Simulation of debris flows in the watershed of the Putih River, Indonesia using SIMLAR 2.1

In 2010, the eruption of Mount Merapi produced a huge volcanic material for debris flows. One area affected by the debris flows is the watershed of Putih River. To predict the impact caused by debris flows can be done by using software such as the Simulation Lahar (SIMLAR) 2.1. In this paper, debris flow modelling will be carried out using SIMLAR 2.1 in conditions without sabo dams and using sabo dams. This simulation aims to determine the effectiveness of the sabo dams in reducing the impact of debris flows. The data used are rainfall data, DEM and sediment data in Putih River. The results show that the sabo dam building can slow down the velocity of debris flow. In addition, sabo dams also function as a barrier to riverbed erosion in the Putih River watershed. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that SIMLAR 2.1 can predict the impact of debris flows in the Putih River watershed.

Perencanaan Pembangunan

Abstarct.Ambon city, which mostly consists of hilly areas, is an area that is very highly susceptible to the occurrence of debris mass movements, both in the form of debris flows and landslides (debris flows, erosions, and slope failures). In the city of Ambon, rivers are passed such as Way Ruhu, Way Batu Merah, Way Tantui, Way Tomu, Way Batu Gajah and Way Batu Hang. The purpose of this paper is to plan the check dam building for Way Batu Merah – Ambon City. The method used is Hydrological Analysis: hydrology as the basis for planning the Q25 Check Dam Building, which consists of rainfall analysis and the basis for calculating the planned discharge used in planning, using the Sabo Technical Center method. From the calculation results, it is obtained that the planned Q25 flood discharge of the Way Batu Merah River is 516.43 m / year with a return period of 25 years, the sediment volume can be accommodated 22,102 m / year and controlled by the Check Dam 56,050 m / year, then with a sediment discharge of 60,685 m³ / year . By comparing the amount of sediment that enters the Check Dam with the capacity of the Check Dam, it is dredged again for 3.5 years.Keywords: Sediment; Hydrological Analysis; Checkdam; Sediment Discharge

Momentum will build in Vietnamese-US relations

Significance Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin was in Hanoi last month. In the Interim National Security Strategic Guidance document released by the White House in March, Vietnam was identified as one of Washington’s leading partners in the Indo-Pacific. Impacts Stronger Vietnamese-US relations may embolden Hanoi to initiate international legal proceedings over its maritime disputes with Beijing. Vietnam will urge the United States to do more to highlight the environmental impact of dam-building on the Mekong by upriver countries. Hanoi’s burgeoning ties with US adversary Moscow could have a negative impact on its relations with Washington.

Construction Materials and Dam Foundation While Memve’ele Dam Building in the Craton’s Region of South Cameroon

This chapter mainly focuses on engineering geology for dam construction from the Memve’ele region in Cameroon. Here, it deals with geotechnical and geological proprieties of both construction and dam foundation materials. This study is done at the aim to ensure that these materials need to be improved and how they have been used during dam construction. Field investigations, borehole information, density and seismic velocity measurements have been used, and results indicate that soil deposits have slightly clay content, mechanically well for dam construction and display a weak thickness layer particularly on the dam site. These conditions suggest that soil materials can be used as construction (cushion, transition layers, etc.) and foundation materials after few amendments. Ntem Formations appear weathered and fractured sometimes, though their mechanical behaviors display a good character for civil applications. However, engineering processes have been used to improve it by GIN (Grouting Intensity Number) methods. These formations have been used as construction (rip rap crushing aggregate, etc.) and dam foundation materials. Thus, this chapter contributes to highlight materials and dam foundation conditions which are crucial criteria encountered in the dam with emphasis on both theoretical study and practical application during dam construction.

The Perils of Freshwater Tsunamis

Most people think that tsunamis happen in the sea, but huge events generated by landslides into lakes, rivers, and dams indicate otherwise. For example, during the 563 event in Lake Geneva, a massive fort and numerous towns and villages along its shores were destroyed. There were earlier tsunamis and there will doubtless be more in the future. Indeed, man-made lakes—reservoirs—also represent spectacular dam-building failures. The Vajont Dam in Italy is a story of human folly, a disregard for Nature’s warnings that led to the death of thousands of people downstream. Landslides fall into rivers and can also produce massive waves. New Zealand’s largest historical tsunami was caused by just such a scenario, and although no people died, it offers an ominous sign of what can happen around any water body, fresh or otherwise, in the world.

PROSPECTS FOR COMBINING SOLAR PLANTS WITH STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRAULIC FACILITIES AND COMPLEXES

The issues of solving modern problems related to meeting the energy needs of environmental hydraulic engineering are considered. The problem of improving the methodological basis for choosing the optimal arrangement of elements of photovoltaic devices (SPEU) on the blocks of the dam building of hydroelectric power plants (HPP) of 4 main types is formulated. The graphical dependences of the estimation of the power ratio of the combined SPEU and HPP on the diameter of the turbine wheel are analyzed. As a result of the analysis of the influence of the location of the transformer on the possibility of placing the SPEU on the buildings of the hydroelectric power station, it was revealed that in order to increase the adaptability of the revitalized even large hydro system with a separate building of the hydroelectric power station, it is preferable to place power transformers from the downstream side. It is noted that according to the results of the schematic study for the medium-pressure hydroelectric complex Lagdo in the north of Cameroon, the placement of solar cells will provide an additional 6.95% of the capacity of the operating hydroelectric power station.

A Watershed Moment

Chapter 4 establishes Iraqi Kurdistan as a de-facto riparian actor the Tigris and Euphrates River System explaining that it is blessed with abundant water resources that are now under increasing stress. Changing demographics, dam building in neighbouring countries, and drought have brought Kurdish hydropolitics to a critical juncture where two distinct water futures of abundance or scarcity are possible depending in large part on policy decisions limited by regional security concerns. The chapter problematizes a spectrum of potential water conflict in this context and finds that outbreaks might be sparked by three historical realities: (1) systemic precedence for hydro-hegemonic behaviour—the monopolization of water by a single country—in the Tigris and Euphrates River Basin (2) a record of deployment of the water weapon during contemporary conflicts in Syria and Iraq and (3) conflicting views of ownership and rights to the Tigris and Euphrates river among the riparian countries. Ultimately, the chapter argues that the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) must recognize these realities, and use this understanding to develop a comprehensive strategy that will guarantee sufficient water for Iraqi Kurdistan’s people while maintaining the ability to use water as political leverage in support of designs toward autonomy or, more altruistically, to improve the quality of life for all Iraqis.

Nation Building on the Margins: How the Anthropologists of India Contributed?

The contributions of the anthropologists towards nation building in the early years after independence of India is still an unexplored research agenda in the social sciences in general and anthropology and sociology in particular. Under this background, an exploration is made in this study to search the contributions of anthropologists towards nation building and it revealed that there were at least five pioneering researches which dealt with the three major challenges confronted by the planners in newly independent India, and the challenges before the nation were famine, resettlement of refugees and industrialisation and big dam building. Apart from methodology, all the five studies have immense contemporary policy relevance.