scholarly journals Watermills and windmills as monuments in Poland - protection of cultural heritage in situ and in open-air museums

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Zachariasz Mosakowski ◽  
Dariusz Brykała ◽  
Maciej Prarat ◽  
Daria Jagiełło ◽  
Zbigniew Podgórski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Important Task ◽  
National Register ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Protection Of Cultural Heritage

This paper presents the results of research on the history of the protection of mills as objects of cultural heritage on Polish lands. First, the spatial distribution of over 20,000 mills at the beginning of the previous century is characterized, then the main actions undertaken for their protection in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are discussed. Merely 3.4% of mills that worked in the past are now protected as monuments and recorded in the national register. Most of them remain in their original locations (in situ), and another 71 windmills and 22 watermills have been relocated to open-air museums. These specific institutions face a particularly important task involving the necessity to retain the original functionality of the mills.

scholarly journals CAGAR BUDAYA SANG PENUTUR MASA SILAM CULTURAL HERITAGE THE TELLER OF THE PAST

Kebudayaan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
I Made Sutaba
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Past History ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Many ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Typology Analysis

Archaeological researches in Indonesia have discovered a number of various historical and archaeological artifacts that belong to cultural heritage. As historical evidences, this cultural heritage is an important source of the plural information and messages of the past life of our society. It is remarkable that this cultural heritage has some problems for example problem of typology, function, meanings, and the other for the society. Studying the problems, it is interesting to do research on its function as a teller of the past history that contained various aspects of the life of our society that not yet studied until today. By learning the problems, this research goal is to find the answer of the problems. To reach this goal, we do this research gradually by collecting data through literature study and field observation along with interviews. The next step is analysis carried out through methods of typology analysis, contextual, functional analysis, ethno archaeological and ethno historical approach. Finally the result showed that the function of our cultural heritage is as teller of the many-sided aspects of the past history of our artifacts such as technological aspects, social, and religious aspects but it is impossible to get full completed information due to some reasons. Keywords: archaeological and historical artifacts, cultural heritages, teller of the past.  AbstrakPenyelidikan arkeologi di Indonesia sudah berhasil menemukan artefak sejarah dan arkeologi yang beraneka ragam, yang tergolong sebagai warisan budaya. Sebagai bukti-bukti sejarah, warisan budaya ini adalah sumber informasi dan pesan-pesan kehidupan masyarakat masa lalu yang bersifat pluralistik. Menarik perhatian, bahwa warisan budaya ini mempunyai permasalahan yaitu, permasalahan tipologi, fungsi dan makna dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Mempelajari masalah ini, sangat menarik untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai fungsinya sebagai penutur sejarah masa silam, yang mengandung aneka ragam, aspek kehidupan masyarakat, yang belum dikaji sampai sekarang. Dengan mencermati permasalahan ini, maka tujuan penelitian ini, adalah untuk meneliti permasalahan tadi. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, penulis melakukan penelitian secara bertahap melalui pengumpulan data dengan metode kajian pustaka dan observasi lapangan yang disertai dengan wawancara. Langkah selanjutnya, adalah melakukan analisis dengan analisis tipologi, kontekstual, analisis fungsional, pendekatan etnoarkeologi dan etnohistori. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cagar budaya itu berfungsi sebagai penutur kehidupan masa silam yang mengandung aspek yang bersfiat jamak, adalah aspek teknologi, sosial dan religi, tetapi tidak mungkin untuk mendapat informasi yang lengkap karena berbagai faktor.Kata kunci: peninggalan sejarah dan purbakala, warisan budaya, penutur masa silam.

scholarly journals Strategi Konservasi Guna Mempertahankan Identitas Arsitektur Pura Situs di Desa Sibang (Pengurangan Resiko Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Arsitektural)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Ratih Pradnyaswari Anasta Putri ◽  
I Putu Adi Widiantara
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Site Conservation

Abstract: Pura is one of Balinese architectural works that serves as a place of worship for Hindus. Pura as one of the local wisdom of the Balinese people is often associated with the identity of a region and cultural heritage. Pura is considered as one of the real proofs of the history of history from the past until now. The rolling of time and time, and the absence of adequate historical documentation regarding temples in Bali caused changes and developments that often did not match the standard. Many factors can be said to be the cause of changes or developments in a temple, including: (1) lack of documentation; (2) understanding of local people who are still minimal in the process of building a temple; (3) the absence of rules, awig-awig, or guidelines regarding the process of building a temple; (4) the people's desire to carry out practical and inexpensive temple renovation processes; and (5) people's insensitivity to the identity of their territory. Sites that have historical value are instead replaced with new or current models that are not necessarily based on original literature from previous ancestral orders. Seeing this phenomenon, researchers believe that there needs to be a preservation effort, namely a conservation strategy so that changes and developments can be overcome and controlled according to their portion. This research was carried out in an exploratory manner with qualitative data analysis, which explores data in depth through in-depth interviews.                                     Keywords : Pura, Site, Conservation, IdentityAbstrak: Pura merupakan salah satu karya arsitektur Bali yang berfungsi sebagai tempat ibadah bagi umat Hindu. Pura sebagai salah satu kearifan lokal masyarakat Bali seringkali dikaitkan dengan identitas suatu wilayah dan warisan budaya. Pura dianggap sebagai salah satu bukti nyata perjalanan sejarah dari masa lampau hingga sekarang. Bergulirnya waktu dan jaman, serta tidak adanya dokumentasi sejarah yang memadai mengenai pura-pura di Bali menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan dan perkembangan yang seringkali tidak sesuai pakemnya. Banyak faktor yang dapat dikatakan sebagai penyebab dalam perubahan ataupun perkembangan sebuah pura, antara lain : (1) tidak adanya dokumentasi; (2) pemahaman masyarakat setempat yang masih minim terhadap proses pembangunan sebuah pura; (3) tidak adanya aturan, awig-awig, ataupun guidelines mengenai proses pembangunan sebuah pura; (4) keinginan masyarakat untuk melakukan proses renovasi pura dengan praktis dan murah; dan (5) ketidakpekaan masyarakat akan identitas wilayahnya. Situs-situs yang memiliki nilai historis malah diganti dengan model kebaruan atau kekinian yang belum tentu berdasarkan sastra asli dari tatanan leluhur sebelumnya. Melihat fenomena tersebut, peneliti meyakini perlu adanya sebuah upaya pelestarian yaitu strategi konservasi sehingga perubahan dan perkembangan dapat diatasi dan dikendalikan sesuai dengan porsinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan analisis data kualitatif, dimana menggali data sedalam-dalamnya melalui wawancara mendalam (in depth interview).Kata Kunci: Pura, Situs, Konservasi, Identitas

Culture, conflict and armed non-state actors: cultural heritage protection in a changing operating environment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dunkley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Protection Of Cultural Heritage

PurposeThis paper examines the implications, for States Parties, of the 1954 Convention safeguarding regime in the context of contemporary non-international armed conflict and ANSAs, with a general focus on the Middle East and in situ cultural property.Design/methodology/approachAs the nature of conflict changes and armed forces become further engaged in supporting peacekeeping operations and deliver training to host nation security forces, and human security becomes an increasingly important function of military operations, the protection of cultural heritage (as an expression of a people's identity) becomes a significant contribution to individual operations.FindingsInternational obligations to States Parties for the in situ protection of cultural heritage, under both International Humanitarian Law and HC54, become an ever increasing important responsibility for armed forces to help deliver.Research limitations/implicationsWhile NATO is increasingly focussed on the defence of western states parties from threats posed by the Russian Federation, and observing a commercially and military assertive China, a recent report issued by the Pentagon noted that the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is regrouping in Iraq faster than in Syria and could regain territory in six to twelve months in the absence of sustained military pressure.Practical implicationsPreservation in situ is used by heritage professionals to refer to the protection of a cultural heritage asset in its original location while the in situ protection of cultural property is a cornerstone topic of the 1954 Hague Convention Special Protection category. The Convention was drafted with international armed conflict in mind but the initial signatories to the Convention had sufficient foresight to consider non-international armed conflict and its potential effect on in situ cultural property by parties to the conflict, including Armed Non-State Actors (ANSA)Social implicationsUN Security Council Resolution 2449 (December 2018) recognized the negative impact of the presence, violent extremist ideology and actions on stability in Syria and the region of both Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and the Al-Nusrah Front (ANF). This includes not only the devastating humanitarian impact on civilian populations but also the unlawful destruction of cultural heritage.Originality/valueANSAs comprise individuals and groups that are wholly or partly independent of State governments and which threaten or use violence to achieve their goals, such as Islamic State. As such, the military operating environment has changed since 1954.

Art and archives

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Whalley ◽  
Clive Wainwright ◽  
Sarah Fox-Rtt
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Source Material ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
National Register ◽  
Siegfried Sassoon ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Kind ◽  
Victoria And Albert Museum ◽  
Active Policy

The Library of the Victoria and Albert Museum has always collected primary source material. This consists of artists’ letters, diaries, sitters’ books and various personal papers. Or it may be material of a more general kind: inventories, bills, unpublished articles, recipes for paints and varnishes and similar items of use to the Museum departments or to other readers. Occasionally in the past we have been offered material relating to a firm, a person, or a society, which consisted of a mixture of printed matter, photographs, original drawings, manuscript letters etc., which, when received in the Museum, would be divided among the relevant departments — the Library and the Department of Prints and Drawings in particular. The Library continues to acquire manuscript material of the kind mentioned above, and indeed in the last two years has pursued an active policy in this field. As a result we have acquired such varied items as the wardrobe accounts of the Empress Josephine for 1809 (2 large boxes of them), a 16th century herald’s sketchbook, an unpublished history of jade, and a letter from Sir William Nicholson to Siegfried Sassoon agreeing to illustrate ‘Memoirs of a fox-hunting man’. A list of the English accessions is published annually, and all acquisitions are notified to the National Register of Archives. Most of the items were acquired by purchase (e.g. from booksellers’ lists or auction sales), but there have also been some welcome donations.

scholarly journals Административно-правовой механизм комплексной реконструкции жилищного фонда исторических центров городов России

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accepted Practice ◽  
Complex Housing ◽  
Protection Of Cultural Heritage

На основе обзора теоретической и законодательной базы реконструкции жилищного фонда исторических центров городов России, а также результатов работы государственных органов за последние три десятилетия авторы представляют Механизм комплексной реконструкции жилищного фонда исторических центров городов России. Этот административно-правовой Механизм направлен на улучшение условий жизни людей и сохранение уникальных исторических ландшафтов городов. Проведён анализ действующей законодательной и нормативно-правовой базы охраны объектов культурного наследия: городского планирования и землепользования, а также институционных взаимодействий между государственными органами охраны объектов культурного наследия (федеральными, региональными и муниципальными), государственными кадастровыми органами и администрацией муниципалитетов, правовых отношений между участниками в области реконструкции жилищного фонда. Главное положение Механизма – согласование всех его элементов для обеспечения комплексной сохранности объектов культурного наследия. Ключевые слова: Механизм комплексной реконструкции, реконструкция жилищного фонда, исторический ландшафт города, объекты культурного наследия, градостроительство An overview of the accepted practice, theoretical and legislative basis for the renovation of the housing stock of the historic centers of Russian cities is presented. On this basis, the authors propose a Mechanism for the complex housing renovation of historic centers of Russian cities, aimed at improving the living conditions and preserving the unique historic urban landscapes. The analysis of the current legislative and regulatory framework for the protection of cultural heritage: urban planning and land use; institutional interactions - between state bodies for the protection of cultural heritage (federal, regional and municipal); state cadastral bodies and municipal authorities; legal relations between the participants of housing renovation programs. The Mechanism proposed by us is based on the results of the work of state bodies over the past three decades; one of its central provisions is the coordination of all elements of the Mechanism to ensure the comprehensive preservation of cultural heritage. Keywords: Mechanism of complex renovation of historic housing, historic urban landscape, cultural heritage, urban planning

scholarly journals PUBLISHING SIGN OF UKRAINE OF THE SECOND HALF OF XX – BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY: TRANSFORMATION IN TIME

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Petro Nesterenko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Editorial Staff ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Artistic Works ◽  
Over Time

Annotation. The article analyzes the little-studied art of the Ukrainian publishing sign, which has a history of almost fifty years and is well known for its highly artistic works. An excursion into the past of the Ukrainian publishing label has been made, collecting documents scattered across various sources of reports on samples of the publishing labels, both known and in the vast majority of unknown authors, and we pay tribute to this important cultural heritage that has developed in the course of the European process. The publishing signs of the second half of XX – beginning of XXI centuries are described and their artistic features are analyzed. The art of the Ukrainian emblem, especially in the last century, has not been practically studied. Probably, the topic is considered too small to draw enough attention. Turning pages of the book, few people pay atten- tion to the publishing house, thanks to which we have the happy opportunity to hold it. The artistic decision of modern publishing signs, which often quite often has a small font character, is not striking. They are created mainly by artists, editorial staff, without paying much attention to this process. However, there are times when they turn out to be the work of talented young artists who, over time, become famous. For example, the well-known art publishing signs for the leading Kiev publishing houses "Art" (artist V. E. Perevalsky) and "Rainbow" (artist O. I. Gubarev), created at that time by young graphic artists, who are now well-known folk artists of Ukraine. However, the art of the sign is an important component of book graphics, it does not lose its relevance at a new stage of society and deserves in-depth study.

scholarly journals SITUS “KOTO RAYO” DAN KEARIFAN TRADISIONAL DI TEPI SUNGAI TABIR JAMBI

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pahrudin
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Assertive Behavior ◽  
Entire Island

Dalam penelitian ini, penulis  membahas  ‘Koto Rayo’, sebuah pemukiman kuno di sisi Sungai Tabir, Jambi sebagai sebuah budaya dan kearifan lokal. Penelitian difokuskan pada nilai kearifan lokal yang dimiliki masyarakat dalam kaitan dengan situs ini. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan memunculkan fakta-fakta sebagai berikut. Pulau Sumatera memiliki peradaban tinggi di masa lalu, khususnya melalui Kerajaan Sriwijaya yang mengontrol dan mendominasi seluruh pulau ini dan sebagian besar wilayah Asia Tenggara. Salah satu wilayah Kerajaan Sriwijaya di Pulau Sumatera adalah Jambi, yang dahulu memiliki banyak Kerajaan Melayu. ‘Koto Rayo’ yang terletak di sisi Sungai Tabir ‘mungkin’ salah satu peradaban yang berhubungan dengan sejarah Kerajaan Melayu Jambi dan atau Kerajaan Sriwijaya di masa lalu. Situs ini mempengaruhi beberapa perilaku kearifan lokal pada masyarakat sekitar dalam wujud perilaku yang tegas dalam melestarikan lingkungan dan menjaga warisan budaya. Kearifan lokal ini penting untuk meminimalisir efek negatif globalisasi.The objective of this study is to discuss ’Koto Rayo’, an ancient settlement on the side of Tabir river, Jambi as a culture and local wisdom. The study focused on the value of local knowledge in the communities in connection with this site. Data was collected through observation, interviews and document analysis. The results and discussion led to the following facts. The island of Sumatra has a high civilization in the past, particularly through the kingdom of Srivijaya that controls and dominates the entire island and most of the Southeast Asia region. One of the kingdom of Srivijaya in Sumatra is Jambi, which once had many Malay kingdom. ’Rayo Koto’ located on the side of Tabir river is ’probably’ one of civilization associated with the history of the Malay kingdom of Srivijaya kingdom of Jambi in the past. This site affects some local knowledge on the behavior of the surrounding community in the form of assertive behavior in preserving the environment and maintain the cultural heritage. This local knowledge is essential to minimize the negative effects of globalization.

scholarly journals Up Close and Personal: Feeling the Past at Urban Archaeological Sites

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Complex Matrix ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Feeling ◽  
The City

In this article I focus on the emotional, sensory and aesthetic affordances of urban archaeological remains conserved in situ and explore what these ruins ‘do’ in the context of the layered urban fabric of the city. I am concerned with a particular category of archaeological remains: those that illustrate the colonial history of settler nations, exploring examples in Sydney and Montreal. Using Sara Ahmed’s concept of ‘affective economies’ – where emotions work to stick things together and align individuals with communities – I tease out some of the distinctive aspects of this particular form of social/emotional/material entanglement, that appears to create stable objects of memory and identity from a much more contingent and complex matrix of politics, social structures, and the more-than-human materiality of the city. I argue that an understanding of the affective qualities of ruins and archaeological traces, and of how people feel heritage and the past through aesthetic and sensuous experiences of materiality, authenticity, locality and identity, bring us closer to understanding how heritage works. 

Reconstructing the star formation history of the Solar neighbourhood with Gaia

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S334) ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Edouard J. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Star Formation Rate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Star Formation History ◽  
Solar Neighbourhood ◽  
The Past ◽  
Formation History ◽  
Magnitude Diagram ◽  
History Of

AbstractTaking advantage of the Gaia DR1, we combined TGAS parallaxes with the Tycho-2 and APASS photometry to calculate the star formation history (SFH) of the solar neighbourhood within 250 pc using the colour-magnitude diagram fitting technique. Our dynamically-evolved SFH is in excellent agreement with that calculated from the Hipparcos catalogue within 80 pc of the Sun, showing an enhanced star formation rate (SFR) in the past ~4 Gyr. We then correct the SFR for the disc thickening with age to obtain a SFR that is representative of the whole solar cylinder, and show that even with an extreme correction our results are not consistent with an exponentially decreasing SFR as found by recent studies. Finally, we discuss how this technique can be applied out to ~5 kpc thanks to the next Gaia data releases, which will allow us to quantify the SFH of the thin disc, thick disc and halo in situ.

Crimean Antiquities Seen through the Eyes of West-European Travelers of the Late 18th – Early 19th centuries

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Никита Храпунов ◽  
Nikita Khrapunov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
Intellectual Level ◽  
West European

The article examines various aspects of descriptions of the past and archeological sites of Crimea prepared by travelers that visited the peninsula in the first decades after its incorporation into Russia in 1783. It demonstrates that Crimea, which had previously been quite unknown to the European audience, became a popular place for educational trips – largely because of the unique concentration of the cultural heritage on its area. The analysis of the travelers’ notes showed that the foreigners had been attracted by monuments associated with the Ancient Greece and Rome, Scythians, Sarmatians and Tauridians, Crimean Goths and Byzantines, medieval Genovese colonies, the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate. The vogue of Crimea was boosted by the fashion for antiquity and fascination of the Europeans with the mysterious and romantic Islamic East. The study unveils that the travelers created an extensive, though rather mixed set of sources, whose authors had different intellectual level and varying interests, found themselves in different life circumstances, pursued various objectives and worked in a range of genres. The study of the travel essays helped to reveal the unknown pages in the history of archeological studies of Crimea, specifically, the history of the search for the ancient Chersonese or discovery of the capital of the late Scythians. The paper shows the importance of the travelers’ sketches for the modern architectural and archeological research and restoration projects. It is detected that the travelers turned individual monuments into tourist attractions, created and communicated stereotypes and legends. It is demonstrated that some foreigners applied to the history and archeology of Crimea to back up their economic and political projects.

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