scholarly journals The academic virtues in public discussion: Adam Schaff and the campaign against the Lvov-Warsaw School in post-war Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 711-753
Author(s):  
Aleksei Lokhmatov
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principles ◽  
Academic Practice ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
Scientific Staff ◽  
Post War ◽  
Soviet Model ◽  
Critical Reviews

Adam Schaff was at the front of the ideological campaign organized in post-war Poland during the wave of Stalinization. By attempting to adapt the Soviet “model” of public discussion to Polish academia, Schaff wanted to teach the representatives of the Lvov-Warsaw School of logic how to lead a scholarly debate. Schaff ’s group consisted of young scholars from the Instytut Kształcenia Kadr Naukowych [Institute for Education of Scientific Staff] and with critical reviews on the works of Polish logicians they tried to force their opponents to change the basic principles of their academic practice under the new circumstances. Nevertheless, Schaff ’s project failed since, unlike Soviet scholars, the participants in the discussion referred to different academic virtues that made the adaptation of the Soviet model of public discussion impossible.

A Close Look at the Mannesmann Trial

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Maier
Keyword(s):  
Hostile Takeover ◽  
Executive Pay ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
Post War

In German post-war history, hardly any other trial concerning economic criminal cases attracted as much interest as the so-called Mannesmann trial. This is for two main reasons. First, the facts that form the basis of the decision, that is, the hostile takeover of the German Mannesmann AG by the British Vodafone, attracted much attention and sparked public discussion about eliminating the very possibility of hostile takeovers in general in Germany. Second, interest in the case was due to the magnitude of the bonuses granted and the significance this had for the public at large. As a consequence of this trial and the settled payments, the debate around the appropriateness of executive compensations, existing prior to the case, grew more acute. After all, the current draft law to disclose executive pay resulted from these debates about the size of the compensations.

The Implementation of the Soviet Healthcare Model in ‘People’s Democracy’ Countries—the Case of Post-war Poland (1944–1953)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Kozłowska ◽  
Tomasz Sikorski
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Education ◽  
Party Control ◽  
Healthcare Model ◽  
Post War ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Soviet Model

Abstract This article aims at presenting a Soviet model of public health service, the so-called Siemaszko model, and its implementation in the People’s Republic of Poland (1944/45–1953). Based on the Marx’s and Lenin’s interpretations, the Soviet model assumed a universal nature of health service, financing healthcare from the public purse, full state (party) control over public health, full access to medical services for all, entire staff put on the public payroll and state education for medical personnel. After the Second World War a modified version of that model was implemented in the so-called people’s democracies (i.e. communist countries). In the post-war years, a two-stage implementation of this socialist model was rolled out in the People’s Republic of Poland. The first stage, in 1944–48, was based on the so-called multisector approach. The second began in 1948 and assumed a full and planned unification and nationalisation of the healthcare system.

Soziale Marktwirtschaft damals und heute

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Gunther Schnabl
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Soziale Marktwirtschaft ◽  
Post War ◽  
Social Market ◽  
German Currency ◽  
Competition Growth

AbstractThe German currency reform on 20 June 1948, together with a comprehensive liberalization of prices as well as monopoly control formed the basis for the post-war West German economic miracle, which became the economic backbone of the European integration process. 70 years later, little remains of the basic principles of the social market economy. An increasingly expansive monetary policy of the European Central Bank undermines competition, growth and social cohesion in Europe, which puts political stability at risk. To ensure economic, political and social stability in Europe, a return to the principles of Walter Eucken und Ludwig Erhard is necessary.

scholarly journals Polsko-czechosłowackie konwencje turystyczne jako przykład współpracy transgranicznej

2014 ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Lewkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
General Description ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Post War

Polish-Czechoslovak tourist conventions as an example of transfrontier cooperationThe article provides a general description of Polish-Czechoslovak tourist conventions from inter- and post-war periods. It presents the conditions of signing of these unique international agreements, the decision-making process, as well as the basic principles of the conventions. Overall, the tourist conventions are special kinds mostly bilateral international agreements aimed at simplifying the rules of transfrontier traffic within a region attractive to tourists, such as the Carpathian and Sudetic borderlands. Poland and Czechoslovakia were the precursors of this kind of transfrontier cooperation across Europe. The first tourist convention was signed in 1925 as a direct result of so-called Cracow Protocols, which aimed at regulating economic, communication and tourist issues with Czechoslovakia after the Jaworzyna Spiska conflict. The next tourist agreement of 1955 was adopted as a result of the post-Stalinist Thaw, which allowed a certain liberalization of the border regime between the two countries. The agreement was amended and extended in  1961-1962, and was in force till the early 1980s. The experiences of the functioning of the tourist conventions became a model for Euroregions which stared to emerge in the area under discussion. Moreover, they also served as a model for central authorities in liberalizing the border regime in the 1990s. Polsko-czechosłowackie konwencje turystyczne jako przykład współpracy transgranicznejCelem artykułu była ogólna charakterystyka polsko-czechosłowackich konwencji turystycznych z okresu między- i powojennego. Przedstawione zostały uwarunkowania podpisania tych unikatowych umów międzynarodowych, proces decyzyjny, poddano analizie również podstawowe założenia konwencji. Generalnie konwencje turystyczne to specyficzny rodzaj, najczęściej bilateralnych, umów międzynarodowych służących uproszczeniu zasad ruchu transgranicznego w obrębie atrakcyjnego turystycznie regionu, w tym przypadku pogranicza karpackiego i sudeckiego. Polska i Czechosłowacja były prekursorami tego rodzaju współpracy transgranicznej w całej Europie. Pierwsza konwencja turystyczna została podpisana w 1925 roku jako bezpośredni rezultat tzw. protokołów krakowskich mających na celu uregulowanie kwestii gospodarczych, komunikacyjnych i turystycznych z Czechosłowacją po zakończeniu konfliktu o Jaworzynę Spiską. Kolejna umowa turystyczna z 1955 roku przyjęta została jako efekt postalinowskiej odwilży, która pozwoliła na pewną liberalizację reżimu granicznego między obu państwami. Umowa była nowelizowana i poszerzana w latach 1961-1962 i obowiązywała do początku lat 80. XX wieku. Doświadczenia funkcjonowania konwencji turystycznych stały się wzorcem dla tworzących się na badanym obszarze euroregionów. Stanowiły również wzorzec dla władz centralnych podejmujących działania liberalizujące reżim graniczny w latach 90.

A post-war plan for population statistics

1946 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Independent System ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
Population Statistics ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Insurance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post War

The considerable public discussion of the past two years on the subject of our social insurance schemes and their post-war reconstruction has culminated in the publication of the Government's plans as a White Paper (Cmd. 6550–1). At present, social insurance in this country (now to be called National Insurance) is divided into a number of independent sections, each with its own statistical arrangements covering a large part of the population. At the same time some aspects of the whole population are regularly surveyed by the Registrars-General by means of an independent system of recording. The Government's plan greatly expands the field of insurance to cover all classes and groups. Before this unified plan can begin to function, fresh statistical machinery will have to be prepared, adequate to the task of keeping it efficiently in operation, and there will in consequence be a great opportunity for coordinating, simplifying and generally improving the national population records as a whole.

scholarly journals Soviet in content - people’s in form: The building of Farming Cooperative Centres and the Soviet-Yugoslav dispute, 1948-1950

Spatium ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Jelena Zivancevic
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Post War ◽  
Soviet Model

It was not until 1948, when the Cominform conflict escalated, that the Communist Party of Yugoslavia began a thorough implementation of the Soviet model in Yugoslav agriculture - due to the Soviet criticism, the CPY made immediate legislative changes and started a class struggle in Yugoslav villages. Simultaneously, and just a few months before the Fifth Congress, Josip Broz Tito initiated a competition for building 4,000 Farming Cooperative Centres throughout Yugoslavia - they were built in accordance with the social-realist ?national in form - socialist in content? slogan. Once the building started, in his Congress speech, Radovan Zogovic, a leader of the Serbian Agitprop department, offered the first official proclamation of Socialist Realism in the post-war period by a political authority. This article analyses the process of planning, designing and building of the Farming Cooperative Centres; discusses their political, ideological and formal implications; and inquires into the specific role of architecture, joined with the theory of Socialist Realism, in building Yugoslav socialism.

The Contribution of Barry Commoner to the Renewal of the Italian Left

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Giovanni Berlinguer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Post War ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Soviet Model

Barry Commoner had a strong positive influence on the ideas and policies of the Italian left since the 1970s. His books were translated, and he was frequently present in the environmental movement His criticism of the “Soviet model” found a favorable echo in the Italian Communist Party, whose autonomy had grown in the post-war period, and helped to include new ideas in its policy. Nowadays, left or center-left parties and alliances, often including “green” forces, lead the governments in thirteen out of fifteen countries belonging to the European Union, as a result of democratic elections. This is a result of both a strong tradition and of a renewal of strategies and programs to which Barry Commoner contributed with his ideas and his political courage.

Background and Basic Principles for Post-War Taxation

1945 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Rufus S. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principles ◽  
Post War

Current Issues: Evidence-Based Practice for the Real World: Thoughts on Clinical Education in Communication Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Bothe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Education ◽  
Real World ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Real ◽  
Language Pathology

This article presents some streamlined and intentionally oversimplified ideas about educating future communication disorders professionals to use some of the most basic principles of evidence-based practice. Working from a popular five-step approach, modifications are suggested that may make the ideas more accessible, and therefore more useful, for university faculty, other supervisors, and future professionals in speech-language pathology, audiology, and related fields.

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