Genome-Wide SNPs Detect Hybridisation of Marsupial Gliders (Petaurus breviceps breviceps × Petaurus norfolcensis) in the Wild

Petaurus breviceps and Petaurus norfolcensis have produced hybrids in captivity, however there are no reported cases of Petaurus hybridisation in the wild. This study uses morphological data, mitochondrial DNA, and nuclear genome-wide SNP markers to confirm P. breviceps breviceps × P. norfolcensis hybridisation within their natural range on the central coast of New South Wales, Australia. Morphological data identified a potential hybrid that was confirmed with next-generation sequencing technology and 10,111 genome-wide SNPs. Both STRUCTURE and NewHybrid analyses identified the hybrid as a P. norfolcensis backcross, which suggests an initial F1 hybrid was fertile. The mitochondrial DNA matched that of a P. b. breviceps, indicating that a P. b. breviceps female initially mated with a P. norfolcensis male to produce a fertile female offspring. Our study is an important example of how genome-wide SNPs can be used to identify hybrids where the distribution of congeners overlaps. Hybridisation between congeners is likely to become more frequent as climate changes and habitats fragment, resulting in increased interactions and competition for resources and mates.

Aged mouse ovarian immune milieu shows a shift towards adaptive immunity and attenuated cell function

The immune system plays a major role in maintaining many physiological processes in the reproductive system. However, a complete characterization of the immune milieu in the ovary, and particularly how it is affected by maternal aging, is still lacking. In this work, we utilize single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry to construct a complete description of the murine ovarian immune system and its changes along with pre-estropause aging. We show that the ovarian immune cells composition undergoes an extensive shift with age towards adaptive immunity. We analyze the effect of aging on gene expression and chemokine and cytokine networks and show an overall decreased expression of inflammatory mediators together with an increased senescent cells recognition. Our results reveal the changes in the aging ovarian immune system of the fertile female as it copes with the inflammatory stimulations during repeated cycles and the increasing need for clearance of accumulating atretic follicles.

P–569 Woman with CYP19A1 TC/CC genotype have increased susceptibility to infertility development, independently of the cause

Study question Is TC/CC genotype of codon 39 at CYP19A1 gene associated with the development of female infertility? Summary answer Yes, CYP19A1 codon 39 TC/CC genotype is associated with increased susceptibility to infertility development in women, regardless of associated cause. What is known already Aromatase protein is responsible for the aromatization of androgens into estrogens. This protein that catalyzes the final step in biosynthesis of estrogens is encoded by the gene CYP19A1. The CYP19A1 gene is located on chromosome 15q21.1. It is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily which are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in steroidogenesis. TC/CC genotype of codon 39 at CYP19A1 gene results in an increase of aromatase activity and thus affect the hormone levels which can lead to the development of various diseases, including infertility. Study design, size, duration A case-control study was designed to investigate the association of CYP19A1 gene polymorphism with female infertility. Case subjects, 201 women with infertility established as women under 39 years of age, that failed to establish a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. 161 fertile female controls, with no previous history of infertility, no previous history of gynecological pathologies compatible with infertility, and no history of IVF treatments, were selected. Participants/materials, setting, methods Blood was collected by venous puncture and genomic DNA was extracted. CYP19A1 genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-based methods with confronting two-pair primers. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression. Main results and the role of chance Significant statistical association of the TC/CC genotype combined with endometriosis risk was found, with reference to TT genotype (OR 4.554; 95% CI 2.209–9.386; p < 0.001). We also found an increased risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) associated with TC/CC genotype (OR 5.317; 95% CI 2.767–10.215; p < 0.001). We also observed an increased prevalence of premature ovarian failure associated with TC/CC genotype (OR 3.376; 95% CI 1.672–6.815; p = 0.001) and verified an increased prevalence of tubal pathology in carriers of TC/CC genotype (OR 3.231; 95% CI 1.653–6.314; p = 0.001). Finally, a strong association of TC/CC genotype with female infertility, regardless of the cause was found (OR 4.232; 95% CI 2.710–6.609; p < 0.001). In conclusion, TC/CC genotype is associated with increased susceptibility to infertility development in women. Limitations, reasons for caution The sample size may eventually be considered small, despite the strong significance found. Wider implications of the findings: There are not many studies in this area and the few existing exhibit disparate results. The association of TC/CC genotype with endometriosis was observed in a few studies, but some disagree. This difference could be attributed to the notable heterogeneity across the different studies. Trial registration number Not applicable

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF MALE INFERTILITY DUE TO OLIGOSPERMIA AND VARICOCELE: A CASE STUDY

Infertility is defined as the failure of a couple to achieve conception after one year of regular sexual intercourse without any contraception. Male infertility can be defined as any health issue in a man that lowers his chance of impregnating a fertile female partner. Current data reveals that about one third of all infertility cases is due to male factor defect. Oligospermia is a condition of suboptimal concentration of spermatozoa in the ejaculated semen to cause successful fertilization of an ovum. Hence the management of this issue is of utmost importance in the current days. Ayurveda addresses the male factor defects under broad classification of Ashtavidhasukradushti in which oligospermia can be correlated to Ksheenasukra. A 33yr old male with 3 years of married life diagnosed with oligospermia, increased viscosity of semen and bilateral grade I varicocele and wife aged 26yrs with regular, ovulatory cycles and with apparently no reproductive issues, were treated according to Ayurvedic principles. After Deepana pachana with Pippalyasavam and Vicharana snehapana with Sukumara ghritha and Mahakalyanaka ghritha, repeated Virechana with Avipathi choornam was given. Kokilaksha Kashayam and Varanadi Kashayam was given internally. Bala thailam and Pinda thailam was advised for external application. Follow up showed improvement in Seminal parameters in terms of sperm concentration, viscosity and resulted in pregnancy. The present case signifies the importance of Ayurvedic treatment in bringing a positive outcome in the field of male infertility.

BLACK AND RED ONCOM EXTRACT SUPPLEMENTATION LENGTHEN ESTROUS CYCLE AND THICKEN ENDOMETRIUM OF WHITE RATS

hytoestrogens are active compounds, derived from plants, which have a similar structure and function as estrogen. Phytoestrogens are commonly found in legumes. Oncom, which is assumed containing phytoestrogens, is one of the most famous legumes food from Indonesia and widely consumed daily in West Java. This study was aimed to determine the effect of oncom extract on estrous cycle, endometrium thickness, and the number of antral follicles in productive age rats (Rattus novergicus). This experimental study was using 21 three-to-four-month-old fertile female rats and divided into three groups. Group I (K) was considered as a control group without any treatment. Group II and III were treatment groups which were given black (H) and red (M) oncom extracts 0.005 g/g body weight, respectively, orally with a feeding tube for 14 days. The length of the estrous cycle was measured by performing vaginal swab with interval 12 hours after first treatment was given and during the treatment. Endometrium thickness and the number of antral follicles were measured by collecting the organs uterus and ovary for histological purpose with paraffin method after rats were euthanized post-treatment oncom extracts for 14 days. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and continued with LSD test. The total length of estrous cycle of control group, black oncom extract group, and red oncom extract group was 107,43±3,16 hours, 141,43±15,36 hours, and 161,14±17,10 hours, respectively. The mean of endometrium thickness of control group, black oncom extract group, and red oncom extract group was 346,945±65,88 ?m, 485,740±86,69 ?m, and 533,904±78,93 ?m, respectively. The number of antral follicles of control group, black oncom extract group, and red oncom extract group was 6,00±1,54, 8,43±2,99, and 9,14±2,72, respectively. Results showed that black and red oncom extracts had a significant effect on the length of estrous cycle and endometrium thickness in rats, yet there is no significant difference in the number of antral follicles. In summary, black and red oncom extracts had effects on the length of estrous cycle and endometrium thickness, yet there was no effect on the number of antral follicles.

Maternal and paternal carriage of the annexin A5 M2 haplotype: a possible risk factor for recurrent implantation failure (RIF)

Objective This study was carried out to determine the potential role of the M2/ANXA5 haplotype as a risk factor for recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Carriage of the M2/ANXA5 haplotype that induces prothrombotic changes has been implicated in failure of early pregnancies and placenta-mediated complications (preeclampsia, IUGR, preterm birth). Material and methods In the present case control study, 63 couples (females and males) with RIF presenting for IVF/ICSI to the Fertility Center of [masked] were analyzed. RIF was defined as ≥ 4 consecutive failed ART-transfers of ≥ 4 blastocysts or ≥ 8 cleavage-stage embryos of optimal quality and maternal age ≤ 41. Fertile female controls (n = 90) were recruited from the same center. Population controls (n = 533) were drafted from the PopGen biobank, UKSH Kiel. Results Couples carrying the M2/ANXA5 haplotype turned out to have a significantly increased relative risk (RR) for RIF. Compared with female fertile controls, RR was 1.81 with p = 0.037 (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.0–4.3) and RR was 1.70, with p = 0.004 (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.2–3.1) compared with population controls (15.4% M2 carriers). Male partners were comparable with RIF females for M2/ANXA5 haplotypes (28.6% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.54). RIF females compared with population controls had a RR of 1.55 (p = 0.09) and RIF males compared with population controls had a RR of 1.9 (p = 0.01). Couples with ≥ 7 failed transfers showed a RR of 1.82 (p = 0.02) compared with population controls. Conclusion Our findings suggest that maternal as well as paternal M2/ANXA5 haplotype carriages are risk factors for RIF. These results allow new insights into the pathogenesis of RIF and might help to identify relevant risk groups.

HUBUNGAN JUMLAH LEUKOSIT DENGAN MOTILITAS SPERMATOZOA PADA ANALISIS SEMEN PRIA DI SAMMARIE FAMILY HEALTHCARE 2019

Infertility is one of the most common male reproductive health problems. Male infertility is the inability of a male to result pregnancy in a fertile female in one year of non-contracepting sexual intercourse. Male with poor sperm quality are more susceptible to infertility. One of the cause of infertility in men is disruption of spermatozoa motility. Imperfect motility will reduce the quality of spermatozoa and the probability of conception. One cause of decreased motility is inflammation of the male reproductive tract. Inflammation that occurs will increase the recruitment of leukocytes in the reproductive tract and increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) so it can interfere the process of sperm formation and maturation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between leukocyte counts and spermatozoa motility. The number of leukocytes and the percentage of spermatozoa motility were obtained from semen analysis as secondary data. The research design used was cross-sectional. The number of samples in this study were 66 respondents who met the inclusion criteria.The results of the study showed a significant inverse relationship (negative correlation) (p = 0.007, r = -0.328) between the number of leukocytes and spermatozoa motility, which means if the number of semen leukocytes increases, the percentage of spermatozoa motility will decrease. Keywords: inflammation; leukocyte counts; spermatozoa motility ABSTRAKInfertilitas merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan reproduksi pria yang sering dijumpai. Infertilitas pada pria adalah ketidakmampuan seorang pria untuk menyebabkan kehamilan pada seorang wanita fertil setelah satu tahun hubungan seksual tanpa alat kontrasepsi. Pria dengan kualitas sperma yang kurang baik lebih rentan mengalami infertilitas. Salah satu penyebab infertilitas pada pria adalah gangguan pada motilitas spermatozoa. Motilitas yang kurang sempurna akan menyebabkan penurunan kualitas spermatozoa dan penurunan probabilitas terjadinya pembuahan. Salah satu penyebab penurunan motilitas adalah inflamasi pada saluran reproduksi pria. Inflamasi yang terjadi akan meningkatkan rekruitmen leukosit pada saluran reproduksi pria dan meningkatkan produksi reactive oxygen species (ROS) yang bersifat toksik bagi spermatozoa sehingga dapat mengganggu proses pembentukan dan pematangan spermatozoa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jumlah leukosit dengan motilitas spermatozoa. Jumlah leukosit dan persentase motilitas spermatozoa didapatkan dari data sekunder, yaitu data hasil analisis semen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross-sectional). Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 81 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan terbalik (korelasi negatif) yang bermakna dengan kekuatan korelasi sangat lemah (p = 0.007, r = -0.328) antara jumlah leukosit dengan motilitas spermatozoa, yang berarti jika jumlah leukosit semen semakin meningkat, maka persentase motilitas spermatozoa akan semakin rendah.

MANAGEMENT OF MALE INFERTILITY (OLIGOASTHENOZOOSPERMIA) WITH AYURVEDA

Male infertility refers to a male’s inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female. There are many reasons that aid the pathology of male infertility primary includes low sperm count, volume, motility, abnormality in shapes and few reproductive dysfunctions. Oligoasthenozoopsermia which is one of the major causes behind male infertility comprises two conditions – Oligospermia (low sperm count) and Asthenozoo-spermia (reduced motility of sperm).Researches reveals that 1 in every 3 cases of infertility are due to the male partner so nowadays diagnosis and management of both the partners is now considered as a vital tool. In this article, I report a case of a 30-year-old male patient with complaints of wanting an issue after a complete year of regular, unprotected intercourse. For which he had undergone all the regular diagnostic investigations of his wife, which reported no issues and recorded with regular and ovulatory cycles with patent tubes. Then progressing in the diagnosis, he had undergone a semen analysis and got diagnosed with Oligoasthenozoospermia. The issue was successfully treated with Ayurvedic drugs within a period of 1 month.

SELF-TRACKING ‘FEMTECH’: COMMODIFYING & DISCIPLINING THE FERTILE FEMALE BODY

This paper engages with feminist political economists to explore questions of affective labour and value-production in self-tracking technologies designed for the female body (‘femtech’). Self-tracking femtech is largely characterised by smartphone applications and smart devices that track user data relating to menstruation, fertility periods, sexual activity, ovulation, hormones, and health and wellbeing. This data can be collected through self-reporting or through automated transmission from sensory devices attached to the body. By reflecting on my own experiences with these technologies, this paper argues that users of self-tracking femtech perform the labour of reproducing our bodies and our affective relations in ways that are amenable to both capitalist and patriarchal structures of power. Situated within the broader shifts of care and social reproduction, self-tracking femtech can be understood as affective infrastructures that re-stabilise gender norms and continue to unevenly push the burden of reproduction onto a class of unpaid women. I explore the ways that affective experiences are shaped and modulated by self-trackers to (re)produce and discipline the fertile and sexual female body to be $2 a productive labouring body and heterosexually attractive feminine subjectivity. The labour of reproduction is further intertwined here with the labour of producing data for digital media industries that generates profit in the advertising marketplace. By examining co-constitutive and paradoxical forms of value at play, I dually situate self-tracking femtech within broader political struggles and locate the spaces of agency in our everyday entanglements with digital media technologies.