THE BORDER STRATEGY OF TOURISM AND RECREATIONAL AREAS DEVELOPMENT IN TERMS OF PANDEMIC COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Nataliia Warga ◽  
◽  
Karolina Sribna ◽  
Yevhenii Hoblyk
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
The Self ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
New Directions ◽  
High Level

The emergence of new directions of informal employment of the border region caused by the contradictory and complex nature of the transformation process, a significant deepening of disparities in the labor market, the complexity of the self-employment structure and the high level of labor migration.

scholarly journals Sociological portrait of the self-employed in contemporary Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-836
Author(s):  
Z. T. Golenkova ◽  
Yu. V. Goliusova ◽  
T. I. Gorina
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Real Self

The article considers the development of self-employment in the contemporary society: the history of its representation in legal norms and practices; the scope of informal employment according to statistical and sociological data; definitions of self-employment in the scientific literature. The self-employed are usually defined as not employed in organizations but independently selling goods and services produced by themselves. The global number of the self-employed grows. The authors present an algorithm for calculating the indicator potential self-employed based on the secondary analysis of the 27th wave of the RLMS (2018), and stress the lack of a unified methodology for calculating informal employment. According to the official data, the number of the self-employed in Russia ranges from several thousands to several millions, which confuses researchers who study this phenomenon. The article focuses on the results of the study Self-Employed: Who Are They? (Moscow, 2019), whose object were not potential but real self-employed selected on the basis of online advertisements of their services in Moscow. The authors collected information with the method of semi-formalized telephone interview. Based on the collected data, the authors make conclusions about motivating and demotivating factors of self-employment: independence, freedom in planning time and activity, distrust in the state, lack of social guarantees, unpredictable legislation, and imperfect tax system. Today, the status of the self-employed in Russia is still unclear and often substitutes the individual entrepreneur status in order to apply for tax preferences.

scholarly journals Examining the motivation factors for individuals choosing self-employment: An assessment on Saudi labor market

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Hussain Mohammed A AlObaid
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The Self ◽  
Telecommunication Sector ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
High School Certificate ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Motivating Factor

The self-employment issue has attracted the attention of both researchers in the field of economies of labor and policymakers. This paper investigates the main determinants of being self-employed in Saudi Arabia including age, gender, qualification, earning, and non-financial benefits cited by the self-employed workers in the Saudi labor market. However, very limited previous research has discussed the subject of self-employment determinants altogether. The analysis uses the "household survey" Labor Force Direct Survey LFDS for Saudi Labor Market to investigate individuals’ determinants for being self-employed and to have a better explanation of self-employed jobs and their determinants. Estimates are presented on a sample of 1100 participants who became self-employed by 2017. The data provide detailed information on self-employment that allows analyzing the complete set of determinants that controlled self-employment. The descriptive statistics show that the self-employed tend to be young males aged between 20-35 years, with a preference of working in the telecommunication sector, with a high school certificate, and with a monthly earning target between 7001-10000 SR. Findings show that the most cited reason for the male at 90% was a preference for being one’s own boss. For females, the most cited motivating factor about 89% was ‘the opportunity to raise more money.    

scholarly journals Self-employed or Paid Employed: Who can Earn more among the Slum Dwellers and Why?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Shashwati Banerjee ◽  
Kishor Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Job Security ◽  
The Self ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Employment Pattern

Past literature in the context of slum dwellers rarely acknowledges the occupational variation in informal job types. The dearth of studies also exists in specifying the informal types where public policy can result in their improved livelihoods. Based on 240 respondents settled in the slums of four districts of West Bengal, it analyses the types of informal employment in offsetting poverty of the slum dwellers. The participation of only 27 percent of the women in informal employment as compared to 73 percent of the male suggests the existence of gender gap in informal employment. The study finds that irrespective of the types of informal employment, the workers mostly belong to the economically weaker sections. The self-employed population is better regarding earning, using the formal account for savings, and job security (tenure). The findings suggest the enhancement of opportunities for the vendors and drivers among the self-employed, and the labourers working in the electrical and electronic sectors among the paid-employees. The district, gender, relationship status, and social network are among the major variables that determine the self-employment pattern of the slum dwellers.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Tax Culture Formation of Self-Employed

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Anna Kireenko ◽  
Mariya Izmailova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Culture Formation ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

Self-employment in Russia characterized by a high level of shadow employment. The special tax regime was designed to carry out this activity from shadow. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the taxpayers behavior and their tax culture. The purpose of the article is to study the tax culture, factors influencing its demonstration in the taxpayers behavior, as well as to identify the features of tax culture in the field of self-employment. The information base of the article composed documents regulating the activities of self-employed, statistical data on the quantity, structure and dynamics of self-employment in the Russia and other countries, sociological surveys of self-employed. The main difference in the interpretation of tax culture is associated with the definition of its subjects. Therefore, the role of subjective factors in the taxpayers behavior is often overestimated. It is concluded that it is necessary to consider the issue of the tax culture of the self-employed not only from the point of view of their mentality, but first of all from the point of view of the external conditions of their activity. Low and irregular incomes, lack of social guarantees and financial support lead to the formation of the self-employed tax culture in the conditions of «survival». In this regard, actions to improve the tax culture by influencing internal factors are ineffective.

scholarly journals The Self-Employment Experience of Immigrants

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-216
Author(s):  
George J. Borjas ◽  
Barry R. Chiswick
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employment Experience ◽  
Immigrant Experience ◽  
Employment Rates

Self-employment is an important aspect of the immigrant experience in the labor market. Self-employment rates for immigrants exceed 15 percent for some national groups. Using the 1970 and 1980 U.S. Censuses, the analysis shows that self-employment rates of immigrants exceed those of native-born men; that there is a strong, positive impact of assimilation on self-employment rates; that more recent waves of immigrants are opting with increasing frequency for the self-employment option; and that part of the immigrant/native-born differential in self-employment rates can be attributed to “enclave” effects.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF LABOR AND LEISURE PRACTICES OF SHADOW SELF-EMPLOYED IN THE PHYSICAL LABOR MARKET IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
I. A. Yurasov ◽  
M. A. Tanina ◽  
V. A. Yudina ◽  
E. V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Work Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Social Flexibility

Blue-collar self-employment occupies about 23 – 25 % in the structure of the Russian economy and is the most difficult for sociological analysis due to its isolation from the outside world. The most acceptable methods of sociological analysis of the self-employed in the field of physical labor are observation, observation is included, an unstructured interview in a relaxed atmosphere, since they are very closed and careful, understanding the secrecy and illegality of their employment. The blue-collar self-employed demonstrate a specific “kulak” mentality that combines hard work, social flexibility, a low horizon for strategic planning of personal and work life, adventurism, mobility, self-exploitation, greed, mercantilism, and socio-cultural limitations. By their stratification nature, the blue-collar self-employed are reviving the archaic Russian urban class with its specific mentality, habits, and way of life. The blue-collar self-employed exhibit a hedonistic, prestigious form of consumption. Thanks to their income, they have made physical labor in the form of free self-employment very prestigious in the modern Russia.

scholarly journals Labor market asymmetries and mechanisms for regulating them in the context of achieving the sustainable development goals

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Arthur Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals

Introduction. Labor market is a major component of any economy and is intricately tied in with markets for capital, goods and services. At a time of immense challenges to sustainable development, employment, unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, gender inequalities are major concerns and key challenges. Purpose. The article aims is to research the national peculiarities and tendencies of the labor market and determine the directions of the state policy of Ukraine for regulating the asymmetries of its development on the basis of foreign countries experience. Method (methodology): the methods of structural and logical analysis were used to implement theoretical generalizations and formulation of mechanisms for regulating them in the context of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals; the methods of detailing and synthesis were used to study the employment, unemployment, wages, and labor migration. The statistical methods were used to study the labor market asymmetries and the trends of labor market. Results. The actual trends of development of labor market have been investigated. There are a number of problems that affect the efficiency of state policy and achieving the Global goals of sustainable development. These are problems such as employment opportunities, especially for young people; inequalities across regions, age groups and genders; informal employment; labor migration. Particular importance is attached to core indicators for reporting on contribution towards implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals as annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person; proportion of informal employment, by sex; average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and persons with disabilities; unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities; proportion of youth (aged 15-24 years) not in education, employment or training. The mechanisms of regulation of asymmetries of development of labor market in Ukraine are proposed. For example, labor market reform and revision of labor law; investing in education; development of cognitive and social skills; job creation, cooperation of all parties of social-labor relations and others.

Ex-Offender Employment, Recidivism, and Manpower Policy: CETA, TJTC, and Future Initiatives

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Jacobs ◽  
Richard McGahey ◽  
Robert Minion
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Market Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
Manpower Policy ◽  
Labor Market Policies ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Tax Deductions ◽  
Employment Programs ◽  
High Level

Over the past several decades, there have been many programs to reduce the continuing high level of ex-offender unemployment. These policies were often part of broader federal efforts to improve the labor market position of the disadvantaged. However, these traditional labor market policies have had disappointing outcomes, leading to dissatisfaction and skepticism about programs to alleviate ex-offender unemployment. This article reviews federal ex-offender employment initiatives with particular attention to the Targeted Jobs Tax Credit (TJTC), a program providing employers with tax deductions for hiring ex-offenders. Our analysis indicates that this credit (like other employment programs for ex-offenders) has had marginal impact at best. We suggest reasons why this is so, focusing on the specific problems of employing ex-offenders, and the general weaknesses of targeted employment strategies that rely on tax incentives. We conclude with some speculations about possible new directions for ex-offender employment programs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document