scholarly journals Strengthening Sustainability: A Thematic Synthesis of Globally Published Ecotourism Frameworks

2020 ◽  
pp. 246-258
Author(s):  
Ahmad Salman ◽  
Mastura Jaafar ◽  
Diana Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Thematic Synthesis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The World ◽  
Planning Decision

Ecotourism is considered to be one of the fastest-growing tourism sectors. Countries all over the world have been trying to develop sustainable ecotourism frameworks for protecting the environment and achieving high economic growth, but very few have succeeded. So, the objective of this study is to examine successful sustainable ecotourism frameworks implemented globally since 2006-2020 and find similarities that can help to achieve and develop sustainable ecotourism in other parts of the world where ecotourism sustainability was found to be difficult. This was achieved by doing a thematic analysis of the finalized articles. This study identifies four important themes which can be used to develop sustainable ecotourism in destinations where past attempts of ecotourism implementation were not fruitful. Ecotourism can be made sustainable for the long run if there is a proper understanding of the stakeholders, management of the destination, and the key stakeholders are involved in the planning, decision making, management of ecotourism in the destination. The study fulfils the gap of lack of thematic analysis review of sustainable ecotourism frameworks and provides analysis for academicians and practitioners to understand already published ecotourism frameworks. It was also established that to enrich the findings of this research, regional studies of successful ecotourism frameworks should be conducted.

Brazil and Russia: Different Trajectories of Development?

2012 ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
G. Irishin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The World

This publication represents the materials of the regular academic seminar “The current problems of development” conducted by the Center of the problems of development and modernization within IMEMO. The attention of the key speakers and other seminar participants is focused on the comparison of the two BRICS countries – Brazil and Russia. The main emphasis is made on the analysis of the trends of social development. The point is that the quality of human capital determines the quality of economic growth, as well as the country's place in the world in the long run.

Bivariate Causality between FDI Inflows and Economic Growth in India Since 1990

2010 ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrooz Shahmoradi ◽  
Enayatallah Najibzadehr
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World

Nowadays, most of the countries in the world mostly concentrate on the flow of FDI, because it has direct relationship with economic development. The present study attempts to make a contribution in this context, by analyzing the existence and nature of causalities, if any, between FDI and economic growth in India since 1990, where growth of economic activities and FDI has been one of the most pronounced. The results indicate that there is a strong correlation between FDI inflows and GDP in India. And also there is unidirectional causal relation between FDI and GDP. Finally as co-integration shows there is no long run relationship between FDI and economic growth in India.

Interactive effects of human capital in finance–economic growth nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muazu Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactive effect of human capital in financial development–economic growth nexus. Relative to the quantity-based measure of enrolment rates, the main aim was to determine how quality of human capital proxied by pupil–teacher ratio influences the relationship between domestic financial sector development and overall economic growth. Design/methodology/approach Data are obtained from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank for 29 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 1980–2014. The analyses were conducted using the system generalised method of moments within the endogenous growth framework while controlling for country-specific and time effects. The author also follows Papke and Wooldridge procedure in examining the long-run estimates of the variables of interest. Findings The key finding is that, while both human capital and financial development unconditionally promotes growth in both the short and long run, results from the interactive terms suggest that, irrespective of the measure of finance, financial sector development largely spurs growth on the back of quality human capital. This finding is also confirmed by the marginal and net effects where the interactive effect of pupil–teacher ratio and indicators of finance are consistently huge relative to the enrolment. Statistically, the results are robust to model specification. Practical implications While it is laudable for SSA countries to increase access to education, it is equally more crucial to increase the supply of teachers at the same time improving on the limited teaching and learning materials. Indeed, there are efforts to develop rather low levels of the financial sector owing to its unconditional growth effects. Beyond the direct benefit of finance, however, higher growth effect of finance is conditioned on the quality level of human capital. The outcome of this study should therefore reignite the recognition of the complementarity role of human capital and finance in economic growth process. Originality/value The study makes significant contributions to existing finance–growth literature in so many ways: first, the auhor extend the literature by empirically examining how different measures of human capital shape the finance–economic growth nexus. Through this the author is able to bring a different perspective in the literature highlighting the role of countries’ human capital stock in mediating the impact of financial deepening on economic growth. Second, the author makes a more systematic attempt to evaluate the relative importance of finance and human capital in growth process while controlling for several ancillary variables.

The outlook for long-run economic growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-221
Author(s):  
Jesper Rangvid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Growth

The chapter discusses theory and empirics regarding long-run economic growth. After reviewing the historical facts, the chapter discusses likely scenarios for long-run growth. The chapter also presents the arguments in a heated discussion where one side argues that growth will be tremendously high going forward, but the other argues future growth will be low. The chapter concludes that it does not seem likely that growth will be superhigh going forward. Will it be very low, then? In Advanced Economies, growth will probably be lower than the historical average, but in other parts of the world, growth will most likely be just fine.

scholarly journals Evidential representation of using the modern devices and decisionmaking feasibility in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Saeed ◽  
Aftab Hussain Gillani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Dna Test ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Smart Appliances ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Technologies

In the long run of modernity and technicality, the use of smart appliances in every field of life has been the need and demand of the era. The evidential representation by using modern devices is permissible in various developed judiciary cultures of the world. Pakistani courts and the judiciary system are also adopting modern devices to present the evidence in the courts for authentic decision-making. The articles and sections of Qanun-e-Shahadat order, 1984 and Electronic Certification Accreditation Council under Section 18 clarified using modern technologies to present the evidence in the courts with state and religion's perspectives of acceptability. The study descriptively demonstrated various types of modern devices use for evidential representation of offenders data; press reports and press clips, fax, email and internet evidence, cell phones, computer-related data, audio recordings, photographs and screenshots, video films and video cassettes, CCTV footage, polygraphy test and DNA test. In each type of modern evidential representation, the registered, recorded and solved cases have also been mentioned as proof of modern devices application in court decision-making feasibility. The study found that the unapproached low-class sector of society feels reluctant to rely on and use modern devices for court hearings and decision-making due to unawareness and unavailability of modern resources. There is also the issue of some insecurities and inadequacies of using modern devices as evidential representation because of editing, cropping and regenerating the duplicate evidence that could not be verified due to lack of technical flaws and advancement of computerized technology.

scholarly journals INTRODUCTION TO CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Rabia Anam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Market ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Shortage

The China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) consist of various projects related to energy, telecommunication, and highways linking Gwadar Port to China thus creating a shorter route. This route has strategic importance as it provide cost effective way of exporting Chinese products to the world market and reducing transportation cost on oil imported from Middle East to China. The CPEC project is beneficial for Pakistan as it has potential to reduce country’s energy shortage, boost economic growth, create jobs and reduce poverty. The challenges to the project include security issues, political will, and foreign interference. It is recommended that government of Pakistan include key stakeholders such as local people, communities, Chinese government, and neighboring countries in the process in order to better overcome these challenges.

Long-Run Economic Growth: Stagnations, Explosions and the Middle Income Trap

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-458
Author(s):  
Robert C. Shelburne
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Economies In Transition ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Middle Income Trap ◽  
Additional Point

This paper explores the empirics of long-run economic growth by studying the pattern of growth for every country in the world between 1950 and 2015. Special emphasis is placed on ascertaining how the pattern of growth has changed over the last 65 years and how growth is related to the level of development. The analysis identifies historical time periods when growth stagnated or exploded and the levels of development where growth has a tendency to either stagnate or explode. Studying these growth episodes provides a number of insights into the question as to whether or not there is such a thing as a middle income trap. Although there are economies at every level of development that have stagnated for long periods, this study finds no evidence that this is systematically or uniquely related to middle income economies. An additional point of emphasis of this study is to highlight how the inclusion or exclusion of the former planned economies of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union affect these results; and likewise how China’s exceptional performance affects these results. Generally it is found that because of the size and extraordinary performance (both good and bad) of China and the Economies in Transition (EiT), that excluding them from the sample has a quite significant effect on estimates of global long-run growth and trends regarding growth over time and by income level.

Brazil and Russia: Different Trajectories of Development? (the end)

2012 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
G. Irishin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Capital Assets ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Focus

This publication presents regular materials of the scientific workshop "Modern Development Problems", which is held in the Center for Development and Modernization Studies of IMEMO RAN. The primary focus of the speaker and other workshop participants is on comparison of the two BRICS countries  Brazil and Russia. Herewith, the main emphasis is laid on the analysis of social development tendencies, because the quality of human capital assets is what determines the quality of economic growth and a country's position in the world in the long run.

Financial inclusion and economic growth linkage: some cross country evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinabandhu Sethi ◽  
Debashis Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Panel Causality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the dynamic impact of financial inclusion on economic growth for a large number of developed and developing countries. Design/methodology/approach This study uses some panel data models such as country-fixed effect, random effect and time fixed effect regressions, panel cointegration, and panel causality tests to examine the linkage between financial inclusion and economic growth. Panel cointegration is being used to test the long run association between financial inclusion and economic growth, whereas panel causality test is used to find the direction of causality between financial inclusion and economic growth. The data on financial inclusion are taken from Sarma (2012) for the period 2004-2010. Findings The empirical findings reveal that there is a positive and long run relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth across 31 countries in the world. Further, panel causality test shows a bi-directional causality between financial inclusion and economic growth Thus, the study confirms that financial inclusion is one of the main drivers of economic growth. Research limitations/implications This study has two limitations. First, this study considers only banking institutions in the analysis. Second, the period tested for the long run relationship is not long enough. Practical implications This study empirically measures the quantitative impact of financial inclusion policies pursued across the world. The study also suggests that policies emphasizing financial sector reforms in general and promoting financial inclusion in particular shall result in higher economic growth in the long run. Originality/value This study attempts to assess the long run relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth with the help of a multidimensional index of financial inclusion. Therefore, this can be a valuable contribution to the banks and policymakers.

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