scholarly journals Investigating Modality, Redundancy and Signaling Principles with Abstract and Concrete Representation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Ekrem Kutbay ◽  
Yavuz Akpınar
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Multimedia Learning ◽  
Modality Effect ◽  
School Students ◽  
Design Data ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Science Scores ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This study explored the effects of modality, redundancy, and signaling principles in multimedia learning with abstract and concrete representations of an animation on learning in real middle school settings. Based on these principles of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, ten types of treatment conditions were tested with a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design. Data were collected from a large sample (n=826) sample of children with low prior electricity knowledge. Analyses showed that all treatments helped students to develop knowledge of the topic to some extent. However, while the modality effect holds true for middle school students’ studying electricity units with a multimedia instruction in real school settings, the signaling and redundancy principles do not hold true. The study also investigated interactions among prior science scores, prior knowledge about the topic, and multimedia treatments. Findings were discussed in relation to similar studies reported in the literature. Finally, the study raised a set of further research questions in the last section.

Effectiveness of Cyber Bullying Sensitization Program (CBSP) to Reduce Cyber Bullying Behavior Among Middle School Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 504-513
Author(s):  
Surabhi Negi ◽  
Sunita Magre
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Cyber Bullying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

Cyber bullying is the unwise use of technology to harm and humiliate an individual or group over the Internet. The purpose of this article is to test the effectiveness of the cyber bullying sensitisation program (CBSP) to reduce the level of cyber bullying behaviour among middle school students. The sample was restricted to adolescents as they are the ones who are most exposed and vulnerable in the cyber space. A quasi-experimental pre-post design with intervention was adopted for the study. The participants of the study were comprised of 186 middle school students from two private schools in India. The experimental group had 94 participants while control groups had 92 participants. Statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between pre- and post-test scores in the experimental group. No significant difference was found between the experiment and control group before the program, suggesting that the program was effective in helping students in reducing cyber bullying behaviour. The implications for prevention and intervention programs were discussed.

scholarly journals Differences in Race and Gender of 6th Grade Science Students' Endocrine System Test Scores

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Jonell PEDESCLEAUX ◽  
Wanda MARTINEZ ◽  
Jiangong TAN ◽  
Janet McClAIN
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Science Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Science Scores ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Gender

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. This quantitative study measured endocrine system pre- and post-test scores of 77 sixth grade science students at a Midwestern middle school. Results indicated higher post-test science scores and differences in scores by race. It was concluded that middle school students differ in their level of understanding of life science information. 用定量研究的方法對美國中西部77名六年級科學科中學生的成績，進行先期測試和事後測試。測試結果顯示：事後測試的分值較高，而且種族之間分值差異較大。由此推斷，中學生在理解生命科學資訊水準上存有一定差異。

Effectiveness of Cyber Bullying Sensitization Program (CBSP) to Reduce Cyber Bullying Behavior Among Middle School Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surabhi Negi ◽  
Sunita Magre
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Cyber Bullying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

Cyber bullying is the unwise use of technology to harm and humiliate an individual or group over the Internet. The purpose of this article is to test the effectiveness of the cyber bullying sensitisation program (CBSP) to reduce the level of cyber bullying behaviour among middle school students. The sample was restricted to adolescents as they are the ones who are most exposed and vulnerable in the cyber space. A quasi-experimental pre-post design with intervention was adopted for the study. The participants of the study were comprised of 186 middle school students from two private schools in India. The experimental group had 94 participants while control groups had 92 participants. Statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between pre- and post-test scores in the experimental group. No significant difference was found between the experiment and control group before the program, suggesting that the program was effective in helping students in reducing cyber bullying behaviour. The implications for prevention and intervention programs were discussed.

Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Android untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Dian Puspita Eka Putri
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Multimedia Learning ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Increase Student Achievement ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Test Result

This study aims to review  the effectiveness of using android-based multimedia learning  to improve achievement cognitive learning outcome of students. The research method is the analysis of field studies. The focus in this research is Multimedia which can influence cognitive learning outcomes of students. data obtained in this study from the literature and direct field observations. The research subjects were high school students in Yogyakarta. The result of analysis and discussion of research indicate that there is the influence of multimedia learning to increase student achievement, which is indicated by increasing post-test result  than before  not using multimedia learning. Posttest value is greater than pretest.

Using Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Intention to Smoke in Middle School Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett Miller ◽  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
David Brown ◽  
Mohammad Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Control ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Coping ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The purpose of this study was to use social cognitive theory to predict the frequency and intention for not smoking among middle school students. The study utilized a cross-sectional design (n=163) and administered a 38-item valid and reliable questionnaire. Frequency for smoking was predicted by environment not supportive to smoking (p < 0.0001) and emotional coping (p < 0.001) (Adjusted R2= 0.20). Intent to smoke was predicted by emotional coping (p < 0.0001); environment not supportive to smoking (p < 0.001), expectations for not smoking (p < 0.003), and self-control for not smoking (p <0.017) (Adjusted R2= 0.36).

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Peer Assessment Training on Writing Performance among Arab EFL High School Students in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Mohammad Salem Almahasneh ◽  
Samsiah Abdul-Hamid
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
School Students ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Writing Performance ◽  
English As Foreign Language ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Assessment Training

Peer assessment training has appeared as potential new tools for enhancing Arab English as foreign language (EFL) high school students on writing performance. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of using peer assessment training on writing performance among Arab EFL high school students. One hundred and twenty students aged fifteen and sixteen years old participated in this study with an equal number of male and female students. The students were from two Arab high schools in Malaysia. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design. Data was collected using Analytical Marking Scale (Alderson, et al., 1995) to assess student’s writing performance in the pretest and posttest. The result of this study shows that there is a significant difference in the writing performances between the experimental and control groups at P &lt; 0.001. The findings suggests that students who have been exposed to peer assessment training write a better draft compared with those students who were only given conventional training in writing an essay, and without the benefit of peer feedback.

scholarly journals Effect of dengue hemorrhagic fever health education on knowledge and attitudes, in elementary school children in West Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Cecep Eli Kosasih ◽  
Mamat Lukman ◽  
Tetti Solehati ◽  
Henny Suzana Mediani
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Background: Flooding due to Citarum river overflowing is a natural phenomenon that is almost common every year, especially for the area around Citarum Dayeuhkolot. Floods cause various health problems, such as Dengue Haemorogic Fever (DHF). The high incidence of environmental-based infectious diseases in flood-prone villages in Dayeuhkolot is caused by problems in the health determinant factor which is associated with the still low awareness of the community that supports clean and healthy lifestyle behaviors (PHBS). Objective: To determine the effect of DHF prevention education on elementary school students' knowledge and attitudes. Methods: Quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test design. The study was conducted at Bojong Asih Elementary School, Pasawahan Elementary School, Cangkuang Elementary School, and Leuwi Bandung Elementary School in 2017. The samples in this study were all students in grades 4- 6 totaling 323 people. All students were given a questionnaire before the intervention and then given counseling about the prevention of DHF and given a questionnaire again to measure the level of knowledge and attitudes. Data analysis uses descriptive univariate analysis and bivariate t test. The approach method in this research uses the Integrated UKS method. 

scholarly journals Pelatihan empati sebagai upaya mengurangi perilaku perundungan pada siswa SMP

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-324
Author(s):  
Lika Lika
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
School Students ◽  
Empathy Training ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
School Based ◽  
Post Test

AbstractBullying tends to intensify during middle school years, especially amongst students who grew up in harsh environments and were exposed to negative behaviors in their formative years. This research is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of school-based empathy training in preventing bullying behaviors in middle school students. A sample of 25 students was selected using a purposing sampling technique. The two days training was split into six sections i.e. introduction The same group of students was given Pre and Post empathy training evaluation. The two days training consisted of six sections starting from the introduction of the program, baseline assessment, intervention, post-test, playing of video and a closing discussion. Evaluation of the training effectiveness was held a month after the training. The statistical study of pretest and posttest Empathy Training, pretest, and posttest Bullying questionnaires, using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks. The finding indicated that Empathy training resulted in a change of insight and improvement in bullying tendencies.Keywords: Behavior; Empathy training; Bullying  AbstrakFenomena perundungan di lingkungan sekolah, umumnya dilatarbelakangi oleh paparan perilaku agresi (verbal dan Fisik) yang sering dialami sebelumnya oleh pelaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pelatihan empati dalam mengurangi perilaku perundungan pada remaja di lingkungan sekolah. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 25 orang siswa/i yang diperoleh berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling. Perlakuan diberikan selama 2 hari, terdiri dari 6 sesi, yaitu sesi pembukaan, perkenalan, menjelaskan tahapan pelatihan, pengukuran awal, pemberian materi, pretest dan posttest,  pemutaran video dan diskusi. Evaluasi terhadap perubahan perilaku dilakukan sebulan setelah pelatihan diberikan. Uji statistik Pretest dan Posttest Materi Pelatihan Empati serta Pretest dan Posttest skala perundungan dengan menggunakan Tes Wilcoxon Signed Ranks. Hasil menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan pemahaman peserta mengenai perilaku perundungan serta penurunan kecenderungan memunculkan perilaku perundungan setelah mengikuti pelatihan empati. Kata Kunci: Perundungan, Perilaku, Pelatihan Meningkatkan Empati. 

A combined music and writing program helps second graders learn to spell

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-524
Author(s):  
Véronique Gaboury ◽  
Natalie Lavoie ◽  
Andrée Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
French Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Writing Program ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

This quasi-experimental study aimed to assess the effects of a music and writing program on lexical spelling in Grade 2 elementary school students. A music and writing program was developed and tested in an experimental group ( n = 24) comprising a Grade 2 class in a French-language elementary school in Québec (Canada). Another Grade 2 class at the same school served as a control group ( n = 23). Both groups were assessed for lexical spelling in January and May. Group comparison of the post-test results on performance and progress in lexical spelling showed significantly better scores for the experimental over the control group.

scholarly journals A Middle School Program to Prevent E-Cigarette Use: A Pilot Study of “CATCH My Breath”

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Kelder ◽  
Dale S. Mantey ◽  
Duncan Van Dusen ◽  
Kathleen Case ◽  
Alexandra Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Middle Schools ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Level ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: From 2017 to 2018, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use increased 78% among high school students and 48% among middle school students in the United States. However, few e-cigarette prevention interventions have been evaluated. We determined the feasibility and initial effectiveness of “CATCH My Breath,” an e-cigarette prevention program, among a sample of middle schools in central Texas. Methods: Twelve middle schools in Texas (6 intervention schools and 6 control schools) participated in the CATCH My Breath pilot program during 2016-2017. CATCH My Breath is rooted in social cognitive theory, consists of 4 interactive in-class modules, and is collaboratively administered via classroom and physical education teachers, student–peer leaders, and social messaging (eg, school posters). We collected 3 waves of data: baseline (January 2017), 4-month follow-up (May 2017), and 16-month follow-up (May 2018). Using school as the unit of analysis, we tested a repeated cross-sectional, condition-by-time interaction on e-cigarette ever use, psychosocial determinants of use, and other tobacco use behaviors. Analyses controlled for school-level sociodemographic characteristics (eg, sex, race/ethnicity, and percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch). Results: From baseline to 16-month follow-up, increases in ever e-cigarette use prevalence were significantly lower among intervention schools (2.8%-4.9%) than among control schools (2.7%-8.9%), controlling for covariates ( P = .01). Intervention schools also had significantly greater improvements in e-cigarette knowledge (β = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-1.21; P = .008) and perceived positive outcomes (β = –0.12; 95% CI, –0.23 to –0.02; P = .02) than control schools, controlling for covariates from baseline to 16-month follow-up. Conclusion: Ever e-cigarette use was lower among middle schools that implemented the CATCH My Breath program than among those that did not. Replication of findings among a larger sample of schools, using a group-randomized, longitudinal study design and a longer follow-up period, is needed.

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