scholarly journals The Applying chemical control to suppress liverwort (Marсhantia polymorpha L.) and other mosses when growing containerized seedlings of pine and spruce

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Active Substances

The spread of bryophytes (liverworts and green mosses) on the substrate surface in containers and cassettes poses a significant problem when growing containerized coniferous seedlings. It requires a complex control programme to significantly minimize the negative effect which mosses, in particular Marсhantia polymorpha L., pose to the growth of containerized pine and spruce seedlings. In addition to the preventive and agrotechnical measures, this programme should also involve application of the physiologically active substances. North American and European nurseries have faced this problem for a long time, Russian nurseries have started to experience it only in recent years due to increased output of containerized pine and spruce seedlings grown in greenhouses. In this paper, we assessed the effectiveness of some herbicides for moss control and their selectivity to pine and spruce seedlings of different ages. The following chemicals were applied in the tests: Goal 24% EC (a.i. oxyfluorfen), Stomp 33% EC (a.i. pendimethalin), Velpar 90% SP (a.i. hexazinone), Pledge 25% WP (a.i. flumioxazin), Mogeton 25% WP (a.i. quinoclamine), Granstar 75% WDG (a.i. tribenuron-methyl), Anchor-85 75% WDG (a.i. sulfometuron methyl) as well as cinnamon oil and baking soda. The experiments were conducted in greenhouses and outdoor fields. It was found that the pre-emergent (before the pine and spruce shoots appear) application of Mogeton WP and baking soda in the greenhouse resulted in the effective suppression of green mosses for up to 20 weeks after the treatment, without any signs of injury in seedlings. Under the same conditions, Goal EC, Stomp EC, Pledge WP and their mixtures in different combinations, as well as Velpar SP caused significant damage to pine and spruce seedlings. The post-emergent treatment by Velpar SP, Pledge WP, Mogeton WP, Granstar WDG, Anchor-85 WDG, as well as cinnamon oil and baking soda, provided effective and long-term control of liverwort and green mosses in cassettes without damage to the seedlings. Key words: Marchantia polymorpha L., pine, spruce, efficacy, selectivity

Use of immunocorrectors in patients with chronic lymph leukemia

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
V. Ya. Shustov ◽  
N. A. Afanasyeva ◽  
P. P. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. K. Myshkina
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia ◽  
Cytostatic Drugs ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Lymphatic Leukemia ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect

Chronic lymphatic leukemia is second only to acute leukemia in the frequency of infectious complications. In most cases, severe infectious complications are the cause of death in these patients. Modern chemotherapy makes it possible to preserve the ability to work and the life expectancy of patients for a long time. However, the negative effect of cytostatic drugs on the already altered immune system leads to an even greater suppression of immunity and an increase in the number of infectious complications. The search for new ways to combat infections has shown the advisability of long-term outpatient treatment with antibacterial drugs.

scholarly journals Long-term investigation of phosphorus removal by iron electrocoagulation in small-scale wastewater treatment plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mishima ◽  
M. Hama ◽  
Y. Tabata ◽  
J. Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Iron Electrolysis

Abstract Small-scale wastewater treatment plants (SWTPs), called Johkasou, are widely used as decentralized and individual wastewater treatment systems in sparsely populated areas in Japan. Even in SWTPs, nutrients should be removed to control eutrophication. An iron electrolysis method is effective to remove phosphorus chemically in SWTPs. However, it is necessary to determine the precise conditions under which phosphorus can be effectively and stably removed in full scale SWTPs for a long period. Therefore, long-term phosphorus removal from SWTPs was investigated and optimum operational conditions for phosphorus removal by iron electrolysis were analyzed in this study. Efficient phosphorus removal can be achieved for a long time by adjusting the amount of iron against the actual population equivalent. The change of the recirculation ratio had no negative effect on overall phosphorus removal. Phosphorus release to the bulk phase was prevented by the accumulated iron, which was supplied by iron electrolysis, resulting in stable phosphorus removal. The effect of environmental load reduction due to phosphorus removal by iron electrolysis was greater than the cost of power consumption for iron electrolysis.

Results of studying the influence of the treatment with the chemical mutagens on the Сallistephus chinensis (L.) Nees plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-212
Author(s):  
L.O. Shevel ◽  
◽  
A.I. Trokhymchuk ◽  
O.I. Rudnyk-Ivashchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Flower ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
State Register ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Dark Violet ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Active Substances

The authors present the influence of the treatment with the chemical mutagens on the Callistephus chinensis plants which was researched in 1998-2001. The samples originated by the studied cultivars open pollination were selected in the Experimental Farm “Novosilky” of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS in 2002-2020. They are registered in the “data base” and included into the list of cvs of the collection of the seeds characteristics complex (Certificate of the registration of the collection of the plants genetic fund in Ukraine № 00230, November 1, 2016). The collection is registered in the National Centre of the Genetic Resources of the Plants of Ukraine and the seeds were transferred to the National Genetic Bank of the Plants of Ukraine for the long-term storage and for the use in the breeding work as new primary material. The plants of the five investigated varieties (Rubinovyie Zviozdy UT2300066), Oksana (UT2300046), Nizhnist (UT2300042), Yabluneva (UT2300081) and Prazdnichnaia (UT2300056) were treated with five physiologically active substances (DG-75, DG-72, DG-82, DG-468 and DG-608) in two concentrations during the mass flowering period. The results of the explorations showed the direct dependence of a bush diameter on its colouration. In the genotypes with the bright-red colour most of the families with diameter less than 30 cm were removed in all the generations. This also concerns the genotypes with the blue flower cluster colouration that were removed in the third generation. At the same time in the families with the wine-coloured flower clusters the plans with the bush diametr more than 30 cm prevail beginning from the second generation up the fifth one. According to the results of the researches all the studied genotypes can be combined into three groups concerning their response to the treatment by the mutagenes – sensitive (17.9 %), of the average sensitivity (62.5 %) and resistant (19.6 %). The striking exmples of the sensitive genotypes are the offsprings of the sample Rubinovyie Zviozdy which under the mutagens influence were characterized with the great variability as to several traits valuable for economy simultaneously. It is from this sample mother plant that the cultivars were selected as follows: Shokoladka (wine – coloured flower cluster), Oksamyt (dark-wine – coloured), and Sofia (dark-violet) which later on were entered into the State Register of the Plaint Cultivars Favourable for the Spread in Ukraine. In its turn, among those cvs the promise Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees hybrid forms were selected, namely: C-125, C-116, C-233 and C-198-2 which have a complex of traits valuable for economy, including ornamentality (9.5-9.9 points), flower cluster diameter (10-14 cm) and Fusarium oxysporum resistance (8.8-9.0 points).

scholarly journals Presence and importance of mycotoxins in pig feed

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Dragan Sefer ◽  
Stamen Radulovic ◽  
Marcela Speranda
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect

Mycotoxins present a significant problem in the diet of pigs. Secondary metabolites of fungi are toxic matter that have a negative effect on health and the performance of animals, as well as on the quality of their products. The creating of mycotosins is a complex process and it is difficult to predict which toxin will be produced and in which concentration. Food is most often contaminated by low concentrations of different mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, fumonisinsi and zearalenone) which cause a series of undesired effects, depending on the amount that the animal has ingested into the organism. Mycotoxin interactions in the organism are complex, and they can have antagonistic, synergistic or a joint effect, depending on the combination and quantity in which they appear. The pig is a domestic animal which is most sensitive to the effects of mycotoxins. Long-term consumption of feed contaminated with mycotoxins results in a decline in production, a deterioration of the general health and reproductive disorders. One of the most important negative effects in pigs which receive low doses of mycotoxins in the longterm, is immunosuppression. Mycotoxins present very stable links that remain in raw materials and animal products for a long time and thus pose a major health risk for humans. .

Enhancing the power generation of Rhodopseudomonas palustris-based MFC

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1261-1268
Author(s):  
Shu Otani ◽  
Dang-Trang Nguyen ◽  
Kozo Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Maximum Power Density ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Carbon Sheet ◽  
Uv Ozone

In this study, a portable and disposable paper-based microbial fuel cell (MFC) was fabricated. The MFC was powered by Rhodopseudomonas palustris bacteria (R. palustris). An activated carbon sheet-based anode pre-loaded organic matter (starch) and R. palustris was used. By using starch in the anode, R. palustris-loaded on the anode could be preserved for a long time in dry conditions. The MFC could generate electricity on-demand activated by adding water to the anode. The activated carbon sheet anode was treated by UV-ozone treatment to remove impurities and to improve its hydrophilicity before being loaded with R. palustris. The developed MFC could generate the maximum power density of 0.9 μW/cm2 and could be preserved for long-term usage with little performance degradation (10% after four weeks).

Infrastructure mortgage in Russia: Opportunities and prospects

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-133
Author(s):  
G. I. Idrisov ◽  
Y. Yu. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Negative Effect

The article shows that depending on the goals pursued by the federal government and the available interbudgetary tools a different design of infrastructure mortgage is preferable. Three variants of such mortgage in Russia are proposed, each of which is better suited for certain types of projects and uses different forms of subsidies. According to our expert assessment the active use of infrastructure mortgage in Russia can increase the average annual GDP growth rate by 0.5 p. p. on the horizon of 5—7 years. In the long run the growth of infrastructure financing through the use of infrastructure mortgage could increase long-term economic growth by 0.9 p. p., which in 20—30 years can add 20—30% of GDP to the economy. However, the change in the structure of budget expenditures in the absence of an increase in the budget deficit and public debt will cause no direct impact on monetary policy. The increase in the deficit and the build-up of public debt will have a negative effect on inflation expectations, which will require monetary tightening for a longer time to stabilize them.

The depressing (negative) effect of oestradiol benzoate on the in vitro secretion of LH and FSH by the pituitary gland of the LRH-pretreated long-term ovariectomized rat changes into the augmentative (positive) effect after discontinuation of the LRH-pretreatment

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Schuiling ◽  
H. Moes ◽  
T. R. Koiter
Keyword(s):  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Perifusion System

Abstract. The effect of pretreatment in vivo with oestradiol benzoate on in vitro secretion of LH and FSH was studied in long-term ovariectomized (OVX) rats both at the end of a 5-day continuous in vivo pretreatment with LRH and 4-days after cessation of such LRH pretreatment. Rats were on day 0 sc implanted with osmotic minipumps which released LRH at the rate of 250 ng/h. Control rats were implanted with a piece of silicone elastomer with the dimensions of a minipump. On days 2 and 4 the rats were injected with either 3 μg EB or with oil. On day 5 part of the rats were decapitated and the in vitro autonomous (i.e. non-LRH-stimulated) and 'supra-maximally' LRHstimulated release of LH and FSH was studied using a perifusion system. From other rats the minipumps were removed on day 5 and perifusion was performed on day 9. On the 5th day of the in vivo LRH pretreatment the pituitary LH/FSH stores were partially depleted; the pituitaries of the EB-treated rats more so than those of the oil-injected rats. EB alone had no significant effect on the content of the pituitary LH- and FSH stores. On day 9, i.e. 4 days after removal of the minipumps, the pituitary LH and FSH contents had increased in both the oil- and the EB injected rats, but had not yet recovered to control values. In rats not subjected to the 5-days pretreatment with LRH EB had a positive effect on the supra-maximally LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and FSH as well as on the non-stimulated secretion of LH. EB had no effect on the non-stimulated secretion of FSH. After 5 days of in vivo pretreatment with LRH only, the in vitro non-stimulated and supra-maximally LRH-stimulated secretion of both LH and FSH were strongly impaired, the effect correlating well with the LRH-induced depletion of the pituitary LH/FSH stores. In such LRH-pretreated rats EB had on day 5 a negative effect on the (already depressed) LRH-stimulated secretion of LH (not on that of FSH). EB had no effect on the non-stimulated LH/FSH secretion. It could be demonstrated that the negative effect of the combined LRH/EB pretreatment was mainly due to the depressing effect of this treatment on the pituitary LH and FSH stores: the effect of oestradiol on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness (release as related to pituitary gonadotrophin content) remained positive. In LRH-pretreated rats, however, this positive effect of EB was smaller than in rats not pretreated with LRH. Four days after removal of the minipumps there was again a positive effect of EB on the LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and FSH as well as on the non-stimulated secretion of LH. The positive effect of EB on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness was as strong as in rats which had not been exposed to exogenous LRH. The non-stimulated secretion of FSH was again not affected by EB. The results demonstrate that the effect of EB on the oestrogen-sensitive components of gonadotrophin secretion consists of two components: an effect on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness proper, and an effect on the pituitary LH/FSH stores. The magnitude of the effect of EB on the LRH-responsiveness is LRH dependent: it is very weak (almost zero) in LRH-pretreated rats, but strong in rats not exposed to LRH as well as in rats of which the LRH-pretreatment was stopped 4 days previously. Similarly, the effect of EB on the pituitary LH and FSH stores is LRH-dependent: in the absence of LRH, EB has no influence on the contents of these stores, but EB can potentiate the depleting effect of LRH on the LH/FSH-stores. Also this effect disappear after cessation of the LRH-pretreatment.

Electrical Damage Due to Low Energy Plasma Processing of GaAs Structures

1991 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans P. Zappe ◽  
Gudrun Kaufel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Electrical Behavior ◽  
Rapid Thermal Anneal ◽  
High Temperature Anneal ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Physical Plasma

ABSTRACTThe effect of numerous plasma reative ion etch and physical milling processes on the electrical behavior of GaAs bulk substrates has been investigated by means of electric microwave absorption. It was seen that plasma treatments at quite low energies may significantly affect the electrical quality of the etched semiconductor. Predominantly physical plasma etchants (Ar) were seen to create significant damage at very low energies. Chemical processes (involving Cl or F), while somewhat less pernicious, also gave rise to electrical substrate damage, the effect greater for hydrogenic ambients. Whereas rapid thermal anneal treatments tend to worsen the electrical integrity, some substrates respond positively to long-time high temperature anneal steps.

Charlemagne’s Health in ‘Old Age’: Did It Affect Carolingian Military Strategy?

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-53
Author(s):  
Bernard S. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Strategy ◽  
The West ◽  
Long Time

During the first thirty-three years of his reign as king of the Franks, i.e., prior to his coronation as emperor on Christmas day 800, Charlemagne, scholars generally agree, pursued a successful long-term offensive and expansionist strategy. This strategy was aimed at conquering large swaths of erstwhile imperial territory in the west and bringing under Carolingian rule a wide variety of peoples, who either themselves or their regional predecessors previously had not been subject to Frankish regnum.1 For a very long time, scholars took the position that Charlemagne continued to pursue this expansionist strategy throughout the imperial years, i.e., from his coronation on Christmas Day 800 until his final illness in later January 814. For example, Louis Halphen observed: “comme empereur, Charles poursuit, sans plus, l’oeuvre entamée avant l’an 800.”2 F. L. Ganshof, who also wrote several studies treating Charlemagne’s army, was in lock step with Halphen and observed: “As emperor, Charlemagne pursued the political and military course he had been following before 25 December 800.”3

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