scholarly journals Effect of Depth of Lime Application on Yield and Foliar Composition of Soybeans Grown on a Typical Ultisol of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Raúl Pérez-Escolar ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
T. W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Aluminum Content ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum ◽  
Line Equation ◽  
Lime Application

The effects of lime applied at 20, 40, and 60 cm depths, and calcium nitrate applied in the top 20 cm, in terms of yield of two soybean crops, Jupiter variety, and on the factors of soil acidity in Humatas clay (a typical upland Ultisol of Puerto Rico) were determined. Highly significant and significant correlations between soybean yield and factors of soil acidity of the topmost 60 cm of the soil profile were measured in the first and second crops, respectively. A straight line equation best described the results. As long as 33 months following the lime application in treatments bearing lime in the top 20 cm layer, increases of soil pH and bases and subsequent decreases in the exchangeable aluminum content of the 20 to 40 cm layer beneath were evident and indicative of lime movement.

scholarly journals Effect of Depth of Lime Application on Yield of Two Corn Hybrids Grown on a Typical Ultisol of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Raúl Pérez—Escolar ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Lime Application

The effects of lime applied at 20, 40, and 60 cm depth, and of calcium nitrate applied in the top 20 cm, in terms of yield of two corn hybrids and on soil acidity factors in Humatas clay (a typical upland Ultisol of Puerto Rico) were determined. The first corn crop (Funk's G-795 W) revealed a significant linear relationship between corn yield and soil pH and exchangeable bases of the top 60 cm. The second crop (G-795 W), the dry stover yield of which was used as a criterion to evaluate treatments, did not reveal significant effects of soil acidity factors on yield. The third crop (Pioneer X-306 B hybrid) showed a highly significant quadratic effect of pH and soil acidity factors of the 0-60 cm zone on corn yield. The fourth crop (X-306 B) revealed a highly significant linear effect of pH and soil acidity factors on yield. The application of calcium nitrate resulted in low yields approximating those of the unlimed treatments. The inactivation of ionic aluminum , particu larly at lower soi l depths, with concomitant improvement in root development and moisture uptake is considered the main reason for higher yields.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. XII. Tomatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
José Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Abruña
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Exchangeable Al

The effect of acidity factors of two Ultisols and one Oxisol on yield and foliar composition of tomatoes was determined. Yields were not markedly reduced by acidity in the Ultisols until pH dropped to around 4.6 with 45% Al saturation of the cation exchange capacity (CEC), and no yield was produced at about pH 4.1 and 80% Al saturation. In the Oxisol, tomato yields dropped steadily from 39.7 t/ha, when there was no exchangeable AI, to 17.5 t/ha at the highest level of acidity, pH 4.4 and 43% AI saturation. In all soils, yields were closely correlated with soil pH, exchangeable Al and Ca and Al/Ca.

Effect of Soil pH and Related Acidity Factors on Yields of Sweetpotatoes and Soybeans Grown on Typical Soils of the Humid Tropics

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Raúl Pérez-Escolar
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

The effects of soil pH and related acidity factors on the yields of sweetpotatoes, Miguela var., and soybeans, Jupiter var., were determined on typical Oxisols and Ultisols of Puerto Rico. The study revealed no significant effect of pH and acidity factors on the yield of the sweetpotato variety, which was quite tolerant to high soil acidity and exchangeable Al. Yields were similar to those obtained by other researchers who worked with other varieties. Soybeans, although relatively tolerant to high levels of exchangeable Al, were adversely affected when values surpassed 5.5 meq/100 g of soil in a clayey Ultisol. Exchangeable base content was directly related to soybean yield grown on a light textured Oxisol. Yields obtained are considered excellent. Highly significant correlations between soybean leaf N content and yield was found in the clayey Ultisol.

Effect of soil acidity on barley production in the south-west of Western Australia. 2. Cereal genotypes and their response to lime

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dolling ◽  
WM Porter ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Extractable Al

The effect of aluminium (Al) toxicity of either surface or subsurface soil on the growth of barley, and the potential for variation in response to soil acidity among agronomically adapted Australian barley genotypes, were examined at 13 sites. The effect of Al toxicity was investigated by plant analysis, using 3-5 lime application rates and Al-tolerant species (wheat, triticale), as well as barley. All cereals were supplied with complete nutrients. To measure the potential for response variation, grain yields of 14 genotypes of barley, relative to cv. Stirling, were related to soil pH at 7 sites. Grain yield of barley was increased 9-30% at 6 sites, by lime application alleviating A1 toxicity. The yield of triticale and wheat cv. Aroona was not increased by lime application at any site. There was some indication that subsurface acidity may be reducing the grain yield of barley at sites with CaCl2-extractable Al concentrations of 23-4 mg/g in the A2 horizon. Some barley genotypes appeared to be more tolerant than Stirling to soil acidity. Aluminium toxicity appears to be reducing barley grain yields by more than 10% at surface soil pH <4.5 (0.01 mol CaCl2/L), or when CaCl2-extractable Al is >3-4 mg/g. CaCl2-extractable A1 in the surface soil was not a better indicator of Al toxicity than soil pH.

scholarly journals Response of Corn to Acidity Factors in Eight Tropical Soils

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
Raúl Pérez-Escolar ◽  
José Vicente-Chandler ◽  
Robert W. Pearson ◽  
Servando Silva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Aluminum Content ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum ◽  
Close Relationship

The effect of soil acidity factors was determined on yields and foliar composition of corn grown on Ultisols and Oxisols typical of the Humid Tropics. Soil pH values increased from about 3.8 with a base saturation of around 20 percent to about pH 5 with a base saturation of around 70 percent based on cation exchange capacities determined with neutral ammonium acetate. The low pH values in relation to exchangeable base contents are explained by the presence of free salts. The level of aluminum saturation of the soil based on exchange capacities as determined with ammonium acetate decreased from 40-percent at about pH 3.9 to 0 at about pH 5.2. The Ultisols had a high content of exchangeable aluminum when acid but the more weathered Oxisols contained little aluminum. A very close relationship exists between exchangeable base (Ca + Mg) and aluminum values based on total exchange capacities determined either with ammonium acetate at pH 7.0 or by the sum of cations at a given pH permitting conversion of one value to another. Corn responded strongly to liming particularly on the Ultisols which had high exchangeable aluminum content when acid. Calcium content of the corn leaves increased with soil base content and with yields but foliar composition was not otherwise affected by liming. Corn yields increased with pH to about 5.2 at which pH level these soils contained essentially no exchangeable aluminum, with exchangeable base content as determined with ammonium acetate to about the 70-percent saturation level, and with decreasing exchangeable aluminum in the soil to essentially 0. Soil pH, exchangeable base, and exchangeable aluminum content were effective criteria for liming these soils.

Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. X. Pigeon Peas

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443
Author(s):  
F. Abruña ◽  
E. Rivera ◽  
J. A. Rodríguez-García
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Leaf Composition

The effect of various soil acidity factors on yield and leaf composition of pigeon peas [Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth] was determined in two Ultisols and one Oxisol. Pigeon peas barely responded in yield to soil acidity levels in the Oxisol, but responded strongly to variations in soil acidity in the two Ultisols. Yields increased from almost zero at the highest level of acidity (about pH 4 and 80% Al saturation) to more than 8 t/ha at about pH 6.0 with no exchangeable Al present. Yields increased with increasing soil pH, decreasing exchangeable Al content, and increasing exchangeable Al:Ca ratio. Yields were highest when pH was about 6.0, exchangeable Al was less than 20%, and exchangeable Al:Ca was less than 1.0. Soil acidity did not affect leaf composition, except that Ca content decreased with increasing acidity and correlated well with yields, ranging from about 0.5% with lowest yields to more than 1% with the highest yields. Number of nodules per plant was not affected by acidity factors, except at the highest level of acidity, at which no nodules were found.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Acidity and Liming on Yields and Composition of Sugarcane Growing on an Ultisol

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Fernando Abruña Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Juárez ◽  
Raúl Pérez Escolar ◽  
José Vicente Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum

Variable liming and heavy fertilization of a Cialitos clay (ultisol) over a 7-year period markedly affected soil properties and yields of subsequently planted sugarcane. A total of 3,680 pounds of N, 480 pounds of P, and 2,870 pounds of K had been applied per acre to all plots over this period. Cane yields increased from less than 1 ton per acre, when no lime had been applied, to over 40 tons when a total of 20 tons of limestone had been applied per acre over the previous 7-year period. Yields increased with increasing exchangeable base content in the upper 6 inches of soil from less than 10 tons per acre when exchangeable bases dropped below 3 meq., to over 40 tons when exchangeable bases exceeded 8 meq./l00 g. of soil (58-percent base saturation). Cane yields increased with decreasing exchangeable Al from less than 10 tons, when exchangeable Al exceeded 8 meq., to over 40 when exchange able Al was less than 2 meq./100 g. of soil. Yields increased with increasing soil pH, but the presence of free salts in this heavily fertilized soil made pH an unreliable criterion for determining the need for liming. Applying 8 tons of limestone per acre to the surface of a very acid Cialitos clay before planting increased cane yields from an average of 12.4 to 34.5 tons per acre, and decreased exchangeable Al from 7.3 to 0.5 meq. per 100 g. of soil. The foliar composition at 9 months of age, and the sucrose content of the sugarcane were not affected by the soil factors studied, or by lime applications, and remained unchanged, at satisfactory levels, in plots yielding from almost 0 to over 40 tons of cane per acre. A survey showed that in many sugarcane soils of the Humid Region exchangeable aluminum exceeded levels that depressed cane yields on Cialitos clay in this experiment.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. VIII. Yams

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-445
Author(s):  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
José Vicente-Chandler ◽  
José A. Rodríguez García
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Crop Response

The effect of various soil acidity factors on yield and foliar composition of yams (Dioscorea alata L) were determined in two Ultisols and an Oxisol. The yam cultivar Smooth Statia responded strongly to variations in soil acidity in the two Ultisols. Yields decreased sharply as % Al saturation of the effective cation exchange capacity of the soil increased. Relative yields dropped to about 60% of maximum when Al saturation was only about 10%, and to 20% of maximum when Al saturation was 50%, a level common among Ultisols of Puerto Rico. The high sensitivity of this crop to soil acidity is shown by the fact that yields were sharply reduced when pH dropped from 5.6 to 5.1, a level at which most crops show little or no response to liming. Foliar composition was not affected by soil acidity, except that Ca content decreased with decreasing soil pH and increasing Al saturation. Yields of cultivar of the same species as Smooth Statia and known locally as Name de Palo were not affected by soil acidity levels in an Oxisol.

The influence of lime application on the chemical and physical characteristics of acidic grassland soils with impeded drainage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
D. Corbett ◽  
D. P. Wall ◽  
M. B. Lynch ◽  
P. Tuohy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lime Application

Abstract Soil acidity and poor nutrient use efficiency are major limiting factors as regards output potential on heavy soils, soils which are dominated by high proportions of clay and organic matter, with impeded drainage, high buffering capacity and located in high rainfall areas. Lime is applied in order to counteract these limiting factors and in turn improve agricultural output and productivity. The current study investigates the effects of two commonly used lime products at three comparable treatment rates, ground lime (7.5, 5 and 2.5 tonne/ha) and granulated lime (7.5, 2.5 and 1.5 tonne/ha), applied across three distinct sites. The ability of each lime product and treatment rate to counteract soil acidity, increase nutrient availability and influence soil physical structure was assessed over time. On average across sites, 1 tonne/ha of each lime product increased soil pH by 0.15 and 0.21 pH units between ground and granulated lime, respectively. Site 3 experienced the greatest increase change in soil pH in comparison to the other two sites, largely due to lower clay content and cation exchange capacity. Granulated lime was 5.7 times more expensive than ground lime in its ability to reduce soil acidity. The high treatment rate showed the greatest reduction in soil acidity, aluminium and iron concentration as a mean across all sites. Morgan's soil test phosphorus concentration increased across all sites, with treatment rates having no effect on the rate of increase. There was evidence of reduced soil compaction and lime application showed no negative implication on soil physical structure.

scholarly journals Association between Soil Acidity and Bacterial Wilt Occurrence in Potato Production in Ethiopia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1541
Author(s):  
Shiferaw Tafesse ◽  
Ciska Braam ◽  
Barbara van Mierlo ◽  
Berga Lemaga ◽  
Paul C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Soil acidity is one of the main constraints to crop production worldwide. In Ethiopia, the problem of soil acidity has been increasing. Currently, more than 40% of cultivated land in the country has a soil pH < 5.5. Recently, bacterial wilt (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum) has become a serious problem, reaching epidemic levels in some of the major potato growing districts in the country. However, it is currently unknown if the current outbreak of bacterial wilt in potato production is associated with soil acidification or not. To examine the association between bacterial wilt and soil acidification, we conducted a field survey and field experiments and detected and characterised R. solanacearum strains. The study showed that 50% of potato fields were very strongly acidic (pH 4.5–5.0) and bacterial wilt incidence was higher in potato fields with low soil pH. The field experiments indicated that lime application significantly increased soil pH (p < 0.001) and reduced bacterial wilt incidence (p < 0.001). The more lime was applied, the stronger the positive effect on soil pH and the stronger the reduction in bacterial wilt incidence. Bacterial wilt incidence was on average 10.8% under 12 t/ha lime application, while it was about 40% in control plots (without lime) after 90 days. All R. solanacearum strains isolated from the symptomatic potato plants were Phylotype II. Our findings show that the current outbreak of bacterial wilt in Ethiopia is associated with soil acidification. They add to the understanding of the risk factors for bacterial wilt in potato. Aside from farm hygiene, sanitation and cultural practices, addressing soil acidification using lime needs to be considered as an additional component of an integrated package to deal with bacterial wilt in potato under acidic soil conditions.

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