Bioluminescence capability and intensity in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium species

Some species in the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium are bioluminescent. Of the 33 formally described Alexandrium species, the bioluminescence capability of only nine species have been tested, and eight have been reported to be bioluminescent. The present study investigated the bioluminescence capability of seven Alexandrium species that had not been tested. Alexandrium mediterraneum, A. pohangense, and A. tamutum were bioluminescent, but A. andersonii, A. hiranoi, A. insuetum, and A. pseudogonyaulax were not. We also measured the bioluminescent intensity of A. affine, A. fraterculus, A. mediterraneum, A. ostenfeldii, A. pacificum, A. pohangense, A. tamarense, and A. tamutum. The mean 200-second-integrated bioluminescence intensity per cell ranged from 0.02 to 32.2 × 104 relative luminescence unit per cell (RLU cell-1), and the mean maximum bioluminescence intensity per cell per second (BLMax) ranged from 0.01 to 10.3 × 104 RLU cell-1 s-1-1. BLMax was significantly correlated with the maximum growth rates of Alexandrium species, except for A. tamarense. A phylogenetic tree based on large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) showed that the bioluminescent species A. affine, A. catenella, A. fraterculus, A. mediterraneum, A. pacificum, and A. tamarense formed a large clade. However, the toxicity or mixotrophic capability of these species was split. Thus, their bioluminescence capability in this clade was more consistent than their toxicity or mixotrophic capability. Phylogenetic trees based on LSU rDNA and the luciferase gene of Alexandrium were consistent except for A. pohangense. The results of the present study can provide a basis for understanding the interspecific diversity in bioluminescence of Alexandrium.

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Ottolenchus sinipersici n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae) from the Persian Gulf mangrove forests, Iran

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10127 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Manouchehr Hosseinvand ◽

Ali Eskandari ◽

Joaquín Abolafia ◽

Akbar Karegar ◽

Reza Ghaderi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

The Body ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Body Contour ◽

Lateral Field

Summary A new species of Tylenchidae from the rhizosphere of mangrove trees in Hormozgan and Khuzestan provinces, Iran, is described based on morphological and molecular data. Ottolenchus sinipersici n. sp., is characterised by a slightly fusiform body 560-665 μm long, lateral field in the form of a narrow band with two faint incisures that are not visible in fatter females, indistinct transverse annuli under the light microscope, cephalic region continuous with the body contour, smooth and flattened dorsoventrally, longitudinal and narrow sigmoid amphidial slits, stylet delicate, 10.1-11.2 μm long, with small rounded to slightly posteriorly sloping knobs, well-developed median bulb, offset and pyriform pharyngeal basal bulb, vulva located at 66.9-69.6% of body length, offset spermatheca, short post-vulval uterine sac, spicules 18.5-20.5 μm long with highly curved blades, and a 113-135 μm long filiform tail with a hook-like or coiled terminus. In Bayesian inference phylogenetic trees based on the partial small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and D2-D3 expansion segment of large subunit ribosomal DNA (D2-D3 LSU rDNA) genes, the new species clustered together with O. facultativus (KJ869310) in SSU, and forms a clade with three isolates of O. discrepans in LSU phylogeny. Ottolenchus fungivorus n. comb. (= Filenchus fungivorus) is proposed.

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Systematics of the anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast genus Trichosporon Behrend with the description of five novel species: Trichosporon vadense, T. smithiae, T. dehoogii, T. scarabaeorum and T. gamsii

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.02859-0 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 975-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Wouter J. Middelhoven ◽

Gloria Scorzetti ◽

Jack W. Fell

Keyword(s):

Type Strain ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Novel Species ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Unknown Origin ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Basidiomycetous Yeast ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Yeast Genus

Phylogenetic trees of the anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast genus Trichosporon Behrend, based on molecular sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region and the D1/D2 region of the large subunit of ribosomal (26S) DNA, are presented. This study includes three novel species from soils, Trichosporon vadense sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 8901T), Trichosporon smithiae sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 8370T) and Trichosporon gamsii sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 8245T), one novel species from an insect, Trichosporon scarabaeorum sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 5601T) and one species of unknown origin, Trichosporon dehoogii sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 8686T). The phylogenetic positions and physiological characteristics that distinguish the new taxa from related species, based partly on growth tests that are not traditionally used in yeast taxonomy (uric acid, ethylamine, l-4-hydroxyproline, tyramine and l-phenylalanine as sources of carbon and nitrogen, and polygalacturonate, quinate, 4-ethylphenol, phloroglucinol, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate and orcinol as sole carbon sources), are discussed. Assimilation of l-rhamnose and erythritol and maximum growth temperature were also used to delineate species.

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Morphology and phylogeny of Pseudorobillarda eucalypti sp. nov., from Thailand

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.24 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 176 (1) ◽

pp. 251 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

NARUMON TANGTHIRASUNUN ◽

PHILIPPE SILAR ◽

DARBHE JAYARAMA BHAT ◽

EKACHAI CHUKEATIROTE ◽

D.N. NALIN WIJAYAWARDENE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Family Status

Pseudorobillarda is a coelomycete genus of Dothideomycetes with appendaged conidia and 15 species epithets. In this study, we isolated four strains of Pseudorobillarda from dead leaves in Thailand. DNA sequence data generated from the large subunit (28S) ribosomal DNA (nuLSU) gene was used in phylogenetic studies. The phylogenetic trees generated indicate that Pseudorobillarda form a distinct lineage in Dothideomycetes that may eventually require separate family status. The Pseudorobillarda strains comprised two distinct species and this is also supported by morphological characteristics. In this paper we introduce a new species of Pseudorobillarda, P. eucalypti and compare it with other species of the genus. We also deposit data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), small subunit (18S) ribosomal DNA (nuSSU),the RNA polymerase II 2nd largest subunit genes (RPB2), Translation Elongation Factor 1-α (TEF1-α) and β-Tubulin (Bt) genes from each strain in GenBank for future studies.

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Phylogeny of Opisthokonta and the evolution of multicellularity and complexity in Fungi and Metazoa

International Journal of Astrobiology ◽

10.1017/s1473550403001551 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 203-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Mónica Medina ◽

Allen G. Collins ◽

John W. Taylor ◽

James W. Valentine ◽

Jere H. Lipps ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Special Interest ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Sister Group ◽

Ssu Rdna ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Evolutionary Transitions ◽

Stephanoeca Diplocostata ◽

Paraphyletic Assemblage

While early eukaryotic life must have been unicellular, multicellular lifeforms evolved multiple times from protistan ancestors in diverse eukaryotic lineages. The origins of multicellularity are of special interest because they require evolutionary transitions towards increased levels of complexity. We have generated new sequence data from the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA gene (LSU rDNA) and the SSU rDNA gene of several unicellular opisthokont protists – a nucleariid amoeba (Nuclearia simplex) and four choanoflagellates (Codosiga gracilis, Choanoeca perplexa, Proterospongia choanojuncta and Stephanoeca diplocostata) to provide the basis for re-examining relationships among several unicellular lineages and their multicellular relatives (animals and fungi). Our data indicate that: (1) choanoflagellates are a monophyletic rather than a paraphyletic assemblage that independently gave rise to animals and fungi as suggested by some authors and (2) the nucleariid filose amoebae are the likely sister group to Fungi. We also review published information regarding the origin of multicellularity in the opisthokonts.

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A Re-Examination of Generic Concepts of Baeomycetoid Lichens Based on Phylogenetic Analyses of Nuclear ssu and Lsu Ribosomal Dna

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1006/lich.1999.0230 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 409-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jamie L. Platt ◽

Joseph W. Spatafora

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Character State ◽

Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽

Lichen Symbiosis ◽

Data Support

AbstractThe lichen symbiosis has evolved several times within the fungal kingdom, although the total number of lichenization events leading to extant taxa is still unclear. Two lichenized families, the Icmadophilaceae and Baeomycetaceae have been classified in the Helotiales. Because the Helotiales are predominantly nonlichenized, this suggests that these families represent independent evolutionary episodes of lichenization from the Lecanorales. As a first step towards understanding the evolution of the lichen symbiosis within this order, we tested recent hypotheses concerning the segregation of lichen genera between the two lichen families. Specifically, we used phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequence data from nuclear small-subunit and large-subunit ribosomal DNA to test the morphology-based hypotheses that Dibaeis is a distinct genus from Baeomyces and that Dibaeis is a member of the Icmadophilaceae rather than the Baeomycetaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear SSU rDNA and combined SSU and LSU rDNA data support the hypothesis that Dibaeis is more closely related to IcmadophUa than it is to Baeomyces. Therefore, these data support the resurrection of Dibaeis from its previous synonymy with Baeomyces based on the characters of ascocarp colour and ascus morphology. The recognition of two distinct genera is also consistent with character state distribution of unique lichen acids.

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Tuber Fulgens Quél. A New Record for Turkish Truffles

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i11.2472-2475.3884 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2472-2475

Author(s):

Ilgaz Akata ◽

Mustafa Sevindik ◽

Ergin Şahin

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

High Sequence Similarity ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

History Of ◽

First Time

Tuber samples were collected from Kırklareli province on the 10th of August 2020 and they are identified by implementing both traditional methods and molecular phylogenetic analysis using the rDNA sequences including Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and 28S Ribosomal Large Subunit (LSU) regions. By taking into account the high sequence similarity between the collected samples (ANK Akata 7351) and the truffle species Tuber fulgens Quél. the collected specimen was regarded as T. fulgens and the morphological data also consolidated this finding. As a result, T. fulgens was reported for the first time from Turkey. A short description of the newly reported species is given along with its macro and microphotographs, and spore images taken by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, ITS and LSU rDNA based evolutionary history of the specimen is provided with phylogenetic trees.

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Discovery of Novel Backusella (Backusellaceae, Mucorales) Isolated from Invertebrates and Toads in Cheongyang, Korea

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7070513 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 513

Author(s):

Thuong T.T. Nguyen ◽

Kerstin Voigt ◽

André Luiz Cabral Monteiro de Azevedo Santiago ◽

Paul M. Kirk ◽

Hyang-Burm Lee

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

The Family ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences

Three novel fungal species, Backusella chlamydospora sp. nov., B. koreana sp. nov., and B. thermophila sp. nov., as well as two new records, B. oblongielliptica and B. oblongispora, were found in Cheongyang, Korea, during an investigation of fungal species from invertebrates and toads. All species are described here using morphological characters and sequence data from internal transcribed spacer sequences of ribosomal DNA and large subunit of the ribosomal DNA. Backusella chlamydospora is different from other Backusella species by producing chlamydospores. Backusella koreana can be distinguished from other Backusella species by producing abundant yeast-like cells. Backusella thermophila is characterized by a variable (subglobose to oblong, applanate to oval, conical and ellipsoidal to pyriform) columellae and grows well at 37 °C. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS and LSU rDNA sequences data generated from maximum likelihood and MrBayes analyses indicate that B. chlamydospora, B. koreana, and B. thermophila form distinct lineages in the family Backusellaceae. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, phylogenetic tree, and taxonomic key to the Backusella species present in Korea are provided.

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Integrative Studies on a New Ciliate Campanella sinica n. sp. (Protista, Ciliophora, Peritrichia) Based on the Morphological and Molecular Data, With Notes on the Phylogeny and Systematics of the Family Epistylididae

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.718757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zhe Wang ◽

Tong Wu ◽

Borong Lu ◽

Yong Chi ◽

Xue Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

5.8S Rdna ◽

Freshwater Pond ◽

The Family

During an investigation on freshwater peritrichs, a new colonial sessilid ciliate, Campanella sinica n. sp., was isolated from aquatic plants in an artificial freshwater pond in Qingdao, China. Specimen observations of this species were performed both in vivo and using silver staining. C. sinica n. sp. is characterized by the appearance of the mature colony, which is up to 2 cm high and contains more than 1,000 zooids, the asymmetric horn-shaped zooids, strongly everted and multi-layered peristomial lip, the slightly convex peristomial disc, and the well-developed haplokinety and polykinety, which make more than four circuits of the peristome before descending into the infundibulum. The small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), 5.8s rDNA and its flank internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8s rDNA-ITS2), and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) are sequenced and used for phylogenetic analyses which reveal that the family Epistylididae Kahl, 1933 is non-monophyletic whereas the genus Campanella is monophyletic and nests within the basal clade of the sessilids. The integrative results support the assertion that the genus Campanella represents a separate lineage from other epistylidids, suggesting a further revision of the family Epistylididae is needed. We revise Campanella including the transfer into this genus of a taxon formerly assigned to Epistylis, which we raise to species rank, i.e., Campanella ovata (Nenninger, 1948) n. grad. & n. comb. (original combination Epistylis purneri f. ovataNenninger, 1948). In addition, we provide a key to the identification of the species of Campanella.

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D1/D2 Domain of Large-Subunit Ribosomal DNA for Differentiation of Orpinomyces spp.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.05441-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (18) ◽

pp. 6722-6725 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Sumit S. Dagar ◽

Sanjay Kumar ◽

Priti Mudgil ◽

Rameshwar Singh ◽

Anil K. Puniya

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Restriction Site ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Species Level ◽

Additional Restriction ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Content Type ◽

D2 Domain ◽

Additional Restriction Site

ABSTRACTThis study presents the suitability of D1/D2 domain of large-subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) for differentiation ofOrpinomyces joyoniiandOrpinomyces intercalarisbased on PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). A variation of G/T inO. intercalariscreated an additional restriction site for AluI, which was used as an RFLP marker. The results demonstrate adequate heterogeneity in the LSU rDNA for species-level differentiation.

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Phylogenetic studies on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences of smut fungi and related taxa

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b97-916 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 75 (12) ◽

pp. 2045-2056 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

Dominik Begerow ◽

Robert Bauer ◽

Franz Oberwinkler

Keyword(s):

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Large Subunit ◽

The Other ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Smut Fungi ◽

Neighbor Joining ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Key Words Basidiomycete

To show phylogenetic relationships among the smut fungi and their relatives, we sequenced a part of the nuclear LSU rDNA from 43 different species of smut fungi and related taxa. Our data were combined with the existing sequences of seven further smut fungi and 17 other basidiomycetes. Two sets of sequences were analyzed. The first set with a representative number of simple septate basidiomycetes, complex septate basidiomycetes, and smut fungi was analyzed with the neighbor-joining method to estimate the general topology of the basidiomycetes phylogeny and the positions of the smut fungi. The tripartite subclassification of the basidiomycetes into the Urediniomycetes, Ustilaginomycetes, and Hymenomycetes was confirmed and two groups of smut fungi appeared. The smut genera Aurantiosporium, Microbotryum, Fulvisporium, and Ustilentyloma are members of the Urediniomycetes, whereas the other smut species tested are members of the Ustilaginomycetes with Entorrhiza as a basal taxon. The second set of 46 Ustilaginomycetes was analyzed using the neighbor-joining and the maximum parsimony methods to show the inner topology of the Ustilaginomycetes. The results indicated three major lineages among Ustilaginomycetes corresponding to the Entorrhizomycetidae, Exobasidiomycetidae, and Ustilaginomycetidae. The Entorrhizomycetidae are represented by Entorrhiza species. The Ustilaginomycetidae contain at least two groups, the Urocystales and Ustilaginales. The Exobasidiomycetidae include five orders, i.e., Doassansiales, Entylomatales, Exobasidiales, Georgefischeriales, and Tilletiales, and Graphiola phoenicis and Microstroma juglandis. Our results support a classification mainly based on ultrastructure. The description of the Glomosporiaceae is emended. The Doassansiopsaceae, Melanotaeniaceae, and Urocystaceae are proposed as new taxa. Key words: basidiomycete systematics, LSU rDNA, Microbotryales, molecular phylogeny, smut fungi, Ustilaginomycetes.

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