CHEMICAL FORMS OF Zn, Mn, Fe and Pb IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM THE VICINITY OF SOME MAJOR DUMPSITES IN GOMBE METROPOLIS, GOMBE STATE NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Abdullahi ◽  
A. Usman ◽  
A.H. Zakari ◽  
J.R. Tukur
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometric

This research work is aimed at determining the chemical speciation of metals Zn, Mn, Fe and Pb in soil samples from three major dumpsites within Gombe metropolis, Gombe state. The renowned five steps Tessier sequential extraction method was employed in the extraction of the heavy metals. The metals were extracted into five fractions namely: Exchangeable (F1), carbonate bound (F2), Fe-Mn oxide bound (F3), Bound to organic matter (F4) and the residual fraction (F5) in order of decreasing mobility. The elemental analysis of the fractions was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometric technique. The results showed Zn was predominantly bounded to the exchangeable fraction with 32.66±0.31 mg/kg (54.18%) and least in the Fe – Mn oxide fraction with 0.01±0.00 mg/kg (0.02%). The trend in its abundance is in the order F1> F2>F5>F4>F3. Mn was predominantly associated with the bound to carbonates fraction with the value of 103.3.±3.30 mg/kg (56.14%) and least in the exchangeable with the value of 1.30±1.85mg/kg (2.13%) its occurred in the order F2>F3>F4>F5>F1. The concentration of Fe was highest in the residual fraction with the value of 25.90±1.75mg/kg (45.45%)and least in the carbonate bound fraction wi th 5.10±0.40 mg/kg (2.13%) the order is F5>F4>F3>F2>F1. Pb was not detected in most of the fraction but highest in bond to carbonate and bond to organic matter fraction with the values of 6.64±4.12 mg/Kg (70.64 %) and 2.76±0.10 mg/Kg (29.36 %) respectively in two different samples. It was however established that Zn, Mn and Pb were mostly associated with the first three fractions thus, showed high bio-availabilty whereas Fe was found in the residual fraction and is expected to be low in mobility and less bioavailable. 

scholarly journals Copper availability as related to soil copper fractions in oxisols under liming

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento ◽  
Renildes Lúcio Ferreira Fontes ◽  
Adilson César Fortes Dias Melicio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Fe Oxide ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Copper Availability ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

The knowledge of the chemical forms of copper in soils and the relationships of these forms with soil copper availability are important for predicting the copper behavior in the soil-plant system. The present work studies the influence of liming on the available contents of copper as well as on the forms of copper fractions in six types of Oxisols. Soil samples, with and without liming, received copper at rates of 0.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg dm-3 and remained incubated for 30 days. Then, available copper was extracted with Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, DTPA and EDTA solutions, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Additionally, soil samples were extracted in a sequential procedure to determine Cu in fractions of soil, as follows: exchangeable-Cu fraction, organic matter-Cu fraction, Mn oxide-Cu fraction, amorphous Fe oxide-Cu fraction, crystalline Fe oxide-Cu fraction, residual-Cu fraction, and the total Cu content in the soil. Soil samples to which Cu was added presented higher Cu retention in the organic matter fraction with a small percentage retained in the exchangeable-Cu fraction. Liming resulted in a decrease of Cu in the exchangeable and organic matter fractions and an increase in the Fe and Mn oxide fractions and in the residual fraction. Without liming, the organic matter fraction presented the highest contribution to Cu content found in the soil extracts obtained with all extractors, except EDTA. For treatments with liming, Cu contents in the organic matter fraction were better correlated to Cu contents in extracts obtained with DTPA and Mehlich-3.

Dynamic of lead speciation in sewage sludge composting

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Zheng ◽  
T.B. Chen ◽  
D. Gao ◽  
W. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Lead Speciation ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Sludge Composting

A large-scale sewage sludge composting experiment was conducted to develop an understanding of changes that occur to Pb chemical speciation, distribution and bio-availability during the course of composting. The four-stage Tessier sequential extraction method was employed to investigate the dynamics of heavy metal Pb speciation (exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter and sulphides, residual) during the course of sewage sludge composting. The concentrations of the total Pb and the five Pb fractions concentrations were increased during the whole stage of compost. However, the percentages of Pb distribution with respect to total Pb were changed in the following manner: exchangeable, bound to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to carbonates Pb with respect to total Pb were increased, while the percentages of bound to organic matter and sulphides, and residual Pb with respect to total Pb were decreased during composting. The data showed that the quantity of Pb in the less toxic portion, such as consisting of organic matter and sulphides bound and residual Pb, was increased, and that the contamination and bio-availability of heavy metal Pb in sewage sludge was reduced during the composting process.

scholarly journals Chemical Speciation and Mobility Factors of Heavy Metals in Soil Around an Integrated Steel Complex Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Balogun ◽  
S. H. O. Egboh ◽  
M. O. Money-Irubor
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Composite Samples

Some heavy metals, consisting of Fe, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using USEPA Method 3050B for total metal concentration. Six composite samples were located from Aladja (ALJ), Ovwian (OVW), Ejevwu (EJW), Ekete Inland (EKI}, Orhuwhorun (ORH), and Otor-Udu (OTU) towns. In addition, chemical speciation was carried out on these samples using method employed by Tessier et al. as modified by Kersten and Forstner to assess their speciation pattern and the fraction of abundance as determinant of environmental pollution. From the results obtained, concentrations of Fe, Cd and Mn were more predominant in the residual fraction (F5) in the form of Fe3+, Cd2+ Mn2+ respectively for both wet and dry seasons. Co was more in the exchangeable fraction (F1) as Co2+ for both seasons. Concentration of Cu in the form of Cu2+ is higher in Fe-Mn oxide fraction (F3) for wet season and dry season’s organic fraction (F4). Pb and Zn were abundant in Fe-Mn oxide fraction (F3) for both seasons as divalent ions. Mobility factor calculated for the metals shows pattern in the order: Pb > Co > Zn > Mn > Fe > Cd > Cu > Ni for wet season and Co > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd > Fe for dry season; which is as a result of changes in some physiochemical parameters such as acidity, pH, among others. From this result, there is the need to ensure that future health catastrophe is averted from the accumulation and release of Pb2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Mn2+ especially into the environment.

scholarly journals Chemical Speciation and Distributon of Heavy Metals in Alluvial Soils of Ondo State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fadojutimi Paul Olawale ◽  
Aiyesanmi Festus Ademola ◽  
Adelaja Oluwaseun Adekoya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Ondo State

Floodplains are very important for agriculture, since it allows planting of arable crops throughout the year. In order to asses pollution levels of the floodplains due to contamination from flooding,soil samples were collected from six locations across each of the floodplain of Owena river, Ogbese river and Ala river in Ondo State. The study investigated the chemical speciation of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in the alluvial soil matrix due to deposition of metals as result of inundation of the floodplains. The heavy metals were quantified using Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer. The concentration of heavy metals in  exchangeable fraction  are in the order of Ni (BDL-0.26 mg/kg) < Cd (BDL - 0.41 mg/kg) < Cu (0.08-1.33 mg/kg) < Zn (0.27-7.08 mg/kg), in carbonate fraction: Ni (BDL-0.53 mg/kg) < Cd (BDL – 1.83 mg/kg< Cu (0.13-3.02 mg/kg) < Zn (0.64-11.88 mg/kg), in Fe-Mn Oxide fraction: Cd (BDL-0.21 mg/kg)  < Ni (BDL-0.53 mg/kg)  < Cu (0.68-3.03 mg/kg) < Zn (3.05-17.32 mg/kg), In organic fraction: Cd (BDL-0.15 mg/kg) < Cu (0.51-6.00 mg/kg) < Ni (0.73-7.84mg/kg ) < Zn (1.80-21.82 mg/kg), In residual fraction: Cd (0.20-1.28 mg/kg)  <  Cu (1.18-6.19 mg/kg)  <  Zn (2.77-13.97 mg/kg) < Ni (1.54-13.59 mg/kg). Cd and Ni were most abundant in residual fraction, Cu was found to be predominantly associated with organic and residual fractions while, Zn was  predominantly bound to oxidizable and organic fractions The mean concentration of the heavy metals in the floodplains soil were of the order of Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd. The speciation study futher revealed both geogenic and anthropogenic sources contributed to the total metal load of the floodplain soils.

Research on the Improvement and Application of Chemical Sequential Extraction of Phosphorus in Sediments

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 452-455
Author(s):  
Zhe Hu ◽  
Ke Feng Zhang ◽  
Lei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Sodium Dithionite ◽  
Nansi Lake ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Excess Sodium ◽  
Chemical Sequential Extraction

By the chemical sequential extraction method, various chemical speciation of phosphorus were extracted from shallow sediments of Nansi Lake. Aiming at the existing problems of lower concentration of phosphorus, the method combined the original sequential extraction and Mo-Sb Anti spectrophotometric method was improved to reduce the interference caused by stratification and chromogenic reaction. In addition, due to the presence of excess sodium dithionite, the extracting solution need to be diluted during occlude phosphorus (Oc-P) extraction process.

Geochemical Partitioning of Metals in Spent Drilling Fluid Solids

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Deuel ◽  
G. H. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Mn Oxide

Metals in oil and gas fluids have been of concern to the environmental and industrial communities since 1976. As a result, metals in 31 spent drilling fluids representative of the major oil and gas production provinces in the Continental United States, were fractionated into exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual forms using a sequential extraction (summation of fractions) technique. Bioavailability and mobility of metals in solid matrices follow in sequence of the operational defined fractions with chemical reactivity decreasing in the order of exchangeable > bound to carbonate > bound to Fe-Mn oxide > bound to organic matter > residual fractions. Metals evaluated in this study include arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and zinc. The summation of fractions was compared to independent total metals analysis using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) SW-846 Method 3050 digest procedure to evaluate metal recoveries. No difference was observed in the summation of fractions and EPA Method 3050 total metal values for arsenic, barium, and cadmium. EPA Method 3050 digest was about 28 percent lower in chromium, and about 19 percent lower in lead and 16 percent lower in zinc than the total by summation of fractions. Almost all of the barium (95.6 percent) was recovered in the residual fraction. Arsenic was recovered primarily in the residual fraction (74.3 percent) and the Fe-Mn oxide fraction (16.1 percent). The highest quantity of cadmium was recovered in the residual fraction (43.3 percent), followed by the bound to organic (27.9 percent), and bound to Fe-Mn oxide (21.1 percent) fractions. Chromium was observed primarily in the residual (40.4 percent) and bound to Fe-Mn oxide (34 percent) fractions. Lead was distributed primarily in the bound to Fe-Mn oxide (49.3 percent), and residual (27 percent) fractions. Zinc was almost equally distributed in the bound to organic (36.2 percent), and bound to Fe-Mn oxide (33.1 percent) fractions. Cadmium (3.9 percent) and arsenic (2.7 percent) were the only metals with an exchangeable fraction >1 percent of the total. Low total and/or low exchangeable metal concentrations ultimately control the bioavailability and mobility of metals in spent drilling solids and limit the potential for an adverse impact on the environment.

Status of accumulated heavy metals in soils from organic and conventional farms in Akinyele Local Government, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
T.E. Odunjo ◽  
E.Y. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Conventional Farm

The risk associated with the presence of heavy metals in soil is their potential toxicity and ability to enter the ecosystem through the food chain. Total heavy metal content of a soil is inadequate for predicting the toxicity of heavy metals in soil. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the various forms in which the selected heavy metals: Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), and Cadmium (Cd) exist in the soil to ascertain the available forms for plant uptake. Soils samples were randomly collected from selected organic and conventional farms in Akinyele local government, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, at different depths (0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm) using random sampling method. Routine analysis was carried out to determine the textural classes and chemical properties of soil samples. The total heavy metals of the soil samples were determined and their fractions were analysed using sequential extraction method. Cadmium was not detected in most of the soil samples. Residual fraction was predominant in all the analysed heavy metals. In addition, Cr was more associated with the oxidizable fraction having a range of 0.1 mg/kg from Ajibode organic farm (AO) at 30-45 cm depth. Pb and Ni were both more associated with reducible fraction with Pb having a range of 2.7 mg/kg in Ajibode conventional farm (AI) at 0-15 cm depth and 0.1 mg/kg in (AI) at 30-45 cm depth. Reducible values of Ni ranges from 4.3 mg/kg in AI at 0-15 cm to 1.4 mg/kg in AO at 30-45 cm. The apparent mobility and bioavailability for these heavy metals in the studied soils were in the order: Pb>Cr>Ni. The result showed that uptake of heavy metals by the plants would be low as the concentration of the exchangeable form of the heavy metals in the analysed soil sample has the least concentration when compared with the other forms.

scholarly journals Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of some Metals of Selected Farmland in Kogi State, North Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
J.E. Emurotu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
North Central ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Potential Mobility

The contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals is of concern because if the soil is contaminated, the metals can be transferred to food crops. The availability of these metals to food crops depends on the forms in which they are present in the soils. In this study, sequential extraction technique was applied to assess the exchangeable, carbonate-bound, Fe-Mn oxide bound, organic bound and residual fractions in the topsoil of farmlands in Kogi State, North Central Nigeria. Proportions in non-residual soil phases were 82.6 % Cd, 48.6 % Co, 72.5 % Cu, 73.2 % Ni, 41.9 % Pb, and 84.3 % Zn. Lead (Pb) and cobalt (Co) showed the highest phase of 58.1% and 51.4 %, respectively in the residual phase. The low concentration of lead in the non-residual fraction (41.9 %) and the highly mobileexchangeable phase and pH sensitive carbonate phase is an indication that there is no increase in anthropogenic input of Pb into the environment. Cadmium, zinc and nickel are most abundant in exchangeable fraction and this can be of concern especially cadmium. Keywords: Heavy metals, Metal speciation, Farmlands, Food crops, Metal uptake

scholarly journals Copper content and distribution in vineyard soils from Betanzos (A Coruña, Spain)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antía Gómez-Armesto ◽  
Jéssica Carballeira-Díaz ◽  
Paula Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
David Fernández-Calviño ◽  
Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Sustained Use ◽  
Vineyard Soils

The sustained use of cupric compounds in grape production has contributed to a pronounced Cu accumulation in vineyard soils. We studied 32 surface (0-20 cm) vineyard soil samples from the Atlantic-influenced NW Iberian Peninsula, in order to assess the Cu levels in these soils. The total Cu (CuT) contents were high and variable (between 63-730 mg kg-1), similar to those previously found in the Ribeira Sacra and O Ribeiro denominations of origin, which were until now the areas with the highest CuT concentrations detected in vineyard soils of the NW Iberian Peninsula. Most Cu in the solid phase of the soil was bound to organic matter (18-373 mg kg-1), contrary to what happens in natural soils or with elements from natural sources, such as Zn, for which the residual fraction is quantitatively the most important. The exchangeable Cu fraction was the fraction that showed the highest geochemical mobility and its variance in the studied soils was mainly related to CuT and, secondly, to exchangeable Ca levels. The results of fractionation were clearly different from those of Zn, an element with a mainly natural origin, which was characterized by a dominant residual fraction. Finally, agricultural practices aimed at maintaining or increasing the amount of organic matter in vineyard soils should be encouraged, due to its role in decreasing the eventual toxic effects of high Cu levels both on plants and on soil microorganisms.

scholarly journals Chemical Speciation of some Heavy Metals in Sand Filter Media [SFM] Waste Dumpsite in Yenagoa, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556
Author(s):  
I.L. Ikoko ◽  
C.I. Osu ◽  
M. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Chemical Availability ◽  
Living Organisms

The chemical speciation of five heavy metals [HMs] in spent sand-filter-media [SFM] waste dumpsite was investigated with a view to ascertain their distribution and chemical availability of the heavy metals in the dumpsite. Samples were collected at the surface, 100cm depth of the dumpsite and 100m away from the dumpsite and analysed using FAAS for total concentration of Cr, Fe, Mn. Ni and Pb. Speciation analysis was carried out usingmodified Tessier’s sequential extraction method. The percentage concentrations showed that Pb occurred more at the exchangeable fraction with 90.6% at the top, 91.34% at 100cm depth. This signifies that Pb is biochemically available for in-take by living organisms. Fe had the highest concentration by mass 12mg/g but its occurrence of between 22- 28% is in the residual/inert fraction. Ni had 40% in the exchangeable and  carbonate fractions at the surface and at 100cm depth. Cr had highest exchangeable fraction of 46.29% and 45.59% at the surface and 100cm depth of the SFM. Mn had 37.30% and 42.26% at the surface and at 100cm depth of the SFM. Although Fe had highest concentration by mass, it is least biochemically available occurring more at the residual/inert fraction while the other four metals [Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn] are all biochemically available for intake by organisms and may enhance biochemical accumulation overtime and finally become harmful to living organisms around that dumpsite. Keywords: Speciation, Heavy metals, Sand Filter Media, Waste Dumpsite

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