scholarly journals Measures to reduce the downtime of a transit wagon with processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Grishkova
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Marshalling Yard ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Positive Effect

The program for the development of marshalling yards until 2025 assumes the concentration of car traffic processing at large, technically well-equipped marshalling yards. Measures to reduce the downtime of transit cars with processing at the marshalling yard A, aimed at identifying and reducing costs when driving freight trains of increased weight and length on the section A–I1, are relevant from a practical point of view.One way to reduce the cost of driving freight trains of increased weight and length is to avoid forming 9,000-ton trains. Station A forms trains of increased mass and length, measuring 8000 tons and 9000 tons. This technology has a certain positive effect — an increase in the average weight of the train by 25.5 tons, reducing the need for locomotives and locomotive crews, increasing the carrying capacity of the section, unloading the tracks of the receiving and sending fleet. Also, this technology entails a certain number of difficulties in operation, such as certain requirements for the equipment of locomotives and the use of only three-section locomotives for trains weighing 9,000 tons. This raises the question of the feasibility of driving trains weighing 9,000 tons. 

DURATION OF ACARICIDAL ACTION OF THE DRUG «KENEM» AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF CATTLE FROM IXODIC MITES

Habarshy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
A.B. Myrzhiyeva ◽  
M.Zh Suleimenov ◽  
Uslu Ugur ◽  
A.S. Ibazhanova ◽  
L.O Zhanteliyeva L.O
Keyword(s):  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Acaricidal Efficacy ◽  
Economic Justification ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Similar Drug ◽  
The Cost

The scientific article presents the duration of acaricidal effect of «Kenem» drug, and its economic feasibility for protecting cattle against ixodic ticks. As a result of the study, the acaricidal efficacy and the duration of the residual acaricidal effect of drugs are important components in the planning of anti-tick measures. From a practical point of view, the economic feasibility of treating cattle against ixodic ticks in the presented conditions of acaricides in the southern regions is considered important. Despite the fact that the cost of the drug per 100 head exceeds the cost of a similar drug by 1 788.15 tenge, the frequency of its use is less, and additional installations are not required. This is due to the long duration of residual acaricidal effect of Kenem, which is 30 days, which allows to reduce the number of therapeutic measures.When calculating the economic feasibility for the use of acaricides to protect cattle against ixodic ticks, the most convenient way to prevent the sucking of ixodic ticks to animals is the local application of Kenem, which does not require special equipment and special skills of technical staff. Drug duration is 30 days, therefore the cost of its use for the entire season of active ticks per 1 animal is 44% cheaper, compared to veteran, i.e. 1,421.4 tenge.

scholarly journals Beating Standard Quantum Limit with Weak Measurement

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Geng Chen ◽  
Peng Yin ◽  
Wen-Hao Zhang ◽  
Gong-Chu Li ◽  
Chuan-Feng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weak Measurement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quantum Limit ◽  
Weak Measurements ◽  
Standard Quantum ◽  
Standard Quantum Limit ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Positive Effect

Weak measurements have been under intensive investigation in both experiment and theory. Numerous experiments have indicated that the amplified meter shift is produced by the post-selection, yielding an improved precision compared to conventional methods. However, this amplification effect comes at the cost of a reduced rate of acquiring data, which leads to an increasing uncertainty to determine the level of meter shift. From this point of view, a number of theoretical works have suggested that weak measurements cannot improve the precision, or even damage the metrology information due to the post-selection. In this review, we give a comprehensive analysis of the weak measurements to justify their positive effect on prompting measurement precision. As a further step, we introduce two modified weak measurement protocols to boost the precision beyond the standard quantum limit. Compared to previous works beating the standard quantum limit, these protocols are free of using entangled or squeezed states. The achieved precision outperforms that of the conventional method by two orders of magnitude and attains a practical Heisenberg scaling up to n=106 photons.

scholarly journals Construction project budgeting including time buffers and costs

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Połoński
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Continuous Curve ◽  
Cost Estimating ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Applied Method ◽  
Entire Object ◽  
The Cost

The proposed method presented in this article concerns cost estimating of projects, including contingency. It points to the possibility of application of time buffers for this purpose. From the practical point of view, the enhanced calculation at the planning stage of works, taking into account cost contingency, is important and meets the expectations of owners, who tend to exceed the planned costs of investment without considering reserve costs. The implementation of the calculation is relatively simple, and basically requires one person to be acquainted with the planned costs of particular tasks, even in a deterministic way. This article presents the assumptions of the proposed method and a calculation example involving a real construction object. Depending on the data available to the planner, the results are presented concerning the calculations of the amount of cost contingency of the entire project by way of seven variants of calculation. With reference to the provided example, depending on the applied method, the increase of the cost of the entire undertaking ranges from 21-36 % of the costs of the entire project. The highest contingency costs were obtained by using the risk analysis method (35-36 %). Other methods gave consistent results within the range of 21-26% of the costs of the entire object. In the conclusion, a continuous curve is shown depicting an increase of costs during the planned works.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY FOR TRANSPORTATION FLEET STRUCTURE FORMATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Lebid ◽  
Tetyana Anufriyeva ◽  
Luzhanska Nataliia
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Compliance Coefficient ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

The paper proposes a methodology for transportation fleet structure formation based on the determination of the standard size fleet by carrying capacity using the criterion of the cost of transportation of 1 ton of cargo, which will be expedient if the number of shipments per day exceeds three times the estimated number of the model range of cars. At a lower intensity of daily shipments, it is necessary to form a standard size range of a vehicle fleet on the basis of a repetition of independent tests. The paper proposes a method of forming the structure of the fleet of vehicles based on determining the size of the fleet using the criterion of the cost of transportation of 1 ton of cargo, which is appropriate if the number of shipments per day exceeds three times the estimated number of cars. With a lower intensity of daily shipments, it is necessary to form a standard size range of the fleet on the basis of repeating independent tests.It has been established that the value of the coefficient of static use of the vehicle's carrying capacity is influenced by the number of intervals for dividing the series of carrying capacity, their length and uniformity, as well as the distribution law of the random value of the item. Violation of the uniformity of the intervals of the series of the carrying capacity of the car, the value of the coefficient can deviate from the average to 6.2% An increase in the number of intervals in a number of carrying capacities of vehicles from 2 to 3 contributes to a rapid increase in the coordination of the density of distribution of the batch volume and shipment to the structure of the vehicle fleet in terms of carrying capacity and is characterized by an increase in the coefficient of compliance on average from 0.65 to 0.75. An increase in the range of carrying capacity up to interval 5 increases the value of the compliance coefficient to 0.8, a further increase in the intervals causes an inversely proportional increase in the compliance coefficient. An increase in the number of car models from 1 to 3 causes a decrease in the cost of transportation in the range of 8% - 11.3%, depending on the degree of use of the vehicle fleet. Further expansion of the model range to 7 units practically does not affect the cost of transportation, and then its growth is observed due to an increase in the duration of downtime while waiting for the proper consignment. It was revealed that an increase in the average weight of a shipment by 2.3 times causes a decrease in the cost of transportation 1.79 times, and with this decrease in the weight of a shipment, an increase in the intensity of growth in the cost of transportation is observed.

Evaluation Of The Functional Of Space-Planning Arrangement Of A Building

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
The Cost

The article focuses on the problem of the lack of objective evaluation of space-planning arrangement of buildings as a creative approach of the architect to the performing of functional tasks by the object. It is proposed to create a methodology for assessing the functional of space-planning solutions of buildings on the basis of numerical simulation of functional processes using the theory of human flows. There is a description of the prospects of using this method, which makes it possible to increase the coefficient of compactness, materials and works saving, more efficient use of space, reduce the cost of the life cycle of the building, save human forces and time to implement the functional of the building. The necessary initial data for modeling on the example of shopping and shopping-entertainment centers are considered. There are three main tasks for algorithmization of the functional of shopping centers. The conclusion is made about necessity of development of a method for objective assessment of buildings from the point of view of ergonomics of space-planning decisions based on the study of human behavior in buildings of different purposes.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF A MECHANISM FOR STATE REGULATION OF SOCIAL GUARANTEES IN THE REGION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Lobas ◽  
◽  
Elena Petryaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Cost

The article deals with modern mechanisms for managing social protection of the population by the state and the private sector. From the point of view of forms of state regulation of the sphere of social protection, system indicators usually include the state and dynamics of growth in the standard of living of the population, material goods, services and social guarantees for the poorly provided segments of the population. The main indicator among the above is the state of the consumer market, as one of the main factors in the development of the state. Priority areas of public administration with the use of various forms of social security have been identified. It should be emphasized that, despite the legislative conflicts that exist today in Ukraine, mandatory indexation of the cost of living is established, which is associated with inflation. Various scientists note that although the definition of the cost of living index has a well-established methodology, there are quite a lot of regional features in the structure of consumption. All this is due to restrictions that are included in the consumer basket of goods and different levels of socio-economic development of regions. The analysis of the establishment and periodic review of the minimum consumer budgets of the subsistence minimum and wages of the working population and the need to form state insurance funds for unforeseen circumstances is carried out. Considering in this context the levers of state management of social guarantees of the population, we drew attention to the crisis periods that are associated with the market transformation of the regional economy. In these conditions, there is a need to develop and implement new mechanisms and clusters in the system of socio-economic relations. The components of the mechanisms ofstate regulation ofsocial guarantees of the population are proposed. The deepening of market relations in the process of reforming the system of social protection of the population should be aimed at social well-being.

Tertiary Nitrification Pilot Plants on Parisian Waste Water

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Paffoni ◽  
B. Védry ◽  
M. Gousailles
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Daily Output ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

The Paris Metropolitan area, which contains over eight million inhabitants, has a daily output of about 3 M cu.meters of wastewater, the purification of which is achieved by SIAAP (Paris Metropolitan Area Sewage Service) in both Achères and Valenton plants. The carbon pollution is eliminated from over 2 M cu.m/day at Achères. In order to improve the quality of output water, its tertiary nitrification in fixed-bed reactors has been contemplated. The BIOFOR (Degremont) and BIOCARBONE (OTV) processes could be tested in semi-industrial pilot reactors at the CRITER research center of SIAAP. At a reference temperature of 13°C, the removed load is approximately 0.5 kg N NH4/m3.day. From a practical point of view, it may be asserted that in such operating conditions as should be at the Achères plant, one cubic meter of filter can handle the tertiary nitification of one cubic meter of purified water per hour at an effluent temperature of 13°C.

scholarly journals On the Design of Outdoor Leader-Follower UAV-Formation Controllers from a Practical Point of View

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Lucas Vago Santana ◽  
Alexandre Santos Brandao ◽  
Mario Sarcinelli-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Point

scholarly journals Inclusionary Housing: An Evaluation of a New Public Rental Housing Governance Instrument in China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Juan Yan ◽  
Marietta Haffner ◽  
Marja Elsinga
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Inclusionary Housing ◽  
The Cost

Inclusionary housing (IH) is a regulatory instrument adopted by local governments in many countries to produce affordable housing by capturing resources created through the marketplace. In order to assess whether it is efficient, scholarly attention has been widely focused on its evaluation. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating IH from a governance perspective. Since IH is about involving private actors in affordable housing production, the governance point of view of cooperating governmental and non-governmental actors governing society to achieve societal goals is highly relevant. The two most important elements of governance—actors and interrelationships among these actors—are taken to build an analytical framework to explore and evaluate the governance of IH. Based on a research approach that combines a literature review and a case study of China, this paper concludes that the ineffective governance of Chinese IH is based on three challenges: (1) The distribution of costs and benefits across actors is unequal since private developers bear the cost, but do not enjoy the increments of land value; (2) there is no sufficient compensation for developers to offset the cost; and (3) there is no room for negotiations for flexibility in a declining market. Given that IH is favored in many Chinese cities, this paper offers the policy implications: local governments should bear more costs of IH, rethink their relations with developers, provide flexible compliance options for developers, and perform differently in a flourishing housing market and a declining housing market.

scholarly journals Determinants of Corporate Anti-Corruption Disclosure: The Case of the Emerging Economics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3462
Author(s):  
Maider Aldaz Odriozola ◽  
Igor Álvarez Etxeberria
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Positive Effect

Corruption is a key factor that affects countries’ development, with emerging countries being a geographical area in which it tends to generate greater negative effects. However, few empirical studies analyze corruption from the point of view of disclosure by companies in this relevant geographical area. Based on a regression analysis using data from the 96 large companies from 15 emerging countries included in the 2016 International Transparency Report, this paper seeks to understand what determinants affect such disclosure. In that context, this paper provides empirical evidence to understand the factors that influence reporting on anti-corruption mechanisms in an area of high economic importance that has been little studied to date, pointing to the positive effect of press freedom in a country where the company is located and with the industry being the unique control variable that strengthens this relationship.

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