scholarly journals A liquid supplement of SynerMax® and cane molasses for lactating dairy cows in semiconfinement

1969 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Paul F. Randel ◽  
Jaime R. Moyá
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

Eighteen Holstein cows of approximately 550 kg mean live weight (LW), and 57 ± 24 days in milk at the start, were divided into six groups of three each for use in a single-reversal design, with two 5-wk experimental periods, to compare two treatments: T1, including a liquid feed (85% SynerMax5:15% cane molasses) offered in lick-wheel tanks to three groups between 7:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. (1.7-kg daily intake), plus a concentrate of solid ingredients (theoretically 1.8 Meal NEL/kg, 16% crude protein) fed individually according to milk yield, a small offering of grass hay (<3 kg consumed daily), and rotational grazing at night in four paddocks on mixed tropical grasses; T2, as in T1 but without liquid feed, rather including a larger concentrate allowance (10.5- vs. 11.6-kg intake). Mean results obtained with TI and T2, respectively: daily milk yield, 22.45 vs. 22.55 kg; milk fat percentage, 3.03 vs. 2.94; milk protein percentage, 2.68 vs. 2.76 (P < 0.01). Intakes of dry matter (DM) from high-energy supplements (solid concentrate plus liquid feed) were 10.2 vs. 10.3 kg, respectively. Daily DM intake from grazed forage by cows of both treatments in common pastures was estimated by a disk-drop method as 9.31 ± 2.68 kg. It is concluded that the liquid feed, when constituting 4 or 5% of total dietary DM, had a feeding value equal to that of the solid concentrate on a DM basis, but no synergistic effect was substantiated. 

Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zheltikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
D. Adushinov ◽  
O. Zaiko ◽  
V. Dementev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

scholarly journals DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

Assessment of the Canadian model predicting daily milk yield and milk fat percentage using single-milking dairy herd improvement samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-531
Author(s):  
M. Duplessis ◽  
R. Lacroix ◽  
L. Fadul-Pacheco ◽  
D.M. Lefebvre ◽  
D. Pellerin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

scholarly journals Complete rations containing coarsely chopped or ground hay for dairy cows in confinement vs. conventional grazing

1969 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
Paul F. Randel
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Treatments A and B, based on complete rations, and a conventional control (C) were compared in a completely randomized design including 8 preliminary days and 3 successive 28-day comparison periods with 17 cows (13 Holstein and 4 Brown Swiss). Both complete rations incorporated 60% basal concentrates, principally ground maize, soybean meal, wheat middlings and cane molasses, and 40% grass hay, but differed in the coarsely chopped hay in A and ground hay (9.5 mm screen) ¡n B. Formulation specified 13% crude protein and 1.58 Mcal of net energy for lactation/kg of dry matter (DM). Each was fed to two groups of three cows, ad libitum in period 1 and restricted in periods 2 and 3 in late afternoon. During the hottest hours these animals rested under shade, which reduced thermal stress. Five control cows grazed rotationally at 2.5 animals/ha in gramineous swards of good quality, with individual supplementation of basal concentrates according to milk yield. Late in period 1, DM intake (DMI) of A and B reached maxima of 22 and 23 kg per per. Mean results for A, B and C, respectively, during 84 days were: daily DMI, 16.2, 16,4 and 6.0 kg (excluding pasture herbage), and as a percentage liveweight (LW), 2.96, 2.98 and 1.09; LW, 548, 552 and 550 kg; daily milk yield, 17.7, 16.5 and 16.0 kg; 4% fat corrected milk (FCM), 15.0, 13.7 and 14.0 kg; milk fat percentage, 3.00, 2.87 and 3.19; FCM/concentrates DMI ratio, 1.55, 1.39 and 2.34. One cow of B died of acute bloat in period 2, possibly because of insufficiency of effective fiber in the rumen. Complete ration A appears promising as a possible alternative for intensified dairying in Puerto Rico.

ADRENALECTOMY IN THE GOAT REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND THE MAINTENANCE OF LACTATION

1958 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. COWIE ◽  
J. S. TINDAL
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARY The mean survival period of twelve goats after adrenalectomy was 7·8±1·2 days. Adrenalectomy resulted in a progressive rise in the concentration of K and a fall of Na in the plasma. In the lactating goat there was a rapid inhibition of milk secretion and the concentration of K in the milk fell, while that of Na rose slightly as the yield dropped. Partial to complete maintenance of lactation was achieved in five lactating goats after adrenalectomy by implanting tablets of cortisone (or cortisone acetate) and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA), a daily absorption of at least 6–12 mg cortisone (or its acetate) and 2·5 mg DCA being required. DCA was the more critical component of the combination. During replacement therapy, when the daily milk yield had become relatively steady, the composition of the milk (fat and solids-not-fat percentages) and the Na and K concentrations in the milk were within the pre-operative ranges, but during the periods of adrenal insufficiency, when the milk yield declined, there was a concomitant rise in milk-fat percentage and a fall in milk K. These changes, however, also occurred when the milk yields fell from other causes and so they may not be directly attributable to the lack of adrenal steroids.

The response of dairy cows grazing a nitrogen fertilized grass pasture to a supplement of protected casein

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Stobbs ◽  
D. J. Minson ◽  
M. N. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Chloris Gayana

SummaryTwenty-one Jersey cows in their 6th–8th week of lactation grazed Chloris gayana pastures fertilized with nitrogen and were treated in three ways, no casein (control), casein (1 kg/cow/day) or formal-casein (1 kg/cow/day) in seven 3 x 3 Latin squares to measure the effect of protein protection on milk yield and milk composition. Additional animals fitted with oesophageal and rumen fistulae were used to determine composition of the diet selected and rumen characteristics on three treatments.Cows ingested herbage containing 20% crude protein with a protein solubility of 40%. The untreated casein supplement increased milk yield by 3%, fat 5% and protein 2·4%. Formal-casein produced 20% (3·3 kg/day) more milk than the control, a 13% higher yield of butterfat and 27% more protein. Rumen ammonia concentrations in the afternoon were similar for the control and formal-casein supplemented cows (21 and 23mg/100ml) but significantly higher when casein was fed (74 mg/100 ml) indicating extensive deamination of the untreated protein.Yields of C4–C16 fatty acids in milk fat were 8 and 21% higher for the casein and formal-casein treatments than for the controls, which together with the higher live weight of formal-casein supplemented cows indicated that the milk yield response to the protein supplements was mainly due to a higher daily intake of herbage.

Limitations of high Alpine grazing conditions for early-lactation cows: effects of energy and protein supplementation

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Berry ◽  
F. Sutter ◽  
R. M. Bruckmaier ◽  
J. W. Blum ◽  
M. Kreuzer
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Energy Supplementation

AbstractIn each of 2 years (years A and B), the effects of three nutritional regimes were examined using 12 cows kept at pasture for 77 days at 2000 m above sea level. Two supplement formulations (1 and 2) were designed, both equally high in readily fermentable energy (14·6 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg dry matter (DM)) but differing in crude protein content (53 and 193 g/kg DM). The treatments imposed were either pasture grass alone (control groups; both seasons) or grass and supplements provided at three levels relative to energy (E) and protein (P) maintenance requirements estimated for lowland conditions. These levels were (i) 1·0 E: 0·8 P provided by 4·6 kg of supplement 1 per day in both years; (ii) 0·5 E: 0·4 P provided by 2·2 kg of supplement 1 per day in year A; (iii) 1·0 E: 2·5 P provided by 4·4 kg of supplement 2 per day in year B. Intensive measurement periods, including food intake estimation by the double alkane technique, were carried out in weeks 3, 7 and 11 on Alpine pasture. Performance data, plasma levels of indicative blood traits and body condition were additionally monitored in the cows at a lowland site for 2 weeks prior to transport. Supplementing with a high energy/low protein concentrate gave no clear benefit in milk yield, which declined proportionately by 0·33 in the 11 weeks under Alpine conditions. Provision of additional supplementary protein (supplement 2) resulted in a proportionate decline in milk yield of only 0·20 over the 11-week period. Cows exhibited high substitution ratios of 1·4 to 2·6 kg herbage DM per kg concentrate DM and cows on all treatments were estimated to consume similar amounts of ME. A combination of reduced fibre intake and lower fibre digestibility with supplementation significantly reduced milk fat contents to low levels. Energy supplementation significantly reduced plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels. However, live-weight and body tissue loss rates (based on ultrasonic scans of subcutaneous fat layer and longissimus dorsi muscle) were equally great with and without energy supplementation but less severe with extra protein (supplement 2). Adaptation to the high Alpine conditions was achieved in all treatments as indicated by increased blood haemoglobin, accompanied by a lower plasma level of insulin-like growth factor-I. Plasma thyroid hormone levels suggested that adaptation to energy deficiency and possibly to cold was more effective with supplementary energy. Other energy-dependent blood metabolites and insulin responded similarly in all treatments to high altitude grazing. Estimated maintenance energy requirement for Alpine conditions was 0·72 times greater than lowland maintenance requirement.

Breed variations in the shape of the lactation curve of cattle and their implications for efficiency

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. P. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

ABSTRACTMean daily milk yield, fat percentage and protein percentage were recorded monthly, from August 1978 to July 1979. for 579 303 British Friesian, 6 608 Shorthorn, 27 374 Ayrshire, 19 529 Jersey, and 19 760 Guernsey cattle and classified by breed, parity and stage of lactation. Parameters of the function y(n) = anb ecn were estimated for each breed/parity group for yield, fat percentage and yield, protein percentage and yield, and energy (MJ) output as milk (b and c describe the shape of the curve, a is a scalar, n the week of lactation and e the base of natural logarithms). In the mature cows of each breed (parity 4 or more), the shape constants (b, c) for milk, fat and protein production in kg respectively were:Generally, cows of all five breeds which calved in the winter produced about 4% more milk, fat and protein than average, and those that calved in the summer produced about 4% less. After allowing for that, and removing the effect of the calving pattern, a seasonal variation in production occurred to produce a peak in June 1979 nearly 12% above average for liquid milk, in July 1979 about 4% for fat and in June 1979 about 12% for protein production (not percentage). Trough month was January 1979 for all three characters: —8%; —4% and — 9% respectively.A consideration of the theory of metabolizable energy suggested that the peak of energy output which occurred about week 4 of lactation in all breeds and parities, expressed as a fraction of the live weight of the animal, had a critical bearing on the need to mobilize body reserves.

scholarly journals Use of enzymatic-probiotic preparations in feeding of lacting cows at jsc “Plemzavod Rodina”

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Anastasia Sergeevna Litonina ◽  
Andrey Viktorovich Platonov ◽  
Julia Mikhailovna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Milk

The article reviews the effectiveness of the usage of enzyme-probiotic preparations “Rumit” and “Cellobacterin+” in feeding lactating cows. The test of enzyme-probiotic additives was carried out in the fall of 2019 in the conditions of JSC “Plemzavod Rodina” of the Vologda region. To study the impact of additives on the level of milk productivity, three groups of animals were formed by the method of balanced groups taking into account live weight, age, blood count, and productivity. The group of animals that received “Cellobacterin +” as an additive of 50 g per day for each head exceeded the control in terms of daily milk yield by 2.9% with a higher fat content of 0.01% and protein by 0.05% at lower food costs per product unit of 5%. High efficiency was also observed while using“Rumit” in feeding, the daily milk yield of cows’ basic fat contentin the experimental group exceeded the control by 7.4%, the yield of milk fat – by 4.7%, and protein – by 5.6%. Feed costs for products in this group were 7% lower in comparison with the control group. Due to the increase of per day milk productivity from one head, it is possible to get additional profit while feeding “Rumit” in the amount of 24.50 rubles, and while using “Celobacterin+” – 15.44 rubles.

THE GROWTH RETARDATION EFFECT IN EARLY HEIFERS ONTOGENESIS ON DAIRY COWS PRODUCTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
А. А. Klimkovetskyi ◽  
D. K. Nosevych ◽  
I. P. Chumachenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Protein Output

The objective of the study is to determine, whether the growth retardations of replacement cows are admissible, and in which periods of culture they most significantly affect the further productivity of the cows. The subject of the analysis was the number of animals who at the age of 15 months had the live weight no less than 300 kg (which complied with the breed standard or was inferior to the requirements for 10 % maximum). The animals were divided into 5 groups. The first group included the animals with growth retardation before the age of 3 months. The second one – at the age of 3-6 months; the third one – 6-9 months and the fourth one – 9-12 months. The fifth one was the control group, without growth retardation. The growth retardation referred to the live weight reduction at the end of the period in comparison with its beginning or the average daily weight gain less than 500 g. The authors measured the live weight, first lactation productivity and the lifetime productivity of the animals. It has been established that the growth retardation of the heifers before the age of 3 months negatively affected the growth rate in the following three-month period. They can completely compensate the growth retardation only at the age of 18 months. The other group animals compensated the live weight retardation in comparison with the control group by the age of 15 months. The firstlings which had the growth retardation at the age of 0-3 and 3-6 months, has the highest milk productivity. The same trend was observed in milk fat and protein output and the age of the first calving. However, in the growth retardation group the livability of firstlings, the number of lactations and the productive live was worse. The lifelong milk yield in the growth retardation group was 15-37 % lower than in the control group. Growth retardation at the age of 6-9 months negatively affected the higher lactation productivity. The highest daily milk yield in this group of cows was lower in the control group by 14 % (p < 0.05). Therefore, growth retardation had no negative effect on the milk yield of the firstlings, but resulted in lower survival of the animals, shortened the productive life and lifetime yield. The later the growths retardation occurs, the sooner the heifers can compensate it and the lower is its effect on the lifetime productivity of the cows. In view of the reduction of lifetime productivity, it is purposeful to draft out the animals with the growth retardation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document