scholarly journals Chemical Speciation of some Heavy Metals in Sand Filter Media [SFM] Waste Dumpsite in Yenagoa, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556
Author(s):  
I.L. Ikoko ◽  
C.I. Osu ◽  
M. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Chemical Availability ◽  
Living Organisms

The chemical speciation of five heavy metals [HMs] in spent sand-filter-media [SFM] waste dumpsite was investigated with a view to ascertain their distribution and chemical availability of the heavy metals in the dumpsite. Samples were collected at the surface, 100cm depth of the dumpsite and 100m away from the dumpsite and analysed using FAAS for total concentration of Cr, Fe, Mn. Ni and Pb. Speciation analysis was carried out usingmodified Tessier’s sequential extraction method. The percentage concentrations showed that Pb occurred more at the exchangeable fraction with 90.6% at the top, 91.34% at 100cm depth. This signifies that Pb is biochemically available for in-take by living organisms. Fe had the highest concentration by mass 12mg/g but its occurrence of between 22- 28% is in the residual/inert fraction. Ni had 40% in the exchangeable and  carbonate fractions at the surface and at 100cm depth. Cr had highest exchangeable fraction of 46.29% and 45.59% at the surface and 100cm depth of the SFM. Mn had 37.30% and 42.26% at the surface and at 100cm depth of the SFM. Although Fe had highest concentration by mass, it is least biochemically available occurring more at the residual/inert fraction while the other four metals [Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn] are all biochemically available for intake by organisms and may enhance biochemical accumulation overtime and finally become harmful to living organisms around that dumpsite. Keywords: Speciation, Heavy metals, Sand Filter Media, Waste Dumpsite

CHEMICAL FORMS OF Zn, Mn, Fe and Pb IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM THE VICINITY OF SOME MAJOR DUMPSITES IN GOMBE METROPOLIS, GOMBE STATE NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Abdullahi ◽  
A. Usman ◽  
A.H. Zakari ◽  
J.R. Tukur
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometric

This research work is aimed at determining the chemical speciation of metals Zn, Mn, Fe and Pb in soil samples from three major dumpsites within Gombe metropolis, Gombe state. The renowned five steps Tessier sequential extraction method was employed in the extraction of the heavy metals. The metals were extracted into five fractions namely: Exchangeable (F1), carbonate bound (F2), Fe-Mn oxide bound (F3), Bound to organic matter (F4) and the residual fraction (F5) in order of decreasing mobility. The elemental analysis of the fractions was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometric technique. The results showed Zn was predominantly bounded to the exchangeable fraction with 32.66±0.31 mg/kg (54.18%) and least in the Fe – Mn oxide fraction with 0.01±0.00 mg/kg (0.02%). The trend in its abundance is in the order F1> F2>F5>F4>F3. Mn was predominantly associated with the bound to carbonates fraction with the value of 103.3.±3.30 mg/kg (56.14%) and least in the exchangeable with the value of 1.30±1.85mg/kg (2.13%) its occurred in the order F2>F3>F4>F5>F1. The concentration of Fe was highest in the residual fraction with the value of 25.90±1.75mg/kg (45.45%)and least in the carbonate bound fraction wi th 5.10±0.40 mg/kg (2.13%) the order is F5>F4>F3>F2>F1. Pb was not detected in most of the fraction but highest in bond to carbonate and bond to organic matter fraction with the values of 6.64±4.12 mg/Kg (70.64 %) and 2.76±0.10 mg/Kg (29.36 %) respectively in two different samples. It was however established that Zn, Mn and Pb were mostly associated with the first three fractions thus, showed high bio-availabilty whereas Fe was found in the residual fraction and is expected to be low in mobility and less bioavailable. 

scholarly journals Bioavailability and Assessment of Metal Contamination in Surface Sediments of Rades-Hamam Lif Coast, around Meliane River (Gulf of Tunis, Tunisia, Mediterranean Sea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim Ben Amor ◽  
Asma Yahyaoui ◽  
Myriam Abidi ◽  
Lasaad Chouba ◽  
Moncef Gueddari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Gulf Of Tunis ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Geochemical Indices ◽  
Low Toxicity

The total concentration and the speciation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr) in surface sediments of Rades-Hamam Lif coast were determined, with particular focus on the effect that urban and industrial waste in the Meliane river has on the estuary and coastal surface sediments of the Rades-Hamam Lif coast, off the Mediterranean Sea. Several geochemical indices were applied to assess the risk of contamination and the environmental risks of heavy metals on surface sediments. The total concentrations of these heavy metals are influenced by runoff, industrial, and urban wastewater. The Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni are affected by anthropogenic sources, especially at the mouth of the Meliane river. The sequential extraction of Cd was presented dominantly in the exchangeable fraction and thus the high potential bioavailability. In contrast, Cr and Cu were mostly bound to the residual fraction indicating their low toxicity and bioavailability. The order of migration and transformation sequence was Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu, and the degree of pollution was Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu.

scholarly journals Removal behavior and chemical speciation distributions of heavy metals in sewage sludge during bioleaching and combined bioleaching/Fenton-like processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunsheng Qiu ◽  
Shangyu Xie ◽  
Nannan Liu ◽  
Kequan Meng ◽  
Chenchen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Combined Process ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

AbstractThe removal and chemical speciation changes of heavy metals in the sewage sludge during the single bioleaching and combined bioleaching/Fenton-like processes were compared in this study. The improvement in the dewaterability of the treated sludge was also investigated. The single bioleaching led to a removal of Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, As and Pb of 67.28%, 50.78%, 64.86%, 6.32%, 56.15%, 49.83%, 20.78% and 10.52% in 10 days, respectively. The chemical speciation analysis showed that the solubilization of heavy metals in mobile forms (exchangeable/acid soluble and reducible forms) and oxidizable form was the main reason for their removal. Subsequent Fenton-like treatment was carried out at different bioleaching stages when the bioleached sludge dropped to certain pH values (4.5, 4.0 and 3.0), by adding H2O2 at different dosages. The highest removal ratio of Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn and Ni could reach 75.53%, 52.17%, 71.91%, 11.63%, 66.29% and 65.19% after combined bioleaching/Fenton-like process, respectively, with appropriate pH and H2O2 dosages in less than 6 days. The solubilization efficiencies of these heavy metals in mobile forms were further improved by Fenton-like treatment. The removal efficiencies of As and Pb decreased due to their transformation into insoluble forms (mostly residual fraction) after Fenton treatment. The capillary suction times (CST) of the raw sludge (98.7 s) decreased by 79.43% after bioleaching and 87.44% after combined process, respectively.

scholarly journals Determination of forms of heavy metals in bottom ash from households using sequential extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Mizerna
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method

The paper presents the results of heavy metals mobility obtained by sequential extraction method and leaching test. Heavy metals in solid waste material occur in different forms and phases that differ in terms of the toxicity, mobility and bioavailability. The sequential extraction analysis is widely used in order to predict the behaviour of heavy metals in a solid material. The sequential extraction methods involve a gradual separation of metals in various forms by means of specific extractants. The material used in the research applied bottom ash derived from households. The results of heavy metals concentrations (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn) in extractable forms and total content in waste were presented. The five forms of heavy metals were determined. The concentrations of heavy metals were analyzed by FAAS. The lowest concentrations of analyzed heavy metals were determined in the exchangeable form. The author observed that the particular elements occurred mainly in forms: zinc and cadmium associated with carbonates, lead and copper in the organic and residual form, chromium and nickel in the residual form. Heavy metals in the residual fraction do not pose a possible environment hazard. The application of speciation analysis of heavy metals in bottom ash provide the means to assess the content of dissoluble forms of metals in water relative to their total content. This information is useful in assessing the migration capabilities of heavy metal ions from waste to the ground-water environment. The potential for the reuse of bottom ash was also discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Contamination and Pollution Studies of Heavy Metals in Sand Filter Media Waste Dumpsite in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-588
Author(s):  
I.L. Ikoko ◽  
C.I. Osu ◽  
M. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

The contamination and pollution level of five Heavy Metals in spent Sand Filter Media [SFM] waste dumpsite was investigated to ascertain the contamination, pollution and possible migration in that environment. Samples were collected at the surface, 0.1m depth and 100m away from the dumpsite and analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) for concentration of Cr, Fe, Mn. Ni and Pb ions. Geochemical Pollution Indices were used to evaluate the contamination and pollution level of the HMs comparatively using the world shale average values and the experimental control value. Results obtained showed highest concentration of 12.50mg/kg for Fe and lowest detectable concentration of 0.2mg/kg for Ni at the top of the dumpsite. All five heavy metals had low concentrations compared to WHO and national standards for soil qualityboth at the top and 0.1m depth of the dumpsite. Percentage concentrations of the heavy metals at the top showed 78.81, 12.04, 7.88, 1.26% in the order Fe >>> Cr > Mn > Ni > Pb with the values of Ni and Cr at 0.1m depth slightly higher indicating some level of migration. Contamination Factor Cf, depicts very severe contamination to slight pollution at the top with minimum of 0.714 and maximum of 1.471. Degree of Contamination Cd, of <8 and Modified Degree of Contamination mCd <1.5 showed low contamination. The pollution load index, PLI values of < 50 depicts that no drastic rectification measure was needed which concludes that the SFM dumpsite was contaminated but technically not polluted. Keywords: Surface mobility, Yenagoa, heavy metal contamination, Pollution indices, Bayelsa State

scholarly journals Fractionnement Géochimique Des Eléments Traces Métalliques (Etm) Dans Les Sédiments Du Delta De L’ouémé Au Bénin

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Rodrigue A.M.A. Adechina ◽  
Nelly C. Kelome ◽  
Waris Chouti ◽  
Jéchonias B. Hounkpe ◽  
Nambinina R. F. Randriana
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Living Organisms

Due to the inherent damages of trace elements to living organisms, the amount of bio available metal is considered to be a quantity that conditions the becoming of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this work is to evaluate the proportion of Pb, Cu and Cd that are biologically available in the superficial sediments of the Ouémé estuary as well as the influence of environmental factors on the becoming of these metals. Fractionation of the metals was performed according to the sequential extraction method and their measurement was done by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Physicochemical parameters evaluated are: granulometry, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon (Corg), iron, aluminum and calcium oxides (Fe2O3, Al2O3 and CaO). Risk indices related to metal fractionation were evaluated followed by statistical processing in R 3.3.2. It appears that: 39.44% of the Cd are preferentially bound to the exchangeable fraction, 37.25% of the Pb are for the reducible fraction and 47.47% of the Cu for the oxidizable fraction. Risk levels are in the low to very high range. The richness of materials is revealed as a factor limiting the bioavailability of metals while CaO facilitates the bioavailability in high risk sites. Liquid and solid wastes from the Dantokpa market are the potential sources of metals.

Determination of trace elements bound to soil and sediment fractions (IUPAC Technical Report)

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Hlavay ◽  
T. Prohaska ◽  
M. Weisz ◽  
W. W. Wenzel ◽  
G. J. Stingeder
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Solid Samples ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Mineralogical Phases

This paper presents an overview of methods for chemical speciation analysis of elements in samples of sediments and soils. The sequential leaching procedure is thoroughly discussed, and examples of different applications are shown. Despite some drawbacks, the sequential extraction method can provide a valuable tool to distinguish among trace element fractions of different solubility related to mineralogical phases. The understanding of the speciation of trace elements in solid samples is still rather unsatisfactory because the appropriate techniques are only operationally defined. The essential importance of proper sampling protocols is highlighted, since the sampling error cannot be estimated and corrected by standards. The Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) protocols for sediment and soil give a good basis for most of the solid samples, and the results can be compared among different laboratories.

scholarly journals Speciation of metals in the fine fracion of solid waste from an excavated landfill

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Kaczala ◽  
Kaja Orupõld ◽  
Anna Augustsson ◽  
William Hogland
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Potential Mobility

In this current study, speciation of metals in the fine fraction (<10 mm) of excavated solid waste from an Estonian landfill was performed in order to evaluate metal contents and their potential mobility and bioavailability. The fine fraction speciation was carried out following the BCR sequential extraction method for Pb, Cu and Cd and the exchangeable (F1), reducible (F2), oxidizable (F3) and residual (F4) fractions were determined. The results have shown that Pb was highly associated with the reducible (F2) and oxidizable (F3) fractions suggesting the potential mobility of such metal mainly when in contact with oxygen, despite the low association with the exchangeable fraction (F1). The metal Cu has shown also potential for mobility and bioavailabilty when in contact with oxygen since high associations with the oxidizable fraction (F3). On the other hand, Cd was mostly found associated with the residual fraction (F4) were observed raising low concerns regarding mobility and toxic effects in case of excavation. To conclude, studies addressed to understand not only the total concentration of metals in solid phase, but also the speciation and which form metals are bound, are very important in order to bring information on how to manage fine fraction from excavated waste both in terms of environmental impacts and also recovery/extraction.

scholarly journals Chemical Speciation and Mobility Factors of Heavy Metals in Soil Around an Integrated Steel Complex Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Balogun ◽  
S. H. O. Egboh ◽  
M. O. Money-Irubor
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Composite Samples

Some heavy metals, consisting of Fe, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using USEPA Method 3050B for total metal concentration. Six composite samples were located from Aladja (ALJ), Ovwian (OVW), Ejevwu (EJW), Ekete Inland (EKI}, Orhuwhorun (ORH), and Otor-Udu (OTU) towns. In addition, chemical speciation was carried out on these samples using method employed by Tessier et al. as modified by Kersten and Forstner to assess their speciation pattern and the fraction of abundance as determinant of environmental pollution. From the results obtained, concentrations of Fe, Cd and Mn were more predominant in the residual fraction (F5) in the form of Fe3+, Cd2+ Mn2+ respectively for both wet and dry seasons. Co was more in the exchangeable fraction (F1) as Co2+ for both seasons. Concentration of Cu in the form of Cu2+ is higher in Fe-Mn oxide fraction (F3) for wet season and dry season’s organic fraction (F4). Pb and Zn were abundant in Fe-Mn oxide fraction (F3) for both seasons as divalent ions. Mobility factor calculated for the metals shows pattern in the order: Pb > Co > Zn > Mn > Fe > Cd > Cu > Ni for wet season and Co > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd > Fe for dry season; which is as a result of changes in some physiochemical parameters such as acidity, pH, among others. From this result, there is the need to ensure that future health catastrophe is averted from the accumulation and release of Pb2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Mn2+ especially into the environment.

scholarly journals Policy Proposal for Metals Speciation in Tailings Contaminated Soils: A Case Study in Chihuahua, Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Cruz Gavilán García ◽  
Georgina Fernández Villagómez ◽  
Alejandro Menchaca Pérez ◽  
Luis Adrian Barraza Torres ◽  
Arturo Gavilán García
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
High Concern

This work is focused in studying the inclusion of chemical speciation in the characterization of mining tailings in Mexican regulation with a case study in Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. In this site, high concentration of lead and arsenic in tailings located in the surroundings represent a high concern to the local population. The total concentration of Pb in the samples ranged from 78.03 ± 2.67 to 5748 ± 263.63 [mg kg<sup>-1</sup>] and from 5.49 ± 0.43 to 509.84 ± 40.18 [mg kg<sup>-1</sup>] for As. Chemical speciation was tested for samples that exceeded the limits of the Mexican Regulation using sequential extractions proposed by the Bureau Community of Reference (BCR) to obtain the distribution of lead and arsenic in four different fractions. The set of extractions consisted in the extractable/exchangeable fraction (F1), the reducible fraction (F2), the metals bound to organic matter and sulfides (F3) those under oxidizing conditions, and the residual fraction (RF). The results show that 70% of lead is found in F1 and F2 fractions while 20% is found in F3 fraction. In case of arsenic, 60% is found in residual fraction, 25% in fraction F3 and less than 15% in fractions F1 and F2.

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