scholarly journals Assessment of the seismotectonic potential of the East Caucasus blocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р.А. Магомедов ◽  
М.А. Мусаев
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The North

Восточный Кавказ является самым сейсмоактивным регионом европейской части России, в сферу повышенных сейсмических воздействий которого попадают крупные энергетические объекты Сулакского каскада ГЭС, высоковольтные линии электропередач, основные транспортные коммуникации, нефте- и газопроводы федерального и республиканского значения, аэро- и морской порты и крупные, разросшиеся города и поселки региона. Отсутствие исследований по проблеме оценки сейсмотектонической и геотектонической ситуации значительно ослабляет готовность региона к предупреждению обширных экологических и техногенных катастроф. Современные сейсмически активные зоны Восточного Кавказа в условиях позднеальпийского тектогенеза характеризуются иными геодинамическими и сейсмотектоническими условиями по сравнению с герцинской и киммерийской. Альпийский этап тектогенеза характеризуется значительным максимумом своей активизации, с которым связаны современные геодинамические и сейсмотектонические процессы и повышенная современная сейсмическая активность региона. Уровень сейсмотектонического потенциала, как сейсмического и геодинамического, является важнейшим показателем оценки степени сейсмической опасности. Цель исследования. Оценка уровня сейсмотектонического потенциала блоков земной коры северо-восточного сегмента Восточного Кавказа и выделение потенциальных зон ожидания возможных очагов сильных землетрясений региона (ВОЗ). Методы исследования. Анализ пространственно-временного распределения сейсмичности за инструментальный период наблюдений и экспертная оценка сейсмотектонического потенциала блоков земной коры по комплексу сейсмологических показателей, таких как мощность сейсмоактивного слоя, сейсмическая активность и наклон графика повторяемости землетрясений, максимальная отмеченная (наблюденная) магнитуда, период последней активизации и тектоническая активность. Результаты исследования. Закартировано в условных единицах изменение сейсмотектонического потен­циала на исследуемой территории. Составлена схема зон возможных очагов землетрясений региона. Распределение гипоцентров сильных землетрясений демонстрирует расслоенность геологической среды региона. В интервале глубин, в среднем от 33 до 42 км, выделяется так называемая «зона молчания» The Eastern Caucasus is the most seismically active region of the European part of Russia, where large energy facilities of the Sulak cascade of hydroelectric power plants, high-voltage power lines, main transport communications, oil and gas pipelines of federal and republican significance, air and sea ports and large, sprawling cities and towns of the region fall into the sphere of increased seismic impacts. The lack of research on the problem of assessing the seismotectonic and geotectonic situation can lead to undesirable environmental consequences. Modern seismically active zones of the Eastern Caucasus in the conditions of Late Alpine tectogenesis are characterized by different geodynamic and seismotectonic conditions compared to the Hercynian and Cimmerian. The Alpine stage of tectogenesis is characterized by a significant maximum of its activation, which is associated with modern geodynamic and seismotectonic processes and increased modern seismic activity of the region. The level of seismotectonic potential, both seismic and geodynamic, is the most important indicator of assessing the degree of seismic danger. Aim. Assessment of the level of the seismotectonic potential of the crustal blocks of the north-eastern segment of the Eastern Caucasus and identification of potential waiting zones for possible foci of strong earthquakes in the region (PFE). Methods. Analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of seismicity over the instrumental observation period and expert assessment of the seismotectonic potential of the Earth's crust blocks according to a set of seismological indicators, such as the power of the seismoactive layer, seismic activity and the slope of the earthquake recurrence graph, the maximum marked (observed) magnitude, the period of the last activation and tectonic activity. Results. The change in the seismotectonic potential in the studied territory is mapped in conventional units. A diagram of the zones of possible earthquake foci in the region has been compiled. The distribution of hypocenters of strong earthquakes demonstrates the stratification of the geological environment of the region. In the depth range, on average from 33 to 42 km, the so-called "zone of silence" is allocated.

PROSPECTS FOR COMBINING SOLAR PLANTS WITH STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRAULIC FACILITIES AND COMPLEXES

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
O. N. CHERNYH ◽  
◽  
A. V. BURLACHENKO ◽  
V. V. VOLSHANIK
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Station ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Optimal Arrangement ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
The North ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Dam Building

The issues of solving modern problems related to meeting the energy needs of environmental hydraulic engineering are considered. The problem of improving the methodological basis for choosing the optimal arrangement of elements of photovoltaic devices (SPEU) on the blocks of the dam building of hydroelectric power plants (HPP) of 4 main types is formulated. The graphical dependences of the estimation of the power ratio of the combined SPEU and HPP on the diameter of the turbine wheel are analyzed. As a result of the analysis of the influence of the location of the transformer on the possibility of placing the SPEU on the buildings of the hydroelectric power station, it was revealed that in order to increase the adaptability of the revitalized even large hydro system with a separate building of the hydroelectric power station, it is preferable to place power transformers from the downstream side. It is noted that according to the results of the schematic study for the medium-pressure hydroelectric complex Lagdo in the north of Cameroon, the placement of solar cells will provide an additional 6.95% of the capacity of the operating hydroelectric power station.

scholarly journals Hydroelectric resources of minor rivers in areas of compact settlement inhabited by low-numbered peoples of the north

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 05015
Author(s):  
Dmitry Nogovitsyn ◽  
Zinaida Sheina ◽  
Ludmila Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
The North ◽  
Micro Power ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Reconnaissance Surveys

The article presents the results of expeditionary reconnaissance surveys of minor rivers in the Yana basin that allowed for the first time to estimate the installed capacity of seasonal micro-hydroelectric power stations for power supply to remote isolated localities. Works on the study of the hydrological characteristics of minor rivers in the territory under consideration have not been carried out before. For the first time, reliable information about the hydrological regime of rivers was obtained. This is primarily water consumption and the longitudinal grade of watercourse being the basis for making a decision on the location, determining the capacity of micro-power plants, as well as choosing the necessary hydroelectric equipment.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of water-soluble gases in the oil and gas bearing sediments of the zone of junction between the Yenisei-Khatanga and the West Siberian basins (the Arctic regions of Siberia)

Georesursy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Dmitry Novikov ◽  
Evgeny Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Dissolved Gases ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

The results of the studies of geochemical and zoning features of water-dissolved gases in the Mesozoic sediments of the junction between the Yenisei-Khatanga and the West Siberian basins are reported. The stage of industrial oil and gas content is more than 3 km thick and involves the depth range from 750 to 4000 m. Waters occurring in the region contain methane, their total gas saturation is 0.3 to 4.6 dm3/dm3, and CH4 content in 88.9 to 95.4 vol. % on average. An increase in the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane homologues is observed with an increase in the depth, which is accompanied by a regular decrease in the concentrations of methane and nitrogen. In general, water-dissolved gases from the Neocomian and Jurassic reservoirs have similar compositions (С1 > N2 > C2 > C3 > n-C4 > i-C4 > CO2 > i-C5 > n-C5). The water-dissolved gases of the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian sediments are distinguished by lower concentrations of methane homologues (С1 > N2 > C2 > CO2 > C3 > i-C4 > n-C4 > i-C5 > n-C5), with the total content of heavy hydrocarbons (HHC) equal to 1.44 vol. %. Vertical zoning of the composition of water-dissolved gases is determined by the distribution of hydrocarbon pools in the Jurassic-Cretaceous section. A regular increase in the average values of the factor of enrichment with hydrocarbons (HC) (from 37 to 154) was established, along with a decrease in the ratio of CH4/ƩHHC (from 130 to 7), C2H6/C3H8 (from 41 to 2) and i-C4H10/n-C4H10 (from 2.6 to 0.6) from the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian reservoirs to the Jurassic ones. The zone with anomalous He concentrations within the range of 0.4–0.9 vol. % was detected in the Neocomian and Middle Jurassic sediments. This zone is localized at the north-western slope of the Messoyakh inclined ridge (the Anomalnaya, Turkovskaya, Pelyatkinskaya and Sredne-Yarovskaya areas). The nature of this anomaly needs further studies.

scholarly journals Aura OMI observations of regional SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> pollution changes from 2005 to 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 4605-4629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolay A. Krotkov ◽  
Chris A. McLinden ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Lok N. Lamsal ◽  
Edward A. Celarier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The North ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Abstract. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Aura satellite has been providing global observations of the ozone layer and key atmospheric pollutant gases, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), since October 2004. The data products from the same instrument provide consistent spatial and temporal coverage and permit the study of anthropogenic and natural emissions on local-to-global scales. In this paper, we examine changes in SO2 and NO2 over some of the world's most polluted industrialized regions during the first decade of OMI observations. In terms of regional pollution changes, we see both upward and downward trends, sometimes in opposite directions for NO2 and SO2, for different study areas. The trends are, for the most part, associated with economic and/or technological changes in energy use, as well as regional regulatory policies. Over the eastern US, both NO2 and SO2 levels decreased dramatically from 2005 to 2015, by more than 40 and 80 %, respectively, as a result of both technological improvements and stricter regulations of emissions. OMI confirmed large reductions in SO2 over eastern Europe's largest coal-fired power plants after installation of flue gas desulfurization devices. The North China Plain has the world's most severe SO2 pollution, but a decreasing trend has been observed since 2011, with about a 50 % reduction in 2012–2015, due to an economic slowdown and government efforts to restrain emissions from the power and industrial sectors. In contrast, India's SO2 and NO2 levels from coal power plants and smelters are growing at a fast pace, increasing by more than 100 and 50 %, respectively, from 2005 to 2015. Several SO2 hot spots observed over the Persian Gulf are probably related to oil and gas operations and indicate a possible underestimation of emissions from these sources in bottom-up emission inventories. Overall, OMI observations have proved valuable in documenting rapid changes in air quality over different parts of the world during last decade. The baseline established during the first 11 years of OMI is indispensable for the interpretation of air quality measurements from current and future satellite atmospheric composition missions.

scholarly journals Magnetotelluric and deep geomagnetic induction data in the Bohemian Massif

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Cerv ◽  
J. Pek ◽  
O. Praus ◽  
A. Zaja ◽  
A. Manzella
Keyword(s):  
Bohemian Massif ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Deep Fault ◽  
Geomagnetic Induction ◽  
The North ◽  
Tectonic Transition ◽  
West Bohemia ◽  
Complicated Conditions ◽  
Deep Fault Zone

Manifestations of the increased tectonic activity (seismic activity, remnants of Tertiary volcanism and riftogenesis) in the Bohemian Massif are bound to geologically extremely complicated regions with a system of discordant structures and a mosaic of fault zones. The presented results concern the deep geoelectrical features of the tectonic transition between the Saxothuringian and Moldanubian tectonoblocks on the territory of West Bohemia, in close vicinity to the German deep drilling experiment KTB (Kontinentale Tiefbohrung der BRD). Three first-order tectonic lines demarcate the region under study í the Litomerice deep fault to the north, the West Bohemian deep fault zone to the east, and the Central Bohemian fault to the south. As a whole, the region involved is characterized by a regionally increased seismic activity with the most active zone just beyond the northern end-point of the profile investigated. The contribution can be considered an example of possible interpretation of MT/MV/AMT data in geologically extremely complicated conditions with evidently discordant structures affecting the geoelectrical data.

scholarly journals KOPETDAG

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
G. Saryeva ◽  
Nataliya Petrova ◽  
L. Bezmenova
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Earthquake Swarm ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The North ◽  
Mobile Stations ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Town

In 2014, seismic monitoring in the Kopetdag region was carried out by a network of 29 seismic stations (20 stationary and nine mobile stations) of the State Seismological Service of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan (SSS ANT), which in April became part of the newly formed Institute of Seismology and Atmo-spheric Physics, ANT. In total, 225 earthquakes with KP≥8.6 were recorded during the year, and focal mechanisms for 24 events were determined. Seismic process intensification continued around the town of Magtymguly. This began in April 2012 with earthquake swarm and continued in 2012–2014 with a series of earthquakes along the borders of the mobile blocks of the earth’s crust in the north of the Iranian plate, at the zone of its contact with Eurasia. On February 13 the strongest earthquake in Turkmenistan in 2014 with KP=12.8 occurred. It was located near the place of the April 2012 swarm. In June 2014 a seriesof more than of more than 2000 earthquakes with KP=4–10 was recorded 60 km east of this earthquake. This indicates a continued seismic activity and the possibility of strong earthquakes here. In the Kopetdag region as a whole, the seismic activity A10 and the seismic energy E released for 2014 reached the background level, after lowering of these parameters noted over the past several years compared to the average annual values for the period 1993–2013.

scholarly journals Geochemical Characteristics of Soil Gas and Strong Seismic Hazard Potential in the Liupanshan Fault Zone (LPSFZ)

Geofluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Huiling Zhou ◽  
Hejun Su ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Chenhua Li ◽  
Dongzheng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Soil Gas ◽  
Seismic Gap ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Hazard Potential ◽  
The North ◽  
Soil Gas Radon ◽  
Northern Segment

Eight soil gas measurements were performed in the Liupanshan fault zone (LPSFZ) to observe the concentration and flux of soil gas radon (Rn) and CO2 in October 2017 and October 2018. By combining the historical strong earthquake background and modern seismic activity of the fault zone, the relation between the geochemical distribution characteristics of soil gas and the seismicity of the fault zone was studied herein. Furthermore, the strong seismic hazard potential of the fault zone was discussed. Results show that the concentration of soil gas Rn and CO2 considerably varies in the northern segment of the LPSFZ and is relatively stable in the southern segment. The spatial distribution of the concentration intensity and flux is strong in the north and weak in the south. However, the southern segment of the LPSFZ has a seismic gap that has not been ruptured by strong earthquakes with Ms ≥ 6.5 for the last 1400 years, whereas the seismic activity in the northern segment is relatively frequent, indicating that the fault zone locking degree of the southern segment is higher than that of the northern segment. This observation is completely consistent with the geochemical characteristic distribution of soil gas. Therefore, the southern segment of the LPSFZ should be considered a hazardous segment, where major or strong earthquakes can occur in the future.

Shale, Quakes, and High Stakes: Regulating Fracking-Induced Seismicity in Oklahoma, USA and Lancashire, UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Miriam R. Aczel ◽  
Karen E. Makuch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Induced Seismic Activity

High-volume hydraulic fracturing combined with horizontal drilling has “revolutionized” the United States’ oil and gas industry by allowing extraction of previously inaccessible oil and gas trapped in shale rock [1]. Although the United States has extracted shale gas in different states for several decades, the United Kingdom is in the early stages of developing its domestic shale gas resources, in the hopes of replicating the United States’ commercial success with the technologies [2, 3]. However, the extraction of shale gas using hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling poses potential risks to the environment and natural resources, human health, and communities and local livelihoods. Risks include contamination of water resources, air pollution, and induced seismic activity near shale gas operation sites. This paper examines the regulation of potential induced seismic activity in Oklahoma, USA, and Lancashire, UK, and concludes with recommendations for strengthening these protections.

Geothermal condition and outlook for oil and gas deposits in the north-west Black Sea shelf

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 206-208
Author(s):  
V.G. Osadchyi ◽  
◽  
O.A. Prykhod'ko ◽  
I.I. Hrytsyk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Black Sea

PROSPECTS OF OBTAINING ALTERNATIVE FUEL FROM VARIOUS BIOMASS AND WASTE SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
O. M. Salamov ◽  
F. F. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

The paper discusses the possibility of obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels from different types of biomass (BM) and combustible solid waste (CSW) of various origins. The available world reserves of traditional types of fuel are analyzed and a number of environmental shortcomings that created during their use are indicated. The tables present the data on the conditional calorific value (CCV) of the main traditional and alternative types of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels which compared with CCV of various types of BM and CSW. Possible methods for utilization of BM and CSW are analyzed, as well as the methods for converting them into alternative types of fuel, especially into combustible gases.Reliable information is given on the available oil and gas reserves in Azerbaijan. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the currently available oil reserves of Azerbaijan can completely dry out after 33.5 years, and gas reserves–after 117 years, without taking into account the growth rates of the exported part of these fuels to European countries. In order to fix this situation, first of all it is necessary to use as much as possible alternative and renewable energy sources, especially wind power plants (WPP) and solar photovoltaic energy sources (SFES) in the energy sector of the republic. Azerbaijan has large reserves of solar and wind energy. In addition, all regions of the country have large reserves of BM, and in the big cities, especially in industrial ones, there are CSW from which through pyrolysis and gasification is possible to obtain a high-quality combustible gas mixture, comprising: H2 + CO + CH4, with the least amount of harmful waste. The remains of the reaction of thermochemical decomposition of BM and CSW to combustible gases can also be used as mineral fertilizers in agriculture. The available and projected resources of Azerbaijan for the BM and the CSW are given, as well as their assumed energy intensity in the energy sector of the republic.Given the high energy intensity of the pyrolysis and gasification of the BM and CSW, at the present time for carrying out these reactions, the high-temperature solar installations with limited power are used as energy sources, and further preference is given to the use of WPP and SFES on industrial scale.

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