scholarly journals A PROPÓSITO DE LA PRIVATIZACION DE PETRO PERU. Negocios Independientes o Integración Vertical

1995 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Santiago Roca ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
Positive Results

It analyzes the various sales modalities raised in view of the privatization of the state oil company, Petroperú, mainly the modality of subdivision into independent businesses proposed by the Special Committee for the Promotion of Private Investment (Cepri) of this company. It finds that, apparently, the oil industry needs to operate vertically integrated; however, this possibility must be determined based on the market, the interlinking between the parties and the objectives to be achieved for the benefit of the country. On the other hand, the plan presented by Cepri combines transfer of ownership, strategic alliances with oil operators, concession and license mechanisms, but it would also establish the obligatory of a series of long-term contracts and regulatory mechanisms that would replace the internal transactions of an integrated system. Other options that could generate positive results are also analyzed, provided the necessary regulations are in place. Finally, it points out that in order to decide the best form of privatization, not only the costs, risks and business potential of each option must be evaluated, but also the political consequences and the benefits that the State would obtain from each one of them.

Contradiction of space, centralization of capital, and the hybrid state oil company: The case of Russia

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Labban
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Hybrid State ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
National Oil Companies ◽  
Russian State ◽  
And Control ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
A New Species

A new species of capital has emerged from the development of inter-capitalist competition in the oil industry. Oil-producing states have fused with financial and productive/extractive capital, foreign and domestic, into hybrid state oil companies. These are centralized monopolies that transcend the historical geographical opposition between private transnational oil companies and national oil companies. As partially nationalized state monopolies, they allow oil-producing states access to global capital markets, while retaining the control of the state over the flow of foreign capital into the domestic oil industry. They thus mediate the contradiction between the integration of capital at the transnational level and its territorial fragmentation at the national scale, only to internalize it in the process. I examine this process in the case of the ongoing consolidation of the Russian oil industry under state control, focusing on two inter-related contradictions: an attempt by the Russian state to liberalize the oil industry, yet shield it against the expansion and control of foreign oil companies; and the dependence of the state on foreign financial capital in the very process of consolidating control over the oil industry.

The Rise and Fall of State Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Castelar Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Second Period

We can divide the history of Brazilian state-owned enterprise (SOEs) into two periods. In the first (1930s to late 1970s), SOEs were a policy instrument in state-led industrialization. They produced manufactured goods, supplied cheap inputs to private manufacturing firms, and financed those companies with long-term, subsidized loans. In the second period (1980s to the early 2000s), Brazil privatized several of its main SOEs. Privatization was mainly seen as an answer to macroeconomic problems and did not result from a national ideological about-face; indeed, most Brazilians continued to trust the state to lead development. Thus, the fall of SOEs was relative. Large companies such as Petrobrás and Eletrobrás continue in state hands. Moreover, the Lula and Rousseff administrations created several SOEs and strengthened others. And the state developed new channels to influence private investment, through a network of equity participations in private companies, held by BNDES and SOE pension funds.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fractures and Disability Defects Accidents in Lian Oil Company by Tripod Beta Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Akhavan ◽  
SH Salehi Reyhani ◽  
Gh Halvani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Talented People ◽  
Oil Company

Introduction: Undoubtedly, the first step in controlling accidents is to analyze them to identify the root causes. In this study, the root causes of accidents leading to severe consequences have been analyzed using the beta tripod technique in Lian Oil Company. Materials and Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical. In this research, the events of 2020 in two barrel-making and barrel filling units of Lian Oil Refining and Trade Company have been investigated. The tripod-beta method is one of the methods of tracing the roots of accidents, which is widely used in the oil industry because of its special attitude towards the element of human error. Using investigator software, a tripod beta diagram related to three fracture and disability accidents was drawn and after recording and identifying the relevant causes and obstacles, corrective measures were taken to prevent similar accidents. The basis of accident control is the creation of appropriate control and defense systems in such a way as to prevent the interconnection and interaction of the risk factor and the target factor. Results: The results of this study show that non-compliance with safety principles due to reduced staff awareness and lack of long-term and short-term training are the root causes of accidents studied and had the highest impact on these events. 45% of cases were related to the cause of the accident. Other cases after training have had almost the same effect on the occurrence of events. Each of the cases accounted for 11% of the causes of the accidents.  Conclusion: Beta tripod technique is currently one of the best methods for tracing the roots of accidents. The results also indicate that effective measures in the normal time phase, i.e. employing more talented people, conducting training at the beginning of employment, and upstream perspective, i.e. operator coordination with hardware and methods of implementation in the phase of ideas and thinking and design will greatly prevent accidents.

scholarly journals A Promising Model of the “Symmetrical Federation” State System in the Context of Ensuring National Security of Russia

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
E. I. Foigel ◽  
G. G. Nebratenko ◽  
I. G. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
State System ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Perspective Model

The problem of ensuring national security is so important for the Russian Federation that, along with the rule of human rights and freedoms, as well as patriotism, it can become an ideological pillar. The asymmetry of the state system of Russia poses one of the treats to the state security. It invariably affects the vector and pace of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, creates conditions for decentralization and, in the long term, could lead to more serious political consequences. A potential for improvement of the state system lies in strengthening of the institution of plenipotentiary representatives of the President of Russia in the federal districts, as well as in considering the further enlargement of certain constituent entities of the Federation. The fact is that the existing model of the state system that evolved as a result of the Russian Federation succession to the USSR does not any longer comply with the national interest creating a gap in the field of ensuring state security.The existance of the constituent entities that are heterogeneous in territory, population size and composition, economic potential, and the most importantly — the actual amount of political rights granted to ethnos -- inevitably raises the question of the illusory of the equality of peoples settled in the republics, autonomous districts and regions, with other indigenous and non-indigenous small peoples, as well as with the Russians. Such differentiation forms the dynamics of latent migration processes, as well as complicates the criminogenic situation due to “ethnic crime”, including corruption-related crimes, creating problems for the State in the field of law enforcement. This kind of metamorphoses, which require constitutional changes, forces the domestic legal science to develop a perspective model of the state structure of Russia. Discussions on this issue are valuable in themselves, as they allow us to formulate possible directions for the development of the state and law with due regard to the historical destiny and international mission of our State, especially in light of the 75th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The considerations stated above mainstream this paper.

scholarly journals Results of the use of natural healing factors of Crimea in the treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis with the background of gastroenterological pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
S. G. Bezrukov ◽  
I. F. Feshchenko ◽  
E. I. Belenova ◽  
E. A. Tarasenko ◽  
V. V. Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Natural Healing ◽  
Positive Results

Relevance. Currently, researchers pay close attention to the study of chronic diseases that have a direct or indirect impact on the state of the patient’s dental status. It is known that chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral organs are, often simultaneously, permanent foci of infection that affect the state of other systems and organs. The general list of such diseases includes: chronic gingivitis, chronic generalized periodontitis, glossitis, gingivostomatitis.Aim. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of complex conservative therapy, including natural therapeutic factors of Crimea, in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral organs, occurring against the background of somatic pathology.Materials and methods. The objects of the study were periodontal tissues in 70 people with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) and gingivostomatitis, occurring against the background of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.Results. The results obtained indicate that complex treatment with local application of hydrotherapy named “PhytoBiol” and thermal Saka mineral water (in a dilution of 1:4), combined with periodontal dressings according to the recipe proposed by us, cause persistent remission of these diseases, contribute to the improvement of periodontal tissues and oral mucosa. Thus, complex treatment of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues in patients in the main group (n = 35) led to long-term remission in 82.33% of cases, while in the control group the result was 69.5% (at p < 0.05).Conclusions. The positive results, which were obtained, give grounds to recommend the proposed complex of treatment and prevention of exacerbations of this chronic disease for use in practical health care.

scholarly journals Intelligent Technology to Enhance Policing and Public Accountability

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-67
Author(s):  
Vieira Lira Neto Aloísio ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The Public ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Intelligent Technology ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Long Term Studies

In view of the situation of violence faced in Brazil, several actors, from the most diverse areas of knowledge, have been dedicated to studying, analyzing and proposing solutions for public security. The great challenge of much of what is produced is to combine theory with practice. In addition, the fact that we do not have State policies, but Government policies contribute significantly to the lack of long-term studies. Discontinuities, whether due to the ineffectiveness of what is proposed, or due to cultural and organizational changes in crime, preclude a cycle of planning, execution, evaluation and correction. This brings us to the first observation of modern public security: volatility. Thus, it is impossible to imagine modern management without the use of technology for the quick and assertive analysis of the problems faced. In this sense, the use of the intelligence, strategy, and technology triad becomes essential for accurate monitoring of these changes, providing guidelines and subsidies for the modernization of public security management and security and policing matrix. Given these statements, the present study has the general objective of presenting the Policy to Combat the Mobility of Crime and its effects on the Public Security of the State of Cear[Pleaseinsert“PrerenderUnicode–˝intopreamble] (Brazil), referring to the period from 2017 to 2019. Through an empirical analysis, statistical data were collected to present a direct scenario of the implementation and the results achieved and present the theoretical relationship between the actions and the results, thus providing an exploratory depth of the facts and their impacts. In order to show the positive results achieved, a quantitative and qualitative method was used to correlate aspects and concepts in the large area of the humanities with practical policing and technological applications. As a result of the implementation of the Combating the Mobility of Crime, the State of Cear[Pleaseinsert“PrerenderUnicode–˝intopreamble] managed to place the number of robberies and homicides among the lowest rates of the decade, gaining national prominence of strategy and technology employed. Thus, the Policy to Combat the Mobility of Crime changed the policing matrix, allowing greater efficiency of the resources used and better monitoring the indicators.

Power Projects and Covid-19: A Practical Analysis of the Relevance of Force Majeure Clauses under the Standardised Power Purchase and Implementation Agreements of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Aisha Naiga ◽  
Loyola Rwabose Karobwa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Energy Justice

Over 90% of Uganda's power is generated from renewable sources. Standardised Implementation Agreements and Power Purchase Agreements create a long-term relationship between Generating Companies and the state-owned off-taker guaranteed by Government. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb the spread of the virus have triggered the scrutiny and application of force majeure (FM) clauses in these agreements. This article reviews the FM clauses and considers their relevance. The authors submit that FM clauses are a useful commercial tool for achieving energy justice by ensuring the continuity of the project, despite the dire effects of the pandemic. Proposals are made for practical considerations for a post-COVID-19 future which provides the continued pursuit of policy goals of promoting renewable energy sources and increasing access to clean energy, thus accelerating just energy transitions.

Current Situation of the Efficiency of the National Budget Allocation in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Trong Vinh ◽  
Nguyen Cam Nhung
Keyword(s):  
Budget Allocation ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
State Budget ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Positive Results

This research evaluates the efficiency of the state budget allocation in Vietnam in the period 2007-2016 by using econometric models of OLS, FEM, REM and FGLS. The estimated results from the model, together with the evaluation of the state budget allocation show that the budget allocation has achieved positive results, but the efficiency of budget allocation is still not high. Following this, the article gives some policy implications for Vietnam to effectively allocate the state budget in the near future.

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