scholarly journals АККУМУЛЯЦИЯ 137Cs ЛИШАЙНИКОМ HYPOGYMNIA PHYSODES (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГОМЕЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Veronika N. Seglin ◽  
◽  
Оlga М. Hramchenkova ◽  
Aliaksandr A. Dvornik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Pine Stands

The paper presents the results of determining the 137Cs content in the biomass of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes, which growing in pine forests on the territory of the Gomel region with various levels of radioactive contamination.The research was carried out both in conditionally clean and radioactively contaminated areas with 137Cs soil contamination density from 37 to 1488 kBq m-2. The high accumulating capacity of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes in relation to 137Cs was shown, as well as an increase in the concentration of the radionuclide in the lichens biomass with an increase in the density of soil contamination. Differences in 137Cs accumulation by the lichen Hypogymnia physodes, growing in uneven-aged pine stands, were noted. The lowest concentrations of 137Cs were noted in the samples growing in mature pine forests, while thalli sampled from young pine stands contain significant amounts of the radionuclide.

scholarly journals Radioecological assessment of forage agricultural land in the southwestern areas of the Bryansk region based on a set of statistical models

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
S.I. Spiridonov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Ivanov ◽  
I.E. Titov ◽  
V.E. Nushtaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Standards ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Wide Range

This paper presents a radioecological assessment of forage agricultural land in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region based on data characterizing the variability of the radionuclides content in the soil. Concentration of 137Cs in forage was calculated taking into account the proba-bility distributions of 137Cs soil contamination density and the soil to plant transfer factor. The pro-cessing data of the radioecological survey has shown the soil contamination density with 137Cs of agricultural lands in the southwestern areas of the Bryansk region obeys a lognormal law. The authors have used statistical models and software modules for the radioecological assessment of forage lands. Risks of exceeding the 137Cs content standards in forage obtained on soils with different texture have been calculated. The limiting levels of contamination of pastures and hay-fields with 137Cs, ensuring compliance with the specified risks for forage, have been estimated. The lowest limiting soil contamination density is characteristic of organic soils, which can be con-sidered “critical” from the point of view of 137Cs intake into forage. The authors have predicted the time of remediation of forage lands in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region in the ab-sence of protective measures based on a probabilistic approach. The time period during which the risk of forage contamination for sandy, sandy loam and clay loam soils will decrease to 10% varies for the areas under consideration in a wide range, not exceeding 64 years. It is concluded that it is advisable to substantiate the value of the acceptable risk of forage contamination, taking into account radiological and socio-economic aspects.

scholarly journals Forest site conditions and the threat for insect outbreaks in the Scots pine stands of Polissya

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-278
Author(s):  
Olena Andreieva ◽  
Anatoliy Goychuk
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

AbstractScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most spread forest tree species in Polissya and the most damaged by foliage browsing and stem insects. The aim of this study was to reveal the changes in the distribution of different forest site conditions for 2010–2019 in Scots pine forests of the selected forestry enterprises of Polissya and possible consequences for the spread of foliage browsing insects. Database of Production Association ‘Ukrderzhlisproekt’ (by 2010 and 2019) was analysed for five State Forest Enterprises (FE) that are located in the Central (Zhytomyr Region) and Western (Rivne and Volyn Regions) Polissya, where the large scale outbreaks of stem pests were registered last decade.The types of forest site conditions were designated in accordance with the Ukrainian typology. Distribution of the forest area by trophotops and hygrotops was evaluated for the forest-covered area, for Scots pine stands, and for pure Scots pine stands in 2010 and in 2019.For 2010–2019, the area of all Scots pine forests and its proportion in the forest-covered area has significantly decreased in the most of analysed forest enterprises. The change for 2010–2019 in the distribution both by the tropho-tops and by hygrotops of the entire forest-covered area, the area of all Scots pine forests and pure pine forests is not statistically significant. However, in assessment year 2019, the proportion of stands in the moist types of forest site conditions slightly increased. It may be the result of the stands’ mortality in the driest sites after an outbreak of bark beetles. A greater decrease in the proportion of Scots pine forest area in the dry poor, fresh poor, and dry relatively poor forest site conditions was found in the western direction. Therefore, the noted decrease in the foci areas of foliage browsing insects in Polissya in 2010–2012 compared to the 2000–2002 could be associated with a decrease in the most preferred stands, namely the poorest and driest types of forest site conditions.

scholarly journals The Structure of Northern Siberian Spruce–Scots Pine Forests at Different Stages of Post-Fire Succession

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Stavrova ◽  
Vadim V. Gorshkov ◽  
Paul N. Katjutin ◽  
Irina Ju. Bakkal
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Dwarf Shrub ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

The process of post-fire recovery in mixed Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests (Picea obovata Ledeb.-Pinus sylvestris L.), typical for the European North-West, was studied in the Kola peninsula (Russia). We used the spatial–temporal approach to reveal the size structure (diameter at breast height (DBH) distribution) and vital state of Siberian spruce and Scots pine stands, tree regeneration and species structure of the dwarf shrub–herb and lichen–moss layers at different stages of post-fire succession (8–380 years after the fire). It was found that in both forest-forming species, the process of stand stratification results in the allocation of two size groups of trees. In Siberian spruce, these groups persist throughout the succession. In Scots pine, DBH distributions become more homogeneous at the middle of succession (150–200 years after the fire) due to the extinction of small-size individuals. Siberian spruce stands are dominated by moderately and strongly weakened trees at all succession stages. The vitality status of Scots pine stands is higher compared to Siberian spruce up to 150 years after a fire. The dynamics of regeneration activity is similar in both species, with a minimum at the middle of the restoration period. The results indicate that in Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests, the stand structure and regeneration activity differs substantially in the first half of succession (up to 200 years after the fire) and become similar in the late-succession community. The study of lower layers revealed that the cover of moss–lichen and dwarf shrub–herb layers stabilize 150 years after a fire. Changes in species structure in both layers are observed until the late stage of succession. The originality of the structure and dynamics of mixed Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests is revealed based on a comparison with pure Siberian spruce forests in the same region.

Evolution of biodiversity in homogeneous Scots pine stands by an ecologically diversified management

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lust ◽  
B. Muys
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

This  study evaluates three important parameters of biodiversity in first  generation Scots pine forests on sandy soils: herbal layer, natural  regeneration and stand structure. The research was undertaken in the Belgian  Campine Region, where the original oak-birch forest had been destroyed in the  course of time and finally been replaced by monocultures of Scots pine. These  pine forests are characterised by a low biodiversity. In maturing stands of  this type, however, a spontaneous increase of biodiversity is noticed.     Herbal species diversity is very limited in all age classes. Spontaneous  establishment of Scots pine seedlings is presently a widespread phenomenon in  aging stands. Different regeneration patterns are found. Mainly due to the  lengthening of the rotation in combination with the ingrowth of several  hardwood species, the homogeneous Scots pine stands are gradually and  spontaneously transformed into heterogeneous mixed stands, featuring a  noticeable increase of biodiversity.     Nevertheless, selected human interventions may further increase  biodiversity. The fundamental management principles are discussed: avoidance  of big disturbances, lengthening of the rotation period, use of native tree  species, utilization of natural regeneration, protection of small valuable  biotopes and permanent monitoring.

scholarly journals The Recovery of Damaged Pine Forests in an Area Formerly Polluted by Nitrogen

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 384-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kestutis Armolaitis ◽  
Vidas Stakenas
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

An area in Lithuania containing coniferous stands of Scots pine and Norway spruce that were dead or damaged due to nitrogen pollution by a nitrogen fertilizer plant (JV Achema) was found to have expanded between 1974 and 1989 to a distance of 20 to 25 km northeast of the plant in the direction of prevailing winds. Over the last 10 years, when nitrogen pollution by the plant had decreased, a clear process of recovery of the damaged ecosystems could be observed. The following features of this process as it occurred in damaged Scots pine stands are discussed: (1) refoliation (or decreased defoliation) of damaged trees, where a clear positive trend could be observed; (2) changes in the species composition and in the covering by ground vegetation, where small changes and indication of less-nitrophilous species coverage could be detected; and (3) chemical and acidity changes in Luvisols and Arenosols, where a significant decrease could be seen especially concerning nitrate concentrations.

scholarly journals 241Am on the territories adjacent to the Belarusian sector of the Chernobyl NPP resettlement zone: soil contamination, foodstuffs and population internal dose assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2(св)) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
E. K. Nilova ◽  
V. N. Bortnovsky ◽  
S. A. Tagai ◽  
N. V. Dudareva ◽  
L. V. Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Internal Dose ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Radiochemical Method

241Am is the only radionuclide of Chernobyl radioactive fallout the content of which until 2058 continues to increase. The purpose of this work is to assess the 241Am internal exposure doses of residents of settlements on the territory adjacent to the resettlement lands of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. To achieve this goal the current levels of 241Am and accompanying 137Cs content in the soil and foodstuffs were determined at the private settlements of the Bragin district of Gomel region of Belarus. 241Am (Eγ 59.6 keV) content in soil samples and 137Сs (Eγ 661 keV) content in soil/food samples were determined by gamma spectrometry. Determination of 241Am specific activity in food samples was performed by the radiochemical method using selective extraction-chromatographic resins. With an average level of 1.3 kBq/m2 , the maximum soil contamination density of 241Am can reach 3.6 kBq/m2 , and for 137Cs it is one or two orders of magnitude higher and ranges from 50 kBq/m2 to 350 kBq/m2 . The maximum specific activity of 241Am in products is determined in samples of leafy parsley – 33 mBq/kg, and in samples of potatoes, beets, onions per feather – not exceed 5 mBq/kg. The content of accompanying 137Cs in samples of plant products is in the range of 3-12 Bq/kg. In estimation of the internal dose of exposure by the food chain it is conservatively assumed that the population receives all the main components of the diet in their own farmstead. Calculation of the dose of internal exposure during inhalation is made under the assumption that the population performs work in the garden 4 hours a day for 7 months. The total expected dose of internal exposure from 241Am residents of settlements is dominated by the inhalation component, while the oral route is dominant in the formation of the total dose of internal exposure from concomitant 137Сs, which is 20 or more times higher than 241Am.

scholarly journals Forest cover dynamics of the Bazoy Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) forest from 1915 to 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Nikita Debkov ◽  
Victor Sidorenkov ◽  
Elena Sidorenkova ◽  
Vladimir Sedykh
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
West Siberian Plain ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Human Economic Activity ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Siberian Pine ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The article considers the long-term (100 years) dynamics of the forest cover of the southernmost unit of Siberian pine forests on the West Siberian plain. A key feature of forest management is that Siberian pine seeds are a valuable food product and, when cutting forests, this tree species, as a rule, is preserved. The basis of the experimental data was the material of the national forest inventories of 1915, 1974 and 2015 for a total area of 1,420.41 ha. During the period from 1915 to 2015, the forested area changed slightly (96.2 and 94.0%), while the share of Siberian pine stands increased significantly from 48.4 to 58.7%. Grassy Siberian pine forests (32.1%) of optimal age (120–140 years), which are characterised by the best seed productivity and the largest share of Siberian pine in the community (77%), predominate. Basically, human economic activity results in an increase in the area of Siberian pine stands, when deciduous stands with Siberian pine undergrowth are used for fuel and as building material. A decrease in the area of Siberian pine forests occurs mainly under the impact of fires. In the conflagrations of 1915–1920, 7 to 38% of silver birch forests have no Siberian pine undergrowth and are considered long-term secondary communities. In the remaining area, the proportion of Siberian pine undergrowth is 20–30% with a density of 800–1200 seedlings ha−1, which is sufficient for the natural formation of Siberian pine forests.

Effect of Altitude and Age of Chir Pine Stands on Litter Production in Mid Hills of Himachal Pradesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
J. Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Needle Litter ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Chir Pine ◽  
Mature Stands

The litterfall under different aged (sapling, pole and mature) Chir pine stands were studied at two sites viz. Nauni and Moti Kona (Kasauli) having altitudes 1250-1275m and 1720-1745m amsl., respectively in the mid hills of Himachal Pradesh throughout the year. The litter comprised of needles, twigs / branch and bark under sapling and pole stands of Chir pine whereas cones were also the part of the total litter production under mature stands at both sites. The litterfall was maximum under mature stands followed by pole and sapling stands at Site-I whereas it was maximum under pole stand followed by mature and sapling stands at Site-II. The needles had the maximum share (93 to 99%) in the total litter under all the Chir pine stands. The average annual litter production under sapling,pole and mature stands was 64.68, 73.49 and 102.01 q/ha, respectively at Site-I whereas at Site-II, it was 33.34, 55.20 and 37.84 q/ha, respectively. The needle fall was maximum in summer months i.e. April and May under all the Chir pine stands at both the sites and it was about 60 to 70 per cent of the total litterfall of the year. The information generated from the present study may be beneficial for devising management strategies for Chir pine needle litter and can also help in making the strategies for fire control in Chir pine forests of mid hills of Himalayas.

Syntaxonomy of plant communitiesat the quarriesafter the cuttingsof lichen and green mosspine forests(middle taiga subzone of the European North-East of Russia)

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
I. A. Likhanova ◽  
G. S. Shushpannikova ◽  
G. V. Zheleznova ◽  
T. N. Pystina
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Green Moss ◽  
Ceratodon Purpureus ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
North East ◽  
Calamagrostis Epigeios ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Succession Stage

Plant communities of sandy (quarry 3 — 62°05ʹ26ʺ N, 48°43ʹ56ʺ E; 6 — 61°57ʹ35ʺ N, 50°36ʹ22ʺ E) and sandy loam (1 — 62°06ʹ28ʺ N, 48°48ʹ48ʺ E; 2 — 62°06ʹ19ʺ N, 48°48ʹ42ʺ E; 4 — 62°04ʹ36ʺ N, 48°34ʹ55ʺ E; 8d — 61°44ʹ00ʺ N, 50°39ʹ05ʺ E) quarries and the surrounding lichen and green-moss pine forests quarries are charaterized. The research has been performed in the middle taiga subzone of the European North-East of Russia. Floristic classification (Braun-Blanquet, 1964) was made for 91 relevés. The Ellenberg ecological values (Ellenberg, 1974) were used to assess moisture (F), acidity (R) and nitrogen content (N). Ordination was made by NMS approach using ExcelToR software. Plant communities of renewing and young pine stands at the quarries as well as of surrounding middle aged and mature stands are assigned to the alliance Cladonio stellaris–Pinion sylvestris Kielland-Lund ex Ermakov et Morozova 2011 order Pinetalia sylvestris Oberdorfer 1957 class Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 (Ermakov, Morozova, 2011) while communities of meadow succession stage to the union Cynosurion cristati Tx. 1947 order Arrhenatheretalia elatioris class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937 (Mirkin, Naumova, 2012). Five associations, two subassociations, one variants, two subvarants and one community are established within two classes (among these, two associations. one variants, two subvariants and one community are new). Community Polytrichum piliferum (Table 3, rel. 1–7). DS: Ceratodon purpureus, Cladonia subulata, C. fimbriata, Niphotrichum canescens, Polytrichum piliferum, Salix acutifolia. These are pioneer communities at the second decade stage of succession on sandy substrate. (quarry 3) with recovering Pinus sylvestris tree layer, absence of herb-dwarf shrub layer and. presence of pioneer mosses (Polytrichum piliferum, Ceratodon purpureus), algal crusts, and lichen thalli of Cladonia, Peltigera, and Stereocaulon. Number of species — 32 (13–20). Ass. Polytricho piliferi–Pinetum sylvestris ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, rel. 8–30; nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — rel. 18; Fig. 4). DS: Ceratodon purpureus, Cladonia gracilis ssp. turbinata, C. fimbriata, C. subulata, C. verticillata, Niphotrichum canescens, Peltigera malacea, Polytrichum piliferum, Salix acutifolia, Stereocaulon tomentosum. These are renewing pine forests at 3rd and 5th decades of succession with ground cover dominated by pioneer mosses and lichens in sandy quarries 3 and 6, and in the most drained habitats of sandy loam quarries 1, 2, 4 (slopes). Pine canopy density is 0.1–0.3, its height — 3–6 m. Herb-dwarf shrub layer is scarce (1– 10 %), that of moss-lichen is of 20–80 %. Number of species — 111 (27–45). Subass. Deschampsio–Agrostietum tenuis typicum Turubanova 1986. D S : Agrostis tenuis, Deschampsia cespitosa, Galium mollugo, Hieracium umbellatum, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pimpinella saxifraga, Stellaria graminea. These are communities of short meadow succesion stage at the sandy loam quarries 1, 2, 4, 8d. Unlike meadows of abandoned lands and pastures, described by L. P. Turubanova (1986) as subass. Deschampsio–Agrostietum tenuis typicum, the communities on technogenic habitats have lower abundance of meadow species and higher diversity of synanthropic and xerophylous species, as well as tree invasion. This is a reason to establish variant Calamagrostis epigeios (Table 4, Fig. 5) within the subass. typicum. Its DS: Betula pendula/pubescens, Calamagrostis epigeios, Ceratodon purpureus, Chamaenerion angustifolium, Erigeron acris, Pinus sylvestris, Tussilago farfara. Multispecies herb layer is mainly formed by meadow species and weeds (20–80 %). PC of moss layer — 1–50 %. Number of species — 103 (30–41). Duration of meadow stage is responsible for differences between subvariants Amoria hybrida and Trifolium medium. Ass. Polytricho juniperini–Pinetum sylvestris ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 5, nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — rel. 9; Fig. 6). D S : Agrostis tenuis, Amoria repens, Brachythecium salebrosum, Orthilia secunda, Peltigera didactyla, Polytrichum juniperinum, Pyrola media, Trifolium medium, Vicia sepium. These communities are young pine stands at the third decade of succession on sandy loam in quarries 1, 2, 4, 8d. Canopy density of pines — 0.4–0.8, height — 4–8 m. There is a lot of species typical for meadow succession stage in scarce herb layer (5–40 %). as well as an occurrence of forest dwarf shrubs, and few species indicative to ass. Linnaeo borealis–Pinetum sylvestris. Moss-lichen layer (10–60 %) is formed by pioneer species and forest mosses. Number of species — 137 (27–67). NMS-ordination (Fig. 7) and data on substrate preferences of syntaxa as well as information about the duration of recovery process is the reason to built a scheme of vegetation succession in quarries in place of reduced pine trees after the cutting of lichen and green moss pine forests (Fig. 8). Series 1. Community Polytrichum piliferum (F 4.1, N 3.5, R 3.8) → ass. Polytricho piliferi–Pinetum sylvestris (F 4.1, N 3.5, R 4.1) → ??? → subass. Cladonio arbusculae–Pinetum sylvestris typicum (F 3.8, N 2.5, R 2.4). Series 2. Subvar. Amoria hybrida var. Calamagrostis epigeios subass. Deschampsio–Agrostietum tenuis typicum (F 4.4, N 4.8, R 5.4) → subvar. Trifolium medium var. Calamagrostis epigeios subass. Deschampsio–Agrostietum tenuis typicum (F 4.7, N 4.6, R 4.9) → асс. Polytricho juniperini–Pinetum sylvestris (F 4.5, N 3.9, R 4.3) → ??? → ass. Linnaeo borealis–Pinetum sylvestris (F 4.3, N 3.1, R 2.8). Additional studies are necessary to reveal the duration of succession period and intermediate stages of transition from ass. Polytricho piliferi–Pinetum sylvestris and Polytricho juniperini–Pinetum sylvestris to ass. Cladonio arbusculae–Pinetum sylvestris and Linnaeo borealis–Pinetum sylvestris. Thus, the restoration of lichen pine forests of subass. Cladonio arbusculae–Pinetum sylvestris typicum at sandy quarries passes through the stage of pine forests of ass. Polytricho piliferi–Pinetum sylvestris, which is preceded by pioneer vegetation of сommunity Polytrichum piliferum. The restoration of green moss pine forests (ass. Linnaeo borealis–Pinetum sylvestris) at sandy loam quarries passes through the stage of young pine stands (ass. Polytricho juniperini–Pinetum sylvestris), which is preceded by meadows of subvariantas Amoria hybrida and Trifolium medium var. Calamagrostis epigeios subass. Deschampsio–Agrostietum tenuis typicum.

scholarly journals CRITERIA OF SEEDLING COLONIZATION IN SIBERIAN STONE PINE FORESTS IN TOMSK OBLAST

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Pats ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Tomsk Oblast ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
Siberian Stone Pine ◽  
Siberian Stone ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pine Stands

The current state of reforestation of Siberian stone pine stands in the near-village Siberian stone pine forests in Tomsk Oblast is given by criteria of dark coniferous seedling colonization. Structure of the natural regeneration is very diverse and quite specific.

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