Semi-Manual Processing Of Blood Clamps Waste into Chitosan Powder

Blood clams (Anadara granosa) are endemic clams found in Southeast Asia and East Asia. Blood clams are widely consumed by the public as seafood dishes in coastal food stalls. The great potential of blood clams will increase the waste of clam shells produced. The accumulation of shellfish waste will cause pollution and reduce environmental aesthetics. The chitin content in blood clam shells can be used as chitosan. Chitosan is a polymer of -(1-4) glucosamine which is formed when the acetyl group in chitin is substituted by hydrogen to become an amine group. Chitosan has antibacterial and antifungal properties. Isolation of chitosan was carried out through the stages of demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation. The limited use of laboratories during the pandemic is a major obstacle in the isolation process of chitosan. This study aims to process blood clam shell waste into chitosan in a simple way on a home scale. Processing includes deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation were done using tools and materials available at home. Laboratory equipment such as beakers could be replaced with pots, the reflux process was replaced by using a cloth to filter, and measuring cups were replaced with glasses. The research used 1500 grams of blood clam shell powder and produced 1050 grams of white chitosan with a slightly hard texture.

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Effect of Clam Shell Powder (Anadara granosa) Composition on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polyester Resin Particle Board Products

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2017.20136 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 81-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Hendra S. Ginting ◽

Maulida Lubis ◽

Fendi Suwito ◽

Billy Tanujaya

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Polyester Resin ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Particle Board ◽

Clam Shell ◽

Resin Particle ◽

Anadara Granosa ◽

Shell Powder

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PEMANFAATAN ABU CANGKANG KERANG DARAH (ANADARA GRANOSA) SEBAGAI KATALIS DALAM PEMBUATAN METIL ESTER DARI MINYAK JELANTAH

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v4i2.1465 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Bernandus Petrus ◽

Andika Prasetyo Sembiring ◽

Mersi Suriani Sinaga

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Kinematic Viscosity ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Clam Shell ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Blood Clam ◽

Anadara Granosa

Transesterification is the reaction to produce methyl esters in which this reaction’s involves catalyst of blood clam shell ashes of combustion at temperatures of 900 ° C for 3 hours and the amount of ash that is used by 8%, 10%, 12% (w / w). Ash used in dissolved in methanol with a molar ratio of methanol: oil of 9: 1, 12: 1 (n / n) to obtain a compound of calcium methoxide. Used cooking oil is filtered and then esterified with catalyst 3.0% (w / w) H2SO4 98% and methanol: oil TG (6: 1) to reduce the FFA to <1%. Transesterification reaction is carried out at a reaction temperature of 65 ° C for 3 hours, and keep stirring 700 rpm. Quantitatively, the optimum yield of methyl ester in the amount of ash produced is 12% (w / w) and the molar ratio of methanol: oil at 12: 1 (n / n) of 56.51% with specification methyl esters such as density, kinematic viscosity and purity methyl ester biodiesel in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2006, based on the analysis of GC (Gas Chromatography), the purity of the resulting methyl ester was 98.79%.

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The effect of clam shell powder on kinetics of water absorption of jute epoxy composite

World Journal of Engineering ◽

10.1108/wje-08-2020-0334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Hemalata Jena ◽

Abinash Panigrahi

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Epoxy Composite ◽

Jute Fibre ◽

Content Type ◽

Clam Shell ◽

New Class ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Shell Powder ◽

Marine Waste

Purpose Here, attempts have been made to explore the possible use of Marine waste as filler materials into the bio-fibre composites. Clam shell is a type of marine waste which belongs to the class of Bivalvia. It is mainly made of aragonite crystalline polymorphs. This paper aims to develop a new class of natural fibre composite in which jute fibre as reinforcement, epoxy as matrix and clam shell, as particulate microsphere filler. The study investigates the effects of different amounts of clam shell powder on the kinetics of water absorption of jute fibre-reinforced epoxy composite. Two different environmental conditions at room temperature, i.e. distilled water and seawater, are collected for this purpose. Moisture absorption reduces when clam shell is added to the jute-epoxy composite. The curve of water absorption of jute-epoxy composites with filler loading at both environmental conditions follows as Fickian behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Hand lay-up technique to fabricate the composite – Experimental observation Findings The incorporation of Clam shell filler in jute epoxy composite modified the water absorption property of the composite. Hence the present marine waste is an potential filler in jute fibre reinforced polymer composite. Originality/value The paper demonstrates a new class hybrid composite material which uses a marine waste as important phase in the bio-fibre-reinforced composite. It is a new work submitted for original research paper.

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Utilization of Cockle Shell (Anadara Granosa) as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates in Concrete

Al-Ard Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan ◽

10.29080/alard.v6i2.1193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 96-103

Author(s):

Ranno Marlany Rachman ◽

Try Sugiyarto Soeparyanto ◽

Edward Ngii

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

National Standard ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Concrete Compressive Strength ◽

Concrete Technology ◽

Normal Concrete ◽

Fine Aggregates ◽

Blood Clam ◽

Anadara Granosa

This research aimed to utilize Anadara Granosa (Blood clam shell) clamshell waste as a new innovation in concrete technology and to investigate the effect of Anadara Granosa clamshell powder utilization as an aggregate substitution on the concrete compressive strength. The sample size was made of cylinders with a size of 10 cm x 20 cm with variations of clamshell powder 10%, 20% and 30% from the fine aggregate volume then soaked for 28 days as per the method of the Indonesian National Standard. The evaluation results exhibited that the slump value exceeded the slump value of normal concrete with a slump value of 0% = 160 mm, 10% = 165 mm, 20% = 180 mm and 30% = 180 mm. Additionally, it was found that the concrete compressive strength obtained post 28 days were 20.78 Mpa, 21.95 Mpa, 21.17 Mpa and 24.28 Mpa for normal concrete (0%), substitution concrete (10%), substitution concrete (20%) and substitution concrete (30%), respectively. Leading on from these results, it was concluded that the increment of Anadara Granosa clamshell powder substitution led to the increase of concrete compressive strength test.

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Synthesis and characterization of calcium precursor for hydroxyapatite synthesis from blood clam shell (Anadara antiquata) using planetary ball mill process

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/602/1/012072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 602 ◽

pp. 012072

Author(s):

Gunawarman ◽

J Affi ◽

Y Yetri ◽

Ilhamdi ◽

D Juliadmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ball Mill ◽

Planetary Ball Mill ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Clam Shell ◽

Ball Mill Process ◽

Blood Clam ◽

Mill Process

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Haematological evaluation of naphthalene intoxication in the tropical arcid blood clam Anadara granosa

Marine Biology ◽

10.1007/bf00391962 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 223-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. T. Eapen ◽

B. Patel

Keyword(s):

Blood Clam ◽

Anadara Granosa

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Studi Kandungan Logam Berat Merkuri (Hg) dan Prediksi Kandungan Metil Merkuri (CH3Hg) pada Organ Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) di Kecamatan Sidayu dan Kecamatan Banyuurip, Pantai Utara Gresik, Jawa Timur [Study of Heavy Metal Content of Mercury (Hg) and Prediction Content of Methyl Mercury (CH3Hg) on The Blood Shellfish’ (Anadara granosa) Organs In Sidayu and Banyu Urip District, Gresik, East Java]

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.20473/jipk.v6i2.11310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 207

Author(s):

Baskara Adam Saleh, Boedi Setya Rahardja, Muhammad Arief

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Coastal Area ◽

Methyl Mercury ◽

Industrial Effluent ◽

River Estuary ◽

Mercury Contamination ◽

Filter Feeder ◽

Average Value ◽

Blood Clam ◽

Anadara Granosa

Abstract Oil drilling and industrial effluent that wasted through the Bengawan Solo River estuary is a source of environmental pollution in the Sidayu and Banyu Urip district, Gresik as one that produces the blood shellfish (Anadara granosa). One of the most dangerous contaminants of heavy metals is mercury. However shellfish can accumulate more heavy metals than other aquatic animals because it settle and filter their food (filter feeder) and slow to be able to avoid the effects of pollution The Aim of this study are to determine the levels of mercury and methyl mercury predictions on blood shellfish (Anadara granosa). The process of sampling was done at coastal area of Sidayu and Banyu Urip district, Gresik then performed using Atomic Absorbance readings Spectrophotometric (AAS). This is a descriptive study and the data obtained, and then continued with stoichiometric calculations to predict the content of methyl mercury. Based on the analysis of mercury and prediction of methyl mercury in the blood shellfish (Anadara granosa) organs in coastal area of Sidayu and Banyu Urip district, Gresik, has not exceeded the threshold of SNI, the value is 0.5 ppm. Mercury contamination was high in blood clam shell with the average value of 0.273 ppm and 0.293 ppm, followed by the stomach and intestines shell with an average value of 0.226 ppm and 0.281 ppm. Lowest contamination is on the organ gill, liver, and kidneys with the average value of 0.150 ppm and 0.133 ppm.

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