UTICAJ KURSEVA IZ ETIKE NA MORALNE INTUICIJE STUDENATA FILOZOFIJE

Abstract Background On the 27th of March 2020 the Zimbabwean government declared the Covid-19 pandemic a ‘national disaster’. Travel restrictions and emergency regulations have had significant impacts on maternity services, including resource stock-outs, and closure of antenatal clinics during the lockdown period. Estimates of the indirect impact of Covid-19 on maternal and perinatal mortality was expected it to be considerable, but little data was yet available. This study aimed to examine the impact of Covid-19 and lockdown control measures on non-Covid outcomes in a government tertiary level maternity unit in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, by comparing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality before, and after the lockdown was implemented. Methods This was a retrospective, observational study, using a cross-sectional design to compare routine monthly maternal and perinatal statistics three months before and after Covid-19 emergency measures were implemented at Mpilo Central Hospital. Results Between January-March and April-June 2020, the mean monthly deliveries reduced from 747.3 (SD ± 61.3) in the first quarter of 2020 to 681.0 (SD ± 17.6) during lockdown, but this was not statistically significant, p = 0.20. The Caesarean section rates fell from a mean of 29.8% (SD ± 1.7) versus 28.0% (SD ± 1.7), which was also not statistically significant, p = 0.18. During lockdown, the percentage of women delivering at Mpilo Central Hospital who were booked at the hospital fell from a mean of 41.6% (SD ± 1.1) to 35.8% (SD ± 4.3) which was statistically significant, p = 0.03. There was no significant change, however, in maternal mortality or severe maternal morbidity (such as post-partum haemorrhage (PPH), uterine rupture, and severe preeclampsia/eclampsia), stillbirth rate or special care baby unit admission. There was an increase in the mean total number of early neonatal deaths (ENND) (mean 18.7 (SD ± 2.9) versus 24.0 (SD ± 4.6), but this was not statistically significant, p = 0.32. Conclusions Overall, maternity services at Mpilo showed resilience during the lockdown period, with no significant change in maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes, with the same number of man-hours worked before and during the lockdown Maternal and perinatal outcomes should continue to be monitored to assess the impact of Covid-19 and the lockdown measures as the pandemic in Zimbabwe unfolds. Further studies would be beneficial to explore women’s experiences and understand how bookings and deliveries at local clinics changed during this time.

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Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies: The Impact of a Postgraduate Educational Program on Diagnosis, Morbidity, and Treatment

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.70.1.96 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 96-98

Author(s):

Marc Puterman ◽

Rafael Gorodischer ◽

Alberto Leiberman

Keyword(s):

Educational Program ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Physician Performance ◽

Postgraduate Educational ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Hospital Days ◽

The Impact

Aspirated foreign bodies (FBs) may remain undetected and cause serious complications. As part of a postgraduate educational program, results of a local survey were presented to the local medical staff in order to increase its awareness of this diagnostic possibility. The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the management of children with tracheobronchial FBs during two 2-year periods, before and after teaching sessions held in December 1976. In comparison with the previous two years during the 1977-1978 period, the percentage of cases in which a positive history of aspiration was obtained increased from 47.6% to 84.0%; the mean number of hospitalizations due to tracheobronchial FBs decreased from 1.9 to 1.04 per infant, and the mean number of hospital days required for final diagnosis decreased from 17.6 to 5.3. The postgraduate educational program had a positive effect on physician performance and patient care.

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Impact of an Online Sleep and Circadian Education Program on University Students’ Sleep Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph181910180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (19) ◽

pp. 10180

Author(s):

Caitlin R. Semsarian ◽

Gabrielle Rigney ◽

Peter A. Cistulli ◽

Yu Sun Bin

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Stages Of Change ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Course Grades ◽

Before And After ◽

Students Attitudes ◽

The Impact

University students consistently report poor sleep. We conducted a before-and-after study to evaluate the impact of an online 10-week course on undergraduate students’ sleep knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours at 6-month follow-up. Data were collected via baseline course surveys (August–September 2020) and follow-up surveys distributed via email (February–March 2021). n = 212 students completed baseline surveys and n = 75 (35%) completed follow-up. Students retained to follow-up possessed higher baseline sleep knowledge and received higher course grades. At the 6-month follow-up, sleep knowledge had increased (mean score out of 5: 3.0 vs. 4.2, p < 0.001). At baseline, 85% of students aimed to increase their sleep knowledge and 83% aimed to improve their sleep. At follow-up, 91% reported being more knowledgeable and 37% reported improved sleep. A novel Stages of Change item revealed that 53% of students’ attitudes towards their sleep behaviours had changed from baseline. There was a reduction in sleep latency at follow-up (mean 33.3 vs. 25.6 min, p = 0.015), but no change in the total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score. In summary, completion of an online course led to increased sleep and circadian knowledge and changed sleep attitudes, with no meaningful change in sleep behaviours. Future interventions should consider components of behavioural change that go beyond the knowledge–attitudes–behaviour continuum.

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Ethics Courses Teaching Linkage to Quality Management Education

Quality Management Principles and Policies in Higher Education - Advances in Higher Education and Professional Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1017-9.ch012 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 232-245

Author(s):

Damini Saini ◽

Sunita Singh Sengupta

Keyword(s):

Ethics Education ◽

Management Education ◽

History Of Ethics ◽

Ethical Education ◽

Ethics Course ◽

History Of ◽

Management Institutions ◽

Ethics Courses

Almost every management institution in India has an ethics course in their curriculum that is focused upon inculcating the value set in an individual. To understand the role of ethical education in accelerating the quality of management education, this chapter provides a discussion of implications of the questions of quality, dilemma, and pedagogy of ethical training. In the introduction, the authors emphasize on the reasons of focusing upon the ethical education, then give a brief history of ethics education in Indian management institutions. In order to show the significance, authors also show the place of ethics course in top 10 business institutions in India. Further, the authors describe the main focus of the chapter that is the contribution of ethics in management education.

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All the king's men: the impact of the crown's Irish soldiers on the English civil war

Irish Historical Studies ◽

10.1017/s0021121400113136 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 21 (83) ◽

pp. 239-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joyce Lee Malcolm

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

English Civil War ◽

Military Assistance ◽

History Of ◽

Disastrous Effect ◽

Second Year ◽

King's Men ◽

The Impact

In the second year of the English civil war both king and parliament sought and received substantial military assistance from outside the kingdom: Charles concluded a truce with the Irish rebels and began the importation of troops from Ireland; parliament negotiated the introduction of an army from Scotland. Historians of the period are agreed that these parallel steps had quite opposite results. While the Scots army is invariably viewed as a ‘big factor in turning the scales against the king’, Charles's importation of Irish soldiers is regarded as having an insignificant impact on his military situation and a disastrous effect upon his popular standing. Parliament's alliance with the Scots has therefore been acclaimed necessary and prudent, Charles's acquisition of Irish help a terrible blunder. Samuel R. Gardiner, in his classic history of the English civil war, singled out the king's importation of Irish troops to England as the act which did most to weaken his authority.

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T-Group Training and Self-Actualization

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1971.28.2.391 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 391-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Cary L. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Group Training ◽

Personal Orientation Inventory ◽

Before And After ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Significant Change ◽

Personal Orientation ◽

The Impact

This study examined the impact of T-group training on trainees' self-actualization. Trainees were given the Personal Orientation Inventory before and after 2 1-wk. T-groups. They showed significant change in the direction of becoming more independent and self-supporting, more flexible, more sensitive to their own needs and feelings, more spontaneous and more accepting of aggression.

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The impact of certolizumab pegol treatment on the incidence of anterior uveitis flares in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: 48-week interim results from C-VIEW

RMD Open ◽

10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e001161 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Irene van der Horst-Bruinsma ◽

Rianne van Bentum ◽

Frank D Verbraak ◽

Thomas Rath ◽

James T Rosenbaum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Anterior Uveitis ◽

Poisson Regression ◽

Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽

Certolizumab Pegol ◽

Tnf Inhibitor ◽

Open Label ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

BackgroundAcute anterior uveitis (AAU) is the most common extra-articular manifestation in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). C-VIEW investigates the impact of the Fc-free TNF inhibitor certolizumab pegol (CZP) on AAU flares in patients with active axSpA at high risk of recurrent AAU.MethodsC-VIEW (NCT03020992) is a 96-week ongoing, multicentre, open-label, phase 4 study. Included patients had an axSpA diagnosis, a history of recurrent AAU (≥2 AAU flares, ≥1 flare in the year prior to study entry), HLA-B27 positivity, active disease, and failure of ≥2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients received CZP 400 mg at Weeks 0/2/4, then 200 mg every 2 weeks up to 96 weeks. This 48-week pre-planned interim analysis compares AAU flare incidence in the 48 weeks before and after initiation of CZP treatment, using Poisson regression to account for possible within-patient correlations.ResultsIn total, 89 patients were included (male: 63%; radiographic/non-radiographic axSpA: 85%/15%; mean axSpA disease duration: 8.6 years). During 48 weeks’ CZP treatment, 13 (15%) patients experienced 15 AAU flares, representing an 87% reduction in AAU incidence rate (146.6 per 100 patient-years (PY) in the 48 weeks pre-baseline to 18.7 per 100 PY during CZP treatment). Poisson regression analysis showed that the incidence rate of AAU per patient reduced from 1.5 to 0.2 (p<0.001). No new safety signals were identified.ConclusionsThere was a significant reduction in the AAU flare rate during 48 weeks of CZP treatment, indicating that CZP is a suitable treatment option for patients with active axSpA and a history of recurrent AAU.

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Ethics Courses Teaching Linkage to Quality Management Education

Research Anthology on Business and Technical Education in the Information Era ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-5345-9.ch005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 62-75

Author(s):

Damini Saini ◽

Sunita Singh Sengupta

Keyword(s):

Ethics Education ◽

Management Education ◽

History Of Ethics ◽

Ethical Education ◽

Ethics Course ◽

History Of ◽

Management Institutions ◽

Ethics Courses

Almost every management institution in India has an ethics course in their curriculum that is focused upon inculcating the value set in an individual. To understand the role of ethical education in accelerating the quality of management education, this chapter provides a discussion of implications of the questions of quality, dilemma, and pedagogy of ethical training. In the introduction, the authors emphasize on the reasons of focusing upon the ethical education, then give a brief history of ethics education in Indian management institutions. In order to show the significance, authors also show the place of ethics course in top 10 business institutions in India. Further, the authors describe the main focus of the chapter that is the contribution of ethics in management education.

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Fifty years of the UK Misuse of Drugs Act 1971: the legislative contexts

Drugs and Alcohol Today ◽

10.1108/dat-08-2021-0038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Blaine Stothard

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Evidence Base ◽

People Who Use Drugs ◽

Content Type ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of ◽

The Government ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the history of relevant legislation before and after the 1971 Misuse of Drugs Act (MDA). Design/methodology/approach A chronological narrative of laws and reports with concluding discussion. Findings That UK legislators have not made use of the evidence base available to them and have favoured enforcement rather than treatment approaches. That current UK practice has exacerbated not contain the use of and harms caused by illegal drugs. Research limitations/implications The paper does not cover all relevant documents, especially those from non-governmental sources. Practical implications The practical implications centre on the failure of consecutive governments to reflect on and review the impact of current legislation, especially on people who use drugs. Social implications That the situations of people who use drugs are currently ignored by the government and those proven responses which save lives and reduce harm are rejected. Originality/value The paper attempts to show the historical contexts of control and dangerousness of which the MDA is one instrument.

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Evaluating Service-Learning with Older Adults on Undergraduate College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 943-944

Author(s):

Sharon Merkin

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Service Learning ◽

Community Service ◽

Student Attitudes ◽

Well Being ◽

Before And After ◽

Students Attitudes ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction: Students in the Frontiers in Human Aging course at UCLA participate in service-learning (SL) with older adults. In 2020, completion of SL coincided with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated the impact of SL on student attitudes on aging and community service in the context of the pandemic. Methods: Students were assigned to senior residential and daycare programs for 18-20 hours of SL. A retrospective pretest-posttest survey asked about attitudes and interests before and after SL and how the COVID-19 pandemic affected these perceptions; 73 (of 103) students responded. Mean differences before and after SL were tested and differences were assessed within groups reporting COVID-19 effects. Results: SL improved students’ attitudes and ability to engage with older adults, knowledge about aging concepts, interest in future work with older adults, attitudes on community service, social well-being and feelings of usefulness (p<0.001). There was no significant change in overall anxiety about aging (p=0.1), however, students showed increased anxiety about losing independence and finances when older (p<0.05). At least 50% of students reported that the COVID-19 pandemic increased their awareness of needs of older adults (81.9%) and decreased connection to their peers (50.7%); the impact of SL remained unchanged by these effects. Conclusion: Despite the overall benefits of SL, increased anxiety about aspects of aging suggests the need to address these concerns. While the COVID-19 pandemic did not seem to affect the impact of SL, this event did seem to influence perceptions about aging and social integration.

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