scholarly journals DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL SOLAR FOOD DEHYDRATOR FOR ROOT CROPS AND VEGETABLES DRYING

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
A.S Oyerinde ◽  
◽  
J.I Braimah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Storage

In the majority of African countries, agriculture represents the most important part of the economy. However, national food production still doesn't meet the requirements of the population. The decrease in food production caused by crop-failures, significant seasonal fluctuations, lack of appropriate and affordable preservation and storage systems can be resolved by way of drying. Locally, crop drying has been accomplished by burning wood and fossil fuels in ovens or outdoors drying under screened sunlight. These methods, however, have their shortcomings. The previous is expensive and not environmental friendly and the latter is vulnerable to the variability and unpredictability of the weather. This paper discusses the development of a hybrid solar food dehydrator using locally available materials like plywood, wire mesh, and a glass, to supply an honest method for food preservation that maintains a high level of flavor and nutrients, at the same time providing a convenient, compact, easy-to-store supply of Agricultural produce at a far lesser cost.

scholarly journals Smart Energy Systems: Guidelines for Modelling and Optimizing a Fleet of Units of Different Configurations

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Rech
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Smart Energy Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Polluting Emissions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Units

The need to reduce fossil fuels consumption and polluting emissions pushes towards the search of systems that combine traditional and renewable energy conversion units efficiently. The design and management of such systems are not easy tasks because of the high level of integration between energy conversion units of different types and the need of storage units to match the availability of renewables with users’ requirements properly. This paper summarizes the basic theoretical and practical concepts that are required to simulate and optimize the design and operation of fleet of energy units of different configurations. In particular, the paper presents variables and equations that are required to simulate the dynamic behavior of the system, the operational constraints that allow each unit to operate correctly, and a suitable objective function based on economic profit. A general Combined Heat-and-Power (CHP) fleet of units is taken as an example to show how to build the dynamic model and formulate the optimization problem. The goal is to provide a “recipe” to choose the number, type, and interconnection of energy conversion and storage units that are able to exploit the available sources to fulfill the users’ demands in an optimal, and therefore “smart”, way.

Food transport in the 1980s

1975 ◽  
Vol 191 (1102) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
World Population ◽  
New Markets ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
Food Transport ◽  
And Storage

Changes in the transportation environment along with advancements in the technology of food production could have rather major impact on the nature of food movements and storage world-wide by the1980s. Changes in world population growth is, of course, a major factor. However, technology alone will bring about many changes. Faster, more reliable and more economical transportation will allow us to exploit growing regions that are currently unused and new technology applied to pro­cessing and food preservation will allow new markets to be exploited in ways that are currently unfeasible.

Innovations in Food Production - Status and Directions of Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Barbara Grzybowska
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
New Products ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Storage

This paper characterises the directions of innovative activities undertaken by food industry enterprises concerning the manufacturing of food products. Based on the subject literature and secondary statistical data, the status of food industry innovativeness and areas of innovative activities related to implementation of technological and non-technological innovations are presented. The activities of enterprises focus on manufacturing new products in response to the ever-changing needs and expectations of consumers. In particular, the production of so-called functional food (which seeks to promote health, minimise the risk of specific diseases, improve psychophysical fitness, lose weight, etc.) is increasingly extensive. Manufacturers must also improve the technologies and techniques of product manufacturing, packaging and storage. 

scholarly journals The Influence Mechanism of Temperature and Storage Period on Polarization Properties of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride–Trifluoroethylene) Ultrathin Films

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Xingjia Li ◽  
Zhi Shi ◽  
Xiuli Zhang ◽  
Xiangjian Meng ◽  
Zhiqiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrathin Films ◽  
Remanent Polarization ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Testing Temperature ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Storage

The effect of testing temperature and storage period on the polarization fatigue properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF–TrFE)) ultrathin film devices were investigated. The experimental results show that, even after stored in air for 150 days, the relative remanent polarization (Pr/Pr(0)) of P(VDF–TrFE) of ultrathin films can keep at a relatively high level of 0.80 at 25 °C and 0.70 at 60 °C. To account for this result, a hydrogen fluoride (HF) formation inhibition mechanism was proposed, which correlated the testing temperature and the storage period with the microstructure of P(VDF–TrFE) molecular chain. Moreover, a theoretical model was constructed to describe the polarization fatigue evolution of P(VDF–TrFE) samples.

scholarly journals Edible Energy Production and Energy Return on Investment—Long-Term Analysis of Global Changes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Bajan ◽  
Joanna Łukasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda ◽  
Walenty Poczta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Energy Return On Investment

The projected increase in the world’s population requires an increase in the production of edible energy that would meet the associated increased demand for food. However, food production is strongly dependent on the use of energy, mainly from fossil fuels, the extraction of which requires increasing input due to the depletion of the most easily accessible deposits. According to numerous estimations, the world’s energy production will be dependent on fossil fuels at least to 2050. Therefore, it is vital to increase the energy efficiency of production, including food production. One method to measure energy efficiency is the energy return on investment (EROI), which is the ratio of the amount of energy produced to the amount of energy consumed in the production process. The literature lacks comparable EROI calculations concerning global food production and the existing studies only include crop production. The aim of this study was to calculate the EROI of edible crop and animal production in the long term worldwide and to indicate the relationships resulting from its changes. The research takes into account edible crop and animal production in agriculture and the direct consumption of fossil fuels and electricity. The analysis showed that although the most underdeveloped regions have the highest EROI, the production of edible energy there is usually insufficient to meet the food needs of the population. On the other hand, the lowest EROI was observed in highly developed regions, where production ensures food self-sufficiency. However, the changes that have taken place in Europe since the 1990s indicate an opportunity to simultaneously reduce the direct use of energy in agriculture and increase the production of edible energy, thus improving the EROI.

scholarly journals Use of Families of Euphorbiaceae for the Production of Biodiesel in Semiarid Areas

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Noé Anes García ◽  
Antonio Luis Marqués Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Semiarid Areas ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Improved Characteristics ◽  
Made In

In recent years, developments made to reduce the consequences generated using petroleum products have been strengthening; therefore, biofuels have become a requirement in different countries worldwide with the objective of reducing not only the high levels of current pollution, but also mitigating the effects generated by global warming. Despite the advances that have been made in the field of research on Jatropha, it is still necessary to carry out more detailed studies aimed at achieving a better use of it, identifying the influence of its physical–chemical properties in terms of quality levels, as well as determining its behavior when mixed with palm oil to achieve a biodiesel with better yields, whose impact will be reflected mainly in the environmental field, helping to mitigate the production of greenhouse gases that are produced by petroleum products. Although currently the biofuels sector has made important advances in research, it is necessary to deepen the physical–chemical analyses both in the production and storage processes of biodiesel, so that in the future it can be fully fulfilled with the energy requirements that are currently only achieved with fossil fuels, so it is necessary to direct this research toward the development of new products with improved characteristics, especially when exposed to prolonged storage times and low temperatures.

Preferences of farmed silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) for four different floor types

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Harri ◽  
J. Mononen ◽  
J. Sepponen
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Active Time ◽  
Coated Wire ◽  
Dry Wood ◽  
High Level ◽  
Resting Period ◽  
Floor Material

Farmed silver foxes were allowed to choose between four standard farm cages, each of which was equipped with a different floor material: plastic-coated wire mesh (WM); dry wood (DW); dry sand (DS); and wet wood (WW) or icy sand (IS). Six males and six females were placed in the test environment singly in winter; and the same individuals, again in spring. The use of the different floors was videorecorded and analysed from the tapes for active periods and resting period on 5 or 6 d. Resting consisted of 14–20 separate bouts d−1, occupying 58–62% of the total 24 h. In winter, the active periods of the animal’s day were spent as follows: DW (34%) = DS (33%) > IS (17%) = WM (15%). The resting periods were spent as follows: DW (59%) > WM (26%) = DS (15%) > IS (1%). In spring, the order of active time was DS (36%) > DW (25%) = WW (24%) > WM (15%) and of resting time was DW (51%) > WM (19%) = WW (16%) = DS (15%). Different individuals preferred different floors, leading to large variance in the group means. This high variation may suggest a low level of priority in general but a high level of priority within individuals. Although solid floors were highly preferred when dry, they were least preferred when wet or icy. Key words: Preference test, wire-mesh floor, solid floor, wet floor, resting place, Vulpes vulpes

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Circulating DENV-2 During Outbreak in Northern Senegal, Rosso 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idrissa Dieng ◽  
Mignane Ndiaye ◽  
Marie Henriette Ndione ◽  
Safietou Sankhe ◽  
Moussa Moïse Diagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Infection ◽  
West African ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
The North ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level

Globally 390 millions of people are at risk of dengue infection; over the past 50 years the virus incidence increased thirty-fold. In Senegal, an unprecedented occurrence of outbreaks and sporadic cases was noticed since 2017. In October 2018 an outbreak of DENV-2 was reported in Rosso area in the north of Senegal at the border with Mauritania. Out of the 187 blood specimen samples collected, 27 were positives by qRT-PCR and 8 were serologically positive for DENV IgM. Serotyping using qRT-PCR reveals that isolates were positive for DENV-2. A subset of DENV-2 positives samples was selected and subjected to full genome sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of 06 nearly completed genome sequences (n= 6) revealed that isolates belong to the cosmopolitan genotype and are closely related to the Mauritanian strains detected between 2017 and 2018 and those detected in many West African countries such as Burkina Faso or Cote d’Ivoire. Our results suggest a transboundary circulation of the DENV-2 cosmopolitan genotype between Senegal and Mauritania and call for a need of coordinated surveillance of arboviruses between these two countries. Interestingly, high level of homology between West African isolates highlights endemicity and call for a set-up of sub-regional viral genomic surveillance which will lead to a better understanding of viral dynamic, transmission and spread across Africa.

scholarly journals AutoCAD Civil 3D 2010 with Hydraflow Extension

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina GRIGORE ◽  
Severin CAZANESCU ◽  
Raluca Alexandra CAZANESCU
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Droughts And Floods ◽  
Drinkable Water ◽  
High Level ◽  
Short Time

In our days, communities have to face high level of water and food consumption based on uncertain supplies and growing demands. Thus, they work to prevent floods, soil erosion, to supply fresh water for population, industry and irrigation and to redirect streams and rivers in order to increase the food production. On the other hand, climate changes increased the frequency of extreme events like droughts and floods, and water management became a matter of great concern, in order to protect and preserve fertile land and drinkable water resources. Powerful software are needed to help environmental specialists to develop reliable projects for sustainable land development, in a short time. In the present paper, we will briefly present AutoCAD Civil 3D 2010, the most powerful software application released by Autodesk Inc., a short time ago. Using AutoCAD Civil 3D 2010 components together with new set of extensions, named Hydraflow Extension, land development specialists can deal with a large variety of hydrologic and hydraulic aspects, such as delineating watersheds and drainage areas and computing time of concentration and other rainfall-runoff relationship for the designated basins.

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