings and current activities related to the role of different types of imperfections on the buckling strength. It aims to contribute to a better understanding of the influence of imperfections on the structural stability of cones, cylinders, and domes when these are subjected to external loading conditions. The review concentrates not only on the prominent role of initial geometric imperfections of the shell's generator but also on less known defects. This includes uneven axial length of cylinders, eccentricities, and nonuniformities of applied load, inaccurately modeled boundary conditions, corrosion of the wall, influence of material discontinuity or crack, and effect of prebuckling deformation. The study examines: (i) how the data were obtained (analytically, experimentally, and/or numerically), (ii) the type of material from which the shell structures were made, and (iii) the importance of findings of the previous works. Metallic and composite components are considered.

scholarly journals Emerging era of microneedle array for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications: recent advances and toxicological perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh Dugam ◽  
Rahul Tade ◽  
Rani Dhole ◽  
Sopan Nangare
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Microneedle Array ◽  
Bioavailability Enhancement ◽  
Main Text ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Microneedles (MNs) are the utmost unique, efficient, and minimally invasive inventions in the pharmaceutical field. Over the past decades, many scientists around the globe have reported MNs cautious because of their superb future in distinct areas. Concerning the wise use of MNs herein, we deal in depth with the present applications of MNs in drug delivery. Main text The present review comprises various fabrication materials and methods used for MN synthesis. The article also noted the distinctive advantages of these MNs, which holds huge potential for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The role of MNs in serving as a platform to treat various ailments has been explained accompanied by unusual approaches. The review also inculcates the pharmacokinetics of MNs, which includes permeation, absorption, and bioavailability enhancement. Besides this, the in vitro/in vivo toxicity, biosafety, and marketed product of MNs have been reviewed. We have also discussed the clinical trials and patents on the pharmaceutical applications of MNs in brief. Conclusion To sum up, this article gives insight into the MNs and provides a recent advancement in MNs, which pave the pathway for future pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Graphical abstract Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of MNs

scholarly journals Targeting the Immune Microenvironment in Lymphomas of B-Cell Origin: From Biology to Clinical Application

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulder ◽  
Wahlin ◽  
Österborg ◽  
Palma
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Insight Into

In lymphomas of B-cell origin, cancer cells orchestrate an inflammatory microenvironment of immune and stromal cells that sustain the tumor cell survival and growth, known as a tumor microenvironment (TME). The features of the TME differ between the different lymphoma types, ranging from extremely inflammatory, such as in Hodgkin lymphoma, to anergic, leading to immune deficiency and susceptibility to infections, such as in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Understanding the characteristic features of the TME as well as the interactions between cancer and TME cells has given insight into the pathogenesis of most lymphomas and contributed to identify novel therapeutic targets. Here, we summarize the preclinical data that contributed to clarifying the role of the immune cells in the TME of different types of lymphomas of B-cell origin, and explain how the understanding of the biological background has led to new clinical applications. Moreover, we provide an overview of the clinical results of trials that assessed the safety and efficacy of drugs directly targeting TME immune cells in lymphoma patients.

scholarly journals A Case Of Atypical Gastric Carcinoma With Osteoclast Like Giant Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Pandit ◽  
Irina Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Skeletal Neoplasms ◽  
Caucasian Female ◽  
Insight Into

Out of all the different types of neoplasms affecting the stomach, gastric carcinomas with Osteoclast-like Giant Cells (OGC) is one of the most uncommon. Although OGC are typically found in osseous neoplasms and tumors of the tendon sheath, few cases of extra-skeletal neoplasms with OGC have been documented. These typically involve organs such as the pancreas, gall-bladder, kidney, and breast. Even though the role of OGC in histogenesis of such tumors still remains unclear, their presence in extra-osseous neoplasms may indicate a certain level of immune reaction of the host towards the neoplastic transformation of normal tissue. We report a case of a 70-year-old Caucasian female hospitalized for evaluation of epigastric pain. Further examinations including endoscopy and biopsy of the stomach revealed gastric adenocarcinoma with OGC. This report also provides a brief insight into the possible immune reaction in such neoplasms

Fake News

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Bode ◽  
Emily K. Vraga ◽  
Kjerstin Thorson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Fake News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Insight Into

Chapter 7 tackles the challenges posed by misinformation campaigns and fake news, an issue of growing concern in America and around the world. Following the 2016 U.S. presidential elections, academics and pundits alike struggled to make sense of what happened, and many pointed to the role of fake news and misinformation more broadly in leading voters astray in their assessments of the two major candidates for president. This chapter draws on survey data to investigate how media use in general, and use of social media and partisan media more specifically, affected belief in six fake news stories directly following the 2016 election. The analysis assesses whether use of different types of media affected belief in misinformation—including messages congruent and incongruent with their own candidate preferences—providing insight into what was to blame for belief in fake news in the 2016 elections.

Differential response of TIMP-3 null mice to the lung insults of sepsis, mechanical ventilation, and hyperoxia

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (2) ◽  
pp. L244-L251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica L. Martin ◽  
Lynda A. McCaig ◽  
Brent Z. Moyer ◽  
M. Cynthia Pape ◽  
Kevin J. Leco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Null Mouse ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Insight Into

An imbalance in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) leads to excessive or insufficient tissue breakdown, which is associated with many disease processes. The TIMP-3 null mouse is a model of MMP/TIMP imbalance, which develops air space enlargement and decreased lung function. These mice responded differently to cecal ligation and perforation (CLP)-induced septic lung injury than wild-type controls. The current study addresses whether the TIMP-3 knockout lung is susceptible to different types of insults or only those involving sepsis, by examining its response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis, mechanical ventilation (MV), and hyperoxia. TIMP-3 null noninjured controls of each insult consistently demonstrated significantly higher compliance vs. wild-type mice. Null mice treated with LPS had a further significantly increased compliance compared with untreated controls. Conversely, MV and hyperoxia did not alter compliance in the null lung. MMP abundance and activity increased in response to LPS but were generally unaltered following MV or hyperoxia, correlating with compliance alterations. All three insults produced inflammatory cytokines; however, the response of the null vs. wild-type lung was dependent on the type of insult. Overall, this study demonstrated that 1) LPS-induced sepsis produced a similar response in null mice to CLP-induced sepsis, 2) the null lung responded differently to various insults, and 3) the null susceptibility to compliance changes correlated with increased MMPs. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the role of TIMP-3 in response to various lung insults, specifically its importance in regulating MMPs to maintain compliance during a sepsis.

scholarly journals Integrating image fusion with nanoparticle contrast agents for diagnosis: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Naab Manson ◽  
Francis Hasford ◽  
Stephen Inkoom ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed Gedel
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Image Fusion ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Background As newer technologies in the field of medical imaging continue to expand, development of unique techniques for optimizing image quality and minimizing radiation dose becomes very necessary for improve diagnosis of pathologies and patient safety. Different types of medical imaging devices have been developed for specific diagnostic purposes. Main text This article provides a brief overview on the need for co-registration of some medical images into a single image (image fusion), advantages of some nanoparticle contrast agents in medical imaging, and a discussion of present and future role of integrating image fusion with nanoparticle contrast agents in diagnosis. Conclusion The use of nanoparticle contrast agents together with image fusion is a promising technique in future medical imaging as is likely to reveal pathologies of ≤ 1 nm sizes.

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