scholarly journals A SURVEY OF THE FOREST INSECTS OF PUERTO RICO PART II

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-608
Author(s):  
Luis F. Martorell
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Level Of Importance

The second part of the work is an entomological discussion of the most important forms of the Insecta affecting our trees. Often, the following information is given about each insect species: general distribution of the insect; description of the adults (male and female), eggs, larval, nymphal, pupal and chrysalis stages; habits, natural enemies, applied control and host trees. It would be really very hard to tell which are the most noxious insect pests of the forests, due to the fact that almost all of them are on the same level of importance. Only a few are outstanding as really dangerous pests of economic importance.

scholarly journals A SURVEY OF THE FOREST INSECTS OF PUERTO RICO PART I

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Martorell
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
The Family

The first part of the work consists of an annotated list of the insects affecting the trees. The host trees are mentioned by their scientific names in alpahabetical order, and the insects are listed under each species of tree. Directly under the name of each tree, the family to which it belongs is cited, followed by notes on distribution, uses or economic importance and common names of the tree species. Then the insects are listed or recorded, following more or less this sequence: insects affecting the flowers, fruits or seeds, twigs, branches, trunk and roots. Often, species attacking the decayed wood or resting on the tree will be mentioned at the end of each 565 tree discussed. Only the insects affecting the trees are recorded, that is, such records as "on the leaves", or "collected on the fruit", "on the trunk", etc., are not taken in consideration in this work. The parasitic forms are only mentioned when the specific host is known, otherwise parasites and predators just resting on leaves or other parts of the trees are not listed. This Survey is based on the insect population studies on 245 tree species, belonging to 169 genera. In the annotated list some trees only show two or three insects records while others might show thirty, forty or more records.

scholarly journals NOTES ON INSECT PESTS OF SOURSOP (GUANABANA), ANNONA MURICATA L., AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES IN PUERTO RICO

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-389
Author(s):  
Silverio Medina-Gaud ◽  
Fred D. Bennett ◽  
Alejandro E. Segarra-Carmona ◽  
Alberto Pantoja
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Annona Muricata

NOTES ON INSECT PESTS OF SOURSOP (GUANABANA), ANNONA MURICATA L., AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES IN PUERTO RICO

scholarly journals Notes on the Accidental Introduction of Umbonia crassicornis (Amyot and Serville)— (Hemiptera: Membracidae) into Puerto Rico and its Control

1969 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
Luis F. Martorell ◽  
José C. García-Tudurí
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
San Juan ◽  
The North ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Fertile Female ◽  
Umbonia Crassicornis ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Umbonia crassicornis Amyot & Serville, a continental tropical American treehopper or membracid, probably was introduced accidentally into Puerto Rico from the mainland. The manner of introduction is not known, but possibly either with infested plant material hidden in passenger baggage or as a fertile female hitchhiker in an airplane arriving at San Juan from the U.S. where it apparently found suitable breeding conditions in the vicinity of the Isla Verde International Airport. This treehopper mainly attacks leguminous trees. It was seen first in the Santurce area of San Juan, in May 1972, attacking its favorite host, Pithecellobium dulce trees. It since has spread throughout several towns in the interior of the Island, and along the north and west coast as far as Mayagüez. It has been recorded locally thus far on 11 different host trees. Umbonia is considered to be a pest of ornamental trees and thus is of economic importance. Although it has not killed trees thus far in Puerto Rico, it has affected their appearance by destroying many of their twigs and branches. When massive infestations occur, adults of both sexes and their nymphal stages are present by the thousands on the branches of the trees. The insect secretes honeydew, a sugary substance favorable to the growth of sooty-molds. These fungal growths cause blackening of foliage of plants upon which the honeydew falls. The female has a long pointed spinal process on the pronotum. This horny, splinter-like protuberance is a nuisance for barefooted people, as well as for those who catch the insect inadvertently. These treehoppers can be controlled by periodic spray applications of any one of the following insecticides: Diazinon AG-500, Spectracide, Sevin 80, Malathion 57%, Isotox Garden Spray, and Endosulfan.

scholarly journals Biological control of insect pests in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Fernando Gallardo-Covas
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Biological Control Of Insects ◽  
Toad Bufo

The first documented observation on biological control of insects in Puerto Rico was made by botanist Andres Pedro Ledrú who arrived on the island in 1797 with a commission of French scientists. Much later (1880- 1887), Johannes Gundlach classified braconid wasps of the genus Conura. In 1895, Fernando López-Tuero published a treatise on sugarcane and the beneficial effects of Apanteles sp. and Euplectrus sp., two natural enemies of the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis F. Since then more than 75 natural enemies were introduced, some very effective like the toad Bufo marinus L. in controlling white grubs in sugarcane, and others partially effective like the coffee leafminer parasitoid, Mirax insularis Muesebeck. Also, natural enemies were exported from Puerto Rico to other countries as far away as Mauritania. However, with the advent of chlorinated insecticides derived from DDT, in the early 1950s, the work on biocontrol declined dramatically, and not until the mid-1980s was biological control again considered a remedy to the problem of pests. In Puerto Rico, research was focused more on recognizing the endemic fauna of natural enemies and the introduction of parasitoids/predators. This paper presents a historical review and discussion of trends and approaches to the biological control of pests from its beginnings to the present.

scholarly journals Differential Deployment of Sanctioning Mechanisms in Male and Female Host Trees in a Gynodioecious Fig–Wasp Mutualism

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. e01515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek W. Dunn ◽  
Xiao‐Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiao‐Lan Wen ◽  
Bao‐Fa Sun ◽  
Rui‐Wu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fig Wasp ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Female Host

Sex difference in the cytosolic and nuclear distribution of androgen receptor in mouse submandibular gland

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kyakumoto ◽  
R. Kurokawa ◽  
Y. Ohara-Nemoto ◽  
M. Ota
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Scatchard Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Androgen Binding

ABSTRACT Cytosol and nuclear androgen receptors in submandibular glands of male and female mice were measured by an exchange assay at 0 °C. The binding of [3H]methyltrienolone to cytosol receptors in females was mostly saturated within a short period of incubation (3 h), whereas the saturation was much slower in males; suggesting that almost all of the cytosol receptors were unoccupied in females and the receptors were partially occupied in males. Nuclear receptors were extracted with pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (5 mmol/l) from nuclear fractions with 93–95% efficiency. The exchange of the bound steroids occurred by 24–48 h at 0 °C, suggesting that most of the nuclear androgen receptor was occupied. The binding was low at higher temperatures, probably due to inactivation of the receptor. Scatchard analysis showed that the apparent dissociation constants of cytosol and nuclear receptors were similar (0·8 and 0·9 nmol/l respectively) in both sexes. On the other hand, the number of androgen-binding sites in the nucleus was much higher in males than in females (1052 fmol/mg DNA and 32 fmol/mg DNA respectively), while the number in the cytosol was higher in females than in males (512 fmol/mg DNA and 368 fmol/mg DNA respectively). These observations show that androgen receptors exist mainly (74%) in the nuclei of males, while they exist mostly (94%) in the cytosol of females. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 267–273

Seasonal Incidence of Pulse Aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.) and its Natural Enemies on Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Relation to Some Abiotic Factors in Alluvial Zone of West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pal ◽  
S. Samanta ◽  
A. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Weather Parameters

Background: Field pea, Pisum sativum L. is an important winter-season pulse crop. It is subjected to damage by both field and storage insect pests and approximately 10-15 per cent reduction in yield was reported due to the infestation of different insect pests. Among these, pulse aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.) affects plant physiology directly by removal of nutrients or indirectly by dispersal of various viral diseases. The present investigation has been aimed to study the seasonal fluctuations of aphids and their natural enemies as well as their correlation. Another objective was to know the effect of various weather parameters on pulse aphids and their natural enemies which ultimately would be helpful to develop a forewarning model.Methods: The field experiment was conducted at the A-B Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal using two varieties of field pea (KPMR 935 and IFPD 122) during rabi seasons of two consecutive years of 2017-18 and 2018-19 following a Randomized Block Design with three replications. After recording the total population of both pests (nymphs and adults) and their natural enemies across the season, the mean population was worked out and used for correlation and regression studies along with the weather parameters. Result: Maximum aphid population was noticed during the peak pod formation stage of the crop irrespective of the varieties. The pest population was very strongly correlated with the incidence of coccinellid and ant population in both test varieties. Among the weather parameters, both maximum and minimum temperature and sunshine hour showed a positive correlation with the pest population and their natural enemies but relative humidity and rainfall showed a negative correlation. Regression studies indicated that temperature and relative humidity were the most influencing factors over the incidence of aphid in both the seasons.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document