scholarly journals Intelligent Technology to Enhance Policing and Public Accountability

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-67
Author(s):  
Vieira Lira Neto Aloísio ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The Public ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Intelligent Technology ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Long Term Studies

In view of the situation of violence faced in Brazil, several actors, from the most diverse areas of knowledge, have been dedicated to studying, analyzing and proposing solutions for public security. The great challenge of much of what is produced is to combine theory with practice. In addition, the fact that we do not have State policies, but Government policies contribute significantly to the lack of long-term studies. Discontinuities, whether due to the ineffectiveness of what is proposed, or due to cultural and organizational changes in crime, preclude a cycle of planning, execution, evaluation and correction. This brings us to the first observation of modern public security: volatility. Thus, it is impossible to imagine modern management without the use of technology for the quick and assertive analysis of the problems faced. In this sense, the use of the intelligence, strategy, and technology triad becomes essential for accurate monitoring of these changes, providing guidelines and subsidies for the modernization of public security management and security and policing matrix. Given these statements, the present study has the general objective of presenting the Policy to Combat the Mobility of Crime and its effects on the Public Security of the State of Cear[Pleaseinsert“PrerenderUnicode–˝intopreamble] (Brazil), referring to the period from 2017 to 2019. Through an empirical analysis, statistical data were collected to present a direct scenario of the implementation and the results achieved and present the theoretical relationship between the actions and the results, thus providing an exploratory depth of the facts and their impacts. In order to show the positive results achieved, a quantitative and qualitative method was used to correlate aspects and concepts in the large area of the humanities with practical policing and technological applications. As a result of the implementation of the Combating the Mobility of Crime, the State of Cear[Pleaseinsert“PrerenderUnicode–˝intopreamble] managed to place the number of robberies and homicides among the lowest rates of the decade, gaining national prominence of strategy and technology employed. Thus, the Policy to Combat the Mobility of Crime changed the policing matrix, allowing greater efficiency of the resources used and better monitoring the indicators.

The impact of Vaccination worldwide on SARS-CoV-2 infection: A Review on Vaccine Mechanisms, Results of Clinical Trials, Vaccinal Coverage and Interactions with Novel Variants

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Henrique Pereira Damasceno ◽  
Arthur Aguiar Amaral ◽  
Cecília Andrade Silva ◽  
Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Epidemiological Information ◽  
Long Term Studies

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic demanded a global effort towards quickly developing safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Objective: This review aimed to discuss the main vaccines available, their mechanisms of action, results of clinical trials and epidemiological behavior. The implications of viral variants were also debated. Methods: A non-systematic literature review was performed between February and March 2021 by searching the Pubmed, Scopus, and SciELO databases, using different combinations of the following terms: "vaccines", "clinical trials" , "SARS-CoV-2", "Coronavirus", "COVID-19", "mechanisms of action". Data regarding clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and epidemiological information were also searched. Results: The mechanisms of action included vector-virus, mRNA and inactivated virus vaccines. The vaccines showed positive results in phases 2/3 clinical trials. The efficacy of the mRNA 1273 and of mRNA BNT 162b2 vaccines were 94.1% and 95%, respectively. The effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine varied according to the scheme, with an overall value of 70.4%. The Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine had an efficacy of 91.6%. Regarding the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, 99% or more of seroconversion was observed in all subgroups 29 days after vaccination. The CoronaVac vaccine induced an immune response in 92% of the volunteers receiving 3ug and in 98% with 6ug, in comparison to 3% in the placebo group. Conclusion: Global efforts have resulted in vaccines available in record time, with good safety and immunogenicity profile. However, only long-term studies can provide more information on duration of immunity and the need for additional doses.

scholarly journals Fiskalni multiplikatori i tranzicijske zemlje

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Željko Marić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
The State ◽  
Fiscal Multipliers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Keynesian Economic

Bosnia and Herzegovina is in a state of long-term recession. Under these conditions, the State would have to apply the Keynesian economic policy instead of the neoclassical free market policy. This means that the State should take on the role of the main driver of economic development by increasing public spending and the fiscal consolidation. In doing so, it is very important to understand and evaluate the fiscal multipliers, as the successful application of the Keynesian policy depends exclusively on them. The aim of this paper is, after conducting an analysis of determinants and limitations of the fiscal multipliers within the conditions present in transition countries, to provide guidance on how to conduct the public spending policy, together with the monetary policy and structural reforms which would reduce the possible limitations regarding the effect of fiscal multipliers, thus increasing their impact on economic development. The analysis will be conducted on the example of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

scholarly journals Amphibians of the Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, a sandy coastal environment in southeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Carmo ◽  
Ingrid Ribeiro Miguel ◽  
Pedro H. Pinna ◽  
Daniel Silva Fernandes ◽  
Manoela Woitovicz-Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
First Time ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract: We provide an inventory checklist of the amphibians from Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba (PNRJ), a sandy coastal environment in southeastern Brazil. As a result of three years of surveys, from August 2013 to June 2016, a total of 36 amphibians species were recorded - one Gymnophiona (Typhlonectidae) and 35 species of five anuran families: Bufonidae (2 species), Craugastoridae (1), Hylidae (21), Leptodactylidae (8), and Microhylidae (3). One specie is reported for the first time for the restinga ecosystem (Chthonerpeton braestrupi) and 24 species were recorded for the first time to the PNRJ. This result reinforces the importance of long-term studies for accurate knowledge of the biodiversity. Considering that the biodiversity of the fragments of the sandy coastal environments in the state of Rio de Janeiro is poorly known, the present study provided a more detailed knowledge about different aspects of the biodiversity in the PNRJ, contributing to the preservation of this threatened ecosystem.

scholarly journals The extent of debt financing within state-owned corporations in Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah Odhiambo Nyamita ◽  
Nirmala Dorasamy ◽  
Hari Lall Garbharran
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Agency Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Debt Financing ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Reforms

The public sector reforms’ programme in Kenya, has witnessed five state-owned corporations being privatised, and several more, from hotels to banks, have been scheduled to be privatised. However, many of Kenya’s state-owned corporations are in considerable debt, which reduce their value in the process of privatisation. This study attempted to determine the extent and the theory suitable for explaining debt-financing within the state-owned corporations in Kenya from 2007 to 2011. The study applied both descriptive statistics and a hybrid of cross sectional and longitudinal quantitative surveys. The results observed some level of stability on the aggregate long-term debt ratios, with minimal use of stock market instruments, which implied the application of the agency theory.

scholarly journals Exposure to Discretionary Arrests Increases Support for Anti-Police Protests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Hsuan Yun Chen ◽  
Paul McLachlan ◽  
Christopher Fariss
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Perceptions Of Fairness ◽  
Police Records ◽  
Study Support ◽  
State Agents ◽  
Using Data

The legitimacy of the state rests on individuals' perceptions of fairness when interacting with state institutions and state agents. The police as an institution and as individual agents have wide latitude to detain and use force against individuals. We argue that encounters with state bureaucracy and civil servants, specifically the police, can generate individual-level grievances against the state, and that these grievances make it more likely an individual participates in protest against the state. We study support for and the legitimacy of policing in the context of the anti-police protests in Baltimore, MD following the death of Freddie Gray in April, 2015. Using data from police records and social media, we show that individuals with higher exposure to discretionary arrests --- arrests that are potentially viewed as illegitimate or arbitrary --- are more likely to support protests against the police. In contrast, we demonstrate that exposure to arrests for major crimes such as murder does not follow the same pattern. Thus, support for the police as an institution varies systematically with exposure to arbitrary and capricious encounters with police agents. As these grievance generating encounters become more widespread, we expect to see increased protests against the police and further erosion in support of the police as an institution. Alternatively, shifting institutional resources to focus on major crimes and limiting the discretionary authority of police agents when interacting with the public may help to repair the legitimacy of policing institutions over the long term.

scholarly journals Background for the formation and predictors for the implementation of state anti-corruption policy in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Т. А. Крушельницька
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
State Management ◽  
Common Purpose

Corruption in the public administration of Ukraine, which is a socio-economic phenomenon, is investigated as a plurality of actions of public service officials, which is arising in the process of realization of their authorities and building relationships and connecting with abuse of political or public authority for the sake of personal gain. An analysis of the preconditions for formation and theoretical substantiation of the predictors of the state anti-corruption policy implementation is conducted. Corruption is manifested through such institutional deformations as institutional constraints, legal burdens, distortions of moral and ethical standards of officials, and tolerance of corruption by society.The main preconditions for the formation of anticorruption policy are as follows: the set of external and internal factors of the mechanisms of public and managerial activity, which is burdened by the historical legacy of the administrative-command system of the Soviet era; formation of the outlook of a civil servant, in which the common purpose of occupying a post is a phenomenon like sinecure; a feature of professional state-management activity, which is determined by the state-power authorities of individuals, which are the exclusive privilege and responsibility of officials; the existence of legal preferences that imply inequality of citizens in the access to socially useful benefits that distort understanding of the legal equality of citizens and are the basis of corruption; the presence of effective foreign experience in the implementation of anticorruption policy, based on the cooperation of government institutions with the private sector and the public, is long-term and complex.The main predictors that will become qualitative and quantitative benchmarks for changing the trend in the implementation of anti-corruption policies are reducing the proportion of actions committed to attract corruption leverage, reducing the share of the shadow economy, raising the index of perceived corruption in Ukraine for five years at least to an average of 60-65, the creation of prerequisites for absolute rejection of corruption, complete lack of tolerance to any, even minimal, manifestations of corruption.

scholarly journals Traumatism is a priority medicosocial problem

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-314
Author(s):  
H. Z. Gafarov ◽  
V. S. Murugov
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Long Term Studies

The traumatism problem as a whole and in particular in Tatarstan Republic is considered. It is stressed that traumatism prevention should be carried out on the state level. Social nature of traumatism with losses of labour and means makes it necessery to create the organizations as interdepartmental traumatism drive commissions of administrations heads where the preventive work should be centered. The fundamental problems of traumatism suck as bone tissue regeneration, hemorrhage, lethality, endoprosthetocs require subsequent long-term studies.

scholarly journals CRISE DE SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO: UM IMPASSE PARA O FEDERALISMO NACIONAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (67) ◽  
pp. 31-59
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Ramiro Junior
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Police Organization ◽  
The Public ◽  
Federal Intervention

A partir de um diagnóstico da singularidade da crise do Rio de Janeiro na área da Segurança Pública, dois pontos críticos tidos como causas do fenômeno são observados: a crise de autoridade local, que leva a um entrecruzamento de competências, e, por conseguinte, as consequências de um federalismo impróprio. O impasse federativo é explicado pelas reiteradas formas de intervenção por parte de entes da União Federal no âmbito estadual. A fim de enfrentar esse dilema, o texto discute a ideia de uma ação permanente da União no Rio de Janeiro, a partir de uma hipotética autodeclaração de impotência local, e, de outro lado, do reconhecimento da particularidade de determinado ente, em que o local se confunde com o nacional. Em termos práticos, o resultado da pesquisa traz entrevistas, que refletem um prognóstico de organização das polícias num novo desenho federativo. Observa-se ainda como a Intervenção Federal decretada em 2018 acaba reiterando as presunções apontadas na pesquisa.   Based on a diagnosis of the uniqueness of the Rio de Janeiro crisis in the Public Security, this paper presents two critical points as causes of the phenomenon: the crisis of local authority, which leads to a cross-linking of public competencies, and, consequently, the aftereffects of the Brazilian constitutional federalism. The federative impasse is explained by the repeated forms of intervention by Union entities at the state. In order to address this problem, the text discusses the idea of a permanent action by the Union in Rio de Janeiro, based on a hypothetical self-declaration of local impotence, and, on the other hand, the recognition of a particularity in Rio, where the local is confounded with the national. Finally, the research results bring interviews, which reflect a prognosis of police organization in a new federative design. In addition, the paper analyzes how the Federal Intervention decreed in 2018 reinforces the assumptions pointed out in this research.] A partir de un diagnóstico de la singularidad de la crisis de Río de Janeiro en la Seguridad Pública, la violencia, los crímenes, etc., se observa dos puntos críticos que son como causas del fenómeno: la crisis de autoridad local, que conduce al entrecruzamiento de competencias, y, por consiguiente, las consecuencias de un federalismo inapropiado. El bloqueo federativo se explica por las reiteradas maneras de intervención de la Unión en el ámbito estadual. Con el fin de enfrentar este dilema, el texto discute la idea de una acción permanente de la Unión Federal en Río de Janeiro, a partir de una hipotética auto declaración de impotencia local, y, por otro lado, del reconocimiento de la particularidad de determinado ente, en que lo local se confunde con lo nacional. En términos prácticos, el resultado de la investigación trae entrevistas que reflejan un pronóstico de organización de las policías en un nuevo diseño federativo. Es oportuno observar que la Intervención Federal decretada en 2018 fortalece el diagnostico desarrollado en esta investigación.

scholarly journals Anthropology and the State in Brazil: questions concerning a complex relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos de Souza Lima ◽  
Caio Gonçalves Dias
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Third Moment

Abstract In this article we argue that, in order to understand the “attack” made on anthropology in Brazil, undertaken in the public sphere since the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century, we need to look at how anthropological knowledge has become disciplined and institutionalized in the medium to long term. We refer, in particular, to the relationship between what has been constituted as a “field of anthropology” and issues related to the public sphere. It is also necessary to consider the configuration with other institutionalized knowledge throughout the period spanning from the end of the nineteenth century to the present, with discontinuities but also with some important continuities. We look to show that the anthropology initially undertaken in Brazil was basically committed to furthering the interests of the agrarian-based political elites, a situation that continued from the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century and into the first decades of the twenty-first, not only at the level of nation building, but also in the formation of the State. However, since the 1950s, and especially following creation of the new postgraduate courses in the late 1960s and early 1970s, anthropologists developed knowledge that led them to make an ethical and moral commitment to the communities with which they worked, combined with a critique of the military regime’s developmentalism and dictatorial authoritarianism. During a third moment ranging from the constituent process to the present, a portion of Brazilian anthropologists began to work directly in the recognition of rights constitutionally assigned to differentiated collectivities, generating a growing and progressive zone of friction with the hegemonic sectors at the economic-political level.

scholarly journals GERAKAN ANAK HEBAT DENGAN EDUKASI HAND HYGIENE DAN JAJANAN SEHAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Dyah Rahmawatie Ratna Budi Utami ◽  
Siti Fatmawati
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Positive Results

Great kids need to have healthy behaviors. Instinctively children love snack and more interested in snacks with various color and taste. Ironically these days children's snacks become a problem that needs the attention of the public, because the snacks are at risk of contamination by biological or chemical contaminants that can interfere with health, both short and long term. The purpose of community service is to improve the knowledge and skills in hand washing and choosing healthy snacks. This devotional activity is conducted one day in the form of an interactive discussion with the material about choosing healthy snacks, demonstrations and redemontration handwashing way. Based on observations during community service activities, some positive results were obtained, such as: 1). The participants are enthusiastic about the material 2). The participants were active in the question and answer session and half more enthusiastic participants demonstrated hand washing. The result is the improvement of knowledge and skill of participants related to choosing healthy snacks and hand washing. The conclusion of this activity is education with interactive discussion, demonstration and redemonstration able to improve the knowledge and skill of children about hand washing and choosing healthy snacks.

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