scholarly journals Yield and Nutritive Value of Sorghum, Maize and Soybean Forages Harvested in Southwestern Puerto Rico.

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-411
Author(s):  
D. G. St. Louis ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
A. Ramírez-Ortiz ◽  
R. E. McDowell

Six varieties of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sorghum X sudangrass hybrids (S. bicolor X S. sudanese), six varieties of grain sorghum (S. bicolor) and three varieties each of maize (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) were grown in 1.2 x 3.7 m plots at the Lajas Experiment Substation. All plots were harvested in the boot, flower and dough stages. Ratoons of the sorghum varieties were also harvested after 45 days of regrowth until the stands diminished. The forage sorghums and maize had higher yields of green and dry material than the grain sorghums. However, only the grain sorghums showed any significant increase in yield as the crop matured. All crops decreased in nutritive value with advance in age. In general, maize was higher in nutritive value than the forage sorghums. Results indicated that forage sorghums can be recommended due to high yields of good quality forage on irrigated lands on the south coast. However, results with soybean forage were poor. It does not appear feasible to produce soybeans to enhance the crude protein content of forage pellets.

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. NISSINEN ◽  
P. KALLIAINEN ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN

The development of the yield and nutritive value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) both in the primary growth and in the regrowth were studied at MTT Plant Production Research, a unit of MTT Agrifood Research Finland, in Rovaniemi (66°35´N) in 1999–2001. The dry matter yield and leaf:stem ratio were measured from the crop samples, and the contents of crude protein and organic matter digestibility of both whole plant samples and leaf and stem fractions were analysed. In primary growth, the most rapid increase of dry matter, 220–240 kg ha-1 per day, was measured around the beginning of the heading stage. There was a very strong positive correlation between the proportion of stems and the amount of dry matter in the primary yield. The daily growth rate of the regrowth was less than half of that of the primary growth. The fastest decrease, 1 percentage unit per day, in crude protein content was measured at the pasture stage (4–5-leaf stage). During the entire sampling period, the average daily decline in crude protein content in the primary growth of timothy was 0.65 percentage units. The main cause for the rapid decline in crude protein content was the high proportion of stem matter and its low protein content. In the regrowth, during the last four weeks before the harvest, the average daily decline in crude protein content was 0.28 percentage units.The average decline in organic matter digestibility from early pasture stage to late silage stage was 0.9 percentage units per day. The most remarkable change was noticed at the growth stage of timothy when about the half of stems were heading and it was then that the digestibility decreased by more than one percentage unit per day. The rapid decline in organic matter digestibility was due to the low digestibility of stem matter. The daily change in forage digestibility in the regrowth was very small, on average 0.11%.;


Author(s):  
Laura DALE ◽  
Ioan ROTAR ◽  
Vasile FLORIAN ◽  
Roxana VIDICAN ◽  
André THEWIS ◽  
...  

Medicago sativa or alfalfa is a flowering plant that belongs to Pea Family that is widely grown throughout the world as forage for cattle, and is most often harvested as hay. Usually, alfalfa has the highest nutritive value of all common hay crops. This work aims to highlight a way for direct, non-destructive analysis of crude protein content in alfalfa hays. The primary objective was to build a model for crude protein calibration for alfalfa based on FT-NIR spectroscopy. The samples for analysis were collected over two experimental years (2008-2009) from field trials from the research station– Agricultural Development, Cojocna. In order to construct the model, reference values are needed; for this reason, the crude protein content was determined using the classical Kjeldahl method (Kjeltec Auto Analyser, Tecator). The values for crude protein ranged from 12.63% to 19.12% on the dry matter basis. The regression model’s construction was based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) calculated with the SIMPLS algorithm, using different pre-processing techniques and leave-one-out cross validation. Calibration of the two years together drove to a coefficient of determination for cross validation, R2 of 0.965. The robustness of the model was confirmed by applying it to independent samples (external validation) where the coefficient of determination was R2 = 0.977, RMSEP = 0.8. The results obtained indicated that NIRS can be used to determine crude protein, which could be used as criteria for quality control of alfalfa hays.


2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Cohen

An in sacco (nylon bag) technique was used to estimate the degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein, and to estimate the effective rumen degradability of protein (ERDP), for 3 irrigated clover herbages. Pasture characteristics (nutritive values and leaf: stem ratios) were also described, and relationships to ERDP established. The nutritive value characteristics and degradabilities of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.), and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) were also compared for various regrowth periods (of 3, 4, 6, and 12 weeks). Nutritive value characteristics of clover herbages varied from 9.9 to 11.9 MJ/kg DM for metabolisable energy, 153 to 304 g/kg DM for crude protein, and 209 to 377 g/kg DM for neutral detergent fibre. The leaf: stem ratio correlated well with the crude protein content of the clovers, with herbages consisting of more leaf generally having superior crude protein content (R2 = 0.64, P < 0.001). The effective rumen degradability of protein for clover herbages ranged from 60 g/kg DM for mature (12 week regrowth) subterranean clover to 195 g/kg DM for vegetative (3 weeks regrowth) Persian clover. For clover herbages with a 3-week regrowth period, after initial cutting to 5 cm, and at ruminal outflow rates of 0.08/h, the effective rumen degradability of protein varied from 136 to 195 g/kg DM. A positive relationship between crude protein and ERDP (R2 = 0.82) suggested that ERDP could be estimated for clover herbages that have been previously assessed for crude protein content, obviating the need for in sacco studies. Calculated degradabilities were lower for all clovers when higher ruminal outflow rates were assumed. Using the metabolisable protein system, metabolisable protein supply and metabolisable protein in excess of animal requirements were calculated. Ruminal losses of nitrogen were also estimated for cows consuming white clover of varying regrowth periods in both early and late lactation. It was concluded that metabolisable protein supply is unlikely to limit production in these examples. At regrowth periods of 3 weeks, metabolisable protein contributions from microbial and dietary sources were similar, and twice that required by the animal. Ruminal losses of nitrogen were substantial and amounted to 66—23% of nitrogen intake. In the experiments reported here, if all of the energy required to excrete excess protein (as urea) could instead be used for the production of milk, cows may have produced 0.5mp;mdash;2.0 kg more milk per day. Such losses could potentially be reduced if the protein content and/or degradabilities of clover herbages were reduced, and/or energy rich supplements were offered.


2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. Lima ◽  
Domingos S. C. Paciullo ◽  
Fabyano F. Silva ◽  
Mirton J. F. Morenz ◽  
Carlos A. M. Gomide ◽  
...  

One of the main challenges of using a silvopastoral system (SPS) is maintaining pasture and animal productivity over time. Our objective was to compare the productive characteristics and nutritive value of signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk) and the liveweight gain of dairy heifers in a SPS and open pasture (OP, signal grass under full sunlight) during the rainy seasons of four experiments between 2003 and 2016, which characterised systems from their 6th to 19th years after establishment in south-eastern Brazil when analysed together. The experimental design was a randomised complete block in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme (two production systems (SPS and OP) and four experiments (2003–2004, 2004–2007, 2011–2014 and 2014–2016)). From the 7th year onwards, the progressive reduction of photosynthetically active radiation negatively impacted the productive characteristics of the SPS pasture. Total forage mass was reduced by 19% in SPS compared with the OP in 2004–2007, 38% in 2011–2014 and 31% in 2014–2016. Crude protein content was 23% and 30% higher in the SPS than in the OP in 2011–2014 and 2014–2016, respectively. However, during the study period (until the 19th year), the liveweight gain of heifers was similar between systems since the higher crude protein content available in SPS contributed to improved forage nutritional value. From the 17th to the 19th year, weight gain per area was lower in the SPS compared with the OP (169 vs 199 kg ha–1), although the difference between systems was small. Signal grass presents a high degree of phenotypic plasticity in response to changes in shade levels, which gives this species a high potential for use in SPS.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-527
Author(s):  
N. Sawadogo ◽  
G. Naoura ◽  
M.H. Ouedraogo ◽  
M. Tonde ◽  
J. Tiendrebeogo ◽  
...  

Sweet grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a neglected crop mainly grown for its sweet grains in the pasty form. Although its taste is the main character of interest, knowledge of protein related content of the grain, especially when linked to its value for infant porridge appears equally important. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of crude protein content of pasty grains and to determine genetic correlations between morphological and biochemical traits among sweet grain of sorghum genotypes in Burkina Faso. Eight sweet grain sorghum cultivars (BTO2, BZI1, KBZ4, PBO5, PGO3, SBR7, SPI2, STO4) were evaluated through 13 morphological and two biochemical variables. Crude protein content of these genotypes was also compared with the composition of two controls of sweet stalk sorghum (ETS) and ordinary grain sorghum or common sorghum (EBS). The analysis of variance revealed variability within sweet grain sorghum accessions, mainly on the biochemical traits (crude protein and water content) and two morphological traits (peduncle and panicle lengths), which discriminated significantly in the thresholds of 1 and 5%, respectively. In addition, sweet grain sorghum had low crude protein content compared to other types of sorghum, except, two genotypes of sweet grain sorghum (BZI1 and STO4) which recorded higher protein content compared to the common sorghum. An important and negative correlation was noted between sowing-flowering cycle and protein content.


1944 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ferguson ◽  
S. J. Watson

The examination of 108 first year seeds hays showed the average crude protein content to be 9·0 ― and the average crude fibre content 25·7 ―. The crude protein content varied from 5·0 to 13·5 ― and was directly associated with the clover content.Figures obtained on hays cut in the second and third years of the ley suggest that the protein content falls, and the crude fibre content rises, with increasing age of ley.The composition and digestibility of twenty first year hays were determined and the average figures quoted for hays of high, medium and low clover content. The starch equivalent values of these hays were high and moderately constant, varying from 33·3 to 41·2, average 36·8. The protein equivalent values varied from 1·8 to 8·4 ―, average 5·1 ―.The composition and digestibility of four samples of second year seeds hay, two samples of third year hay, one sample of second cut hay in its first year and one sample of lucerne and cocksfoot hay were also determined.


1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Milford ◽  
KP Haydock

Examination of the data from 138 indoor pen-feeding trials with sheep showed that, for 22 grasses and 6 legumes grown in south-east Queensland, crude protein digestibility was related to percentage crude protein content (R = 0.885 ; P<0.001) and to the nitrogen balance of the sheep (R = 0.776 ; P<0.001). The equations derived from these relations can be used to estimate the nutritive value of protein from the crude protein content. Under ad lib. feeding; zero nitrogen balance was estimated to occur at a crude digestibility of 49 per cent (95 per cent fiducial limits = 47, 52) and this digestibility was attained at a crude protein content of 8 per cent (95 per cent limits = 7.0, 9.0). The implications of these estimates are illustrated with the aid of some data on changes with age in the crude protein content of sub-tropical grasses and legumes.


1969 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-584
Author(s):  
Manuel Soldevila

AMINO ACID CONTENT AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF TUNA (THUNNUS SP.) FISHMEALS RELATIVE TO THEIR CRUDE-PROTEIN CONTENT


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