scholarly journals Degradation of glaciation of the Kazbek-Dzhimarai mountain cluster and individual glaciers in the river basins Urukh, Ardon, Fiagdon, Gizeldon and Genaldon (territory of North Ossetia- Alania)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Н. Дробышев ◽  
Д.И. Тебиева ◽  
Х.М. Хубаев ◽  
Х.З. Торчинов
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Mountain Glaciation ◽  
Good Agreement

Работа направлена на исследование темпов деградации оледенения Центрального Кавказа в пределах Горной Осетии с охватом юго-восточных склонов Казбеко-Джимарайского мас- сива на территории Грузии. Основным методом был выбран сравнительный анализ площадей оле- денения, отображенных на государственных топографических картах М 1 : 50 000, выполненных на основе аэрофотосъемки 1957 года и дешифрированных площадях оледенения на космических сним- ках GOOGL 2020 года для той же территории. В процессе работы были применены математиче- ские приемы, позволившие оценку масштабов деградации площади дневной поверхности отдельных ледово-фирновых образований сопровождать оценкой их объемов и средних мощностей. Полученные результаты для территории Горной Осетии хорошо согласуются с результатами проведения ана- логичных работ на других локальных площадях, как на территории России, так и за рубежом, что свидетельствует о глобальности распространения процесса распада горного оледенения, обуслов- ленном потеплением климата планеты. The work is aimed at studying the rate of degradation of glaciation in the Central Caucasus within Mountain Ossetia, covering the southeastern slopes of the Kazbek-Dzhimarai massif on the territory of Georgia. The main method was a comparative analysis of glacier areas displayed on state topographic maps M 1: 50,000, made on the basis of aerial photography in 1957 and decoded glaciation areas on space images of GOOGL 2020 for the same territory. In the course of the work, mathematical methods were applied that allowed the assessment of the scale of degradation of the day surface area of individual ice-fi rn formations to be accompanied by an assessment of their volumes and average thicknesses. The results obtained for the territory of Mountain Ossetia are in good agreement with the results of similar work in other local areas, both in Russia and abroad, which indicates the globality of the spread of the decay of mountain glaciation caused by the warming of the planet's climate.

scholarly journals Contemporary changes in the area of glaciers in the western part of the Nordenskjold Land (Svalbard)

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Chernov ◽  
A. Ya. Muraviev
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Snow Line ◽  
Area Te ◽  
Mountain Glaciation

Climate warming in Svalbard, starting in the 1920s, caused a signifcant reduction in the mountain glaciation of the Nordenskjold Land. Te most extensive changes took place in the Western part of this territory due to the influence of the warm Spitsbergen current creating here the high temperature background. In addition, due to elevation of the level of the climatic snow line, many glaciers have actually lost the area of accumulation. From 1936 to 2017, the area of glaciers in the Western part of this region decreased by 169.5 km2 or 49.5%. Large valley glaciers and numerous small glaciers have lost the greatest area. Te relative losses of the area of glaciers were revealed to be proportional to sizes of them. In average over the past 80 years, glaciers with areas smaller 0.5 km² reduced by 76%, while big glaciers with areas larger 5 km2 – by only 34%. At present, there are 152 glaciers with a total area of 172.73±9.31 km2 in the Western territory of the Land of Nordenskjold (West of the Bolterdalen valley). According to the aerial photography of 2008–2009, the total area of glaciation of the Land of Nordenskjold covers 428 km2. High present-day rates of the retreating of local glaciers are apparently caused by extreme thinning of glacial tongues. At the same time, shrinking of glaciers located in the West of the Peninsula turned out to be more intensive than that of glaciers in its center. Although the Eastern territories receive less precipitation than glaciers near the coast of the Greenland Sea, the Eastern glaciers were found to be more resistant to reduction due to higher locations of them.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT RESULTS FROM SFM-BASED SOFTWARE FOR MAPPING PURPOSES

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-2 ◽  
pp. 623-628
Author(s):  
Y. A. Lumban-Gaol ◽  
A. Murtiyoso ◽  
B. H. Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bundle Adjustment ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
Erdas Imagine

Since its first inception, aerial photography has been used for topographic mapping. Large-scale aerial photography contributed to the creation of many of the topographic maps around the world. In Indonesia, a 2013 government directive on spatial management has re-stressed the need for topographic maps, with aerial photogrammetry providing the main method of acquisition. However, the large need to generate such maps is often limited by budgetary reasons. Today, SfM (Structure-from-Motion) offers quicker and less expensive solutions to this problem. However, considering the required precision for topographic missions, these solutions need to be assessed to see if they provide enough level of accuracy. In this paper, a popular SfM-based software Agisoft PhotoScan is used to perform bundle adjustment on a set of large-scale aerial images. The aim of the paper is to compare its bundle adjustment results with those generated by more classical photogrammetric software, namely Trimble Inpho and ERDAS IMAGINE. Furthermore, in order to provide more bundle adjustment statistics to be compared, the Damped Bundle Adjustment Toolbox (DBAT) was also used to reprocess the PhotoScan project. Results show that PhotoScan results are less stable than those generated by the two photogrammetric software programmes. This translates to lower accuracy, which may impact the final photogrammetric product.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 444-477
Author(s):  
Tetiana Shmelova ◽  
Vitalii Lazorenko ◽  
Oleksandr Burlaka
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Area Monitoring ◽  
The City ◽  
Navigation Information ◽  
Estimation Of Risk

In this chapter, the authors are presenting opportunities for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in town. Methods for the optimization of flight routes of UAVs in the dependence of target tasks in the city are presented, for example, area monitoring; search and rescue operations; retransmission of communication (in places, where the antenna coverage cannot be set due to terrain specifications); organization of logistics as the safe, cheap, and fast transportation method of goods; for aerial photography, for controlling traffic; for the provision of the first aid to people in emergencies; unmanned taxi. It is done using air navigation information and mathematical methods. Authors suggest dynamic programming methods, GRID analyses, expert judgment method, and fuzzy-logic methods for estimation of risk/safety of flights in the city. Optimization of flows and flexible redistribution of UAV routes in multilevel airspace is provided according to air navigation requirements and standards.

scholarly journals Restoration of degraded mountain pastures of the Сentral Сaucasus by targeted sowing of seeds of perennial grasses

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 09013
Author(s):  
Eduard Soldatov ◽  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Irina Soldatova ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Main Factor

The unsystematic use of mountain pastures with overgrazing of grasses has led to a change in the ecological balance of agrolandscapes, in which 80-85% of the Central Caucasus lands have turned into a state of varying degrees of degradation. In these cases, an important measure in the restoration of degraded mountain forage lands is the sowing of perennial grasses into sparse grass and on bare soil, which increases stiffness. Therefore, the development and creation of a seeder for targeted seeding of grass mixtures in solving the problem is relevant. The authors of the article have developed a new resource-saving way to improve mountain forage lands using a modernized seeder. Tests and studies were carried out at a mountain hospital, located on the southeastern exposition of the Dargavs depression of the North Ossetia-Alania, at an altitude of 1650 m above sea level. It was found that at a concentration of 17.2 MJ of energy in 1 kg of dry matter of feed, the total collection in the control plot was 29.7 GJ, and in the seeded experimental field 85.3 GJ. At the same time, the formation of a dense sod with the accumulation of 104.2 c / ha of root mass is the main factor in the environmental sustainability of mountain agrolandscapes, ensuring environmental safety

Particle-in-cell plasma simulations of the modified two-stream instability

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (10/11) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schlegel ◽  
H. Thiemann
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Aspect Angle ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
E Region ◽  
Unstable Plasma ◽  
Stream Instability ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. We model the modified two-stream plasma instability occurring in the ionospheric E-region using a 2.5-dimensional particle-in-cell code. Compared to previous similar work we concentrate on simulated quantities that can easily be measured in the real ionosphere by coherent radars or rockets, such as the Doppler velocity, the backscattered power, backscattered spectra, aspect angle behaviour and electron temperature enhancement. Despite using a relatively small simulation model, we obtain remarkably good agreement between actual observed and simulated plasma parameters. The advantage of such a small system is that we were able to perform (other than in previous related work) many simulation runs with different sets of input parameters, thus studying the unstable plasma under various conditions.

scholarly journals Using the Priestley-Taylor expression for estimating actual evapotranspiration from satellite Landsat ETM + data

2014 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khaldi ◽  
A. Khaldi ◽  
A. Hamimed
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Classical Equation ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Agriculture Water

Abstract. The quantification of evapotranspiration from irrigated areas is important for agriculture water management, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where water deficiency is becoming a major constraint in economic welfare and sustainable development. Conventional methods that use point measurements to estimate evapotranspiration are representative only of local areas and cannot be extended to large areas because of landscape heterogeneity. Remote sensing-based energy balance models are presently most suited for estimating evapotranspiration at both field and regional scales. In this study, we aim to develop a methodology based on the triangle concept, allowing estimation of evapotranspiration through the classical equation of Priestley and Taylor (1972) where the proportional coefficient α in this equation is ranged using a linear interpolation between surface temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values. Preliminary results using remotely sensed data sets from Landsat ETM+ over the Habra Plains in west Algeria are in good agreement with ground measurements. The proposed approach appears to be more reliable and easily applicable for operational estimation of evapotranspiration over large areas.

scholarly journals Simulation of Boarding Time Prediction using M/M/C/K Queuing Model for Airport Passengers

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5863-5867
Keyword(s):  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Analytical Result ◽  
Scheduled Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Successfully executing takeoff of an aircraft as per the scheduled time is mainly depends on how effectively various queues of different security systems in the airport is managed. Recently, due to the globalization, air traffic is increasing exponentially. Number of passengers handled by airport authorities in various queues with minimum waiting time of the passenger in queues is need of the hour. Queuing theory concepts and the mathematical models already developed are used to optimize largely in airports. However the congestion in the airports is ever increasing and need computation to arrive at quick decision to handle such situations with minimum cost while not compromising the passengers comfort level. In a typical airport, starting from the entry gate to exit gate, passengers need to experience various types of queues. However the queuing system which is selected for boarding in a aircraft is most critical and aircraft operator need to address the queue properly, to takeoff the aircraft at right time. In this work boarding time is predicted using simulation method and is compared with that of mathematical methods. The simulated results are in good agreement with that of analytical result.

Kinetics of BaBr2 · 2 H2O Dehydration: Comparison between Isothermal and Non-isothermal Methods

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Flor ◽  
Amedeo Marini ◽  
Vittorio Berbenni
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Measurements ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Isothermal Tg ◽  
Thermal Lag ◽  
Dehydration Processes ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Good Agreement

For the dehydration processesBaBr2 • 2 H2O → BaBr2 • H2O + H2O (I)BaBr2 • H2O → BaBr2 + H2O (II)a comparison was made between the experimental non-isothermal ɑ vs. t curves and those calculated on the basis of a previous isothermal study.It was observed that for low heating rates, when the "thermal lag" is negligible, the dynamic measurements are in good agreement with the isothermal ones.Furthermore, for process (I), two mathematical methods proposed for the interpretation of the non-isothermal TG curves were applied and the kinetic parameters so obtained were discussed

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