scholarly journals Nigeria’s Niger Delta: Militia Violence, Amnesty, and Energy Security

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibaba Ibaba
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Energy Infrastructure ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the interface between violence in the Niger Delta, global energy security and amnesty granted to armed groups by the Nigerian government. The author notes the impact of the violence on energy infrastructure and brings to the fore how the violence endangers energy security. Thus far, a major concern is that the amnesty program will fail because it was not preceded by negotiations between the government and combatants. The author questions this view and points outs that before the amnesty proclamation, several negotiations through committees and commissions involving stakeholders had been done. The paper thus argues that it cannot be entirely correct to conclude that there were no negotiations before the amnesty program was proclaimed. Further, it argues that the issue of negotiation cannot be as important as the failure of government to tackle the fundamental issues which triggered the conflict. The deepening of the country’s democracy to ensure that votes count at elections is seen as the most likely option to guarantee the success of the amnesty program and secure the region and energy security.

scholarly journals Study of domestic coal-based dimethyl ether (DME) utilization to reduce LPG import

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Annisa Muliahati ◽  
Eva Fathul Karamah ◽  
Ika Kaifiah
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Household Sector ◽  
Handling Cost ◽  
Shipping Cost ◽  
National Energy Security ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluates the utilization of domestic coal-based dimethyl ether (DME) to substitute 15% of the total household sector demand of LPG import projected to year 2040 and the impact to the saving of state budget. Maximum LPG-DME blending in this study is 85% - 15% weight. DME-LPG mixture price at depot will be calculated based on DME FOB price at production plant, shipping cost, mixing and handling cost. The result of the research shows that DME-LPG mixture price and the import LPG price at each depot are 391 USD/MT and 620 USD/MT at Depot Tanjung Priok, 390 USD/MT and 620 USD/MT at Depot Eretan, 396 USD/MT and 622 USD/MT at Depot Tanjung Perak, 397 USD/MT and 622 USD/MT at Depot Gresik, and 401 USD/MT and 624 USD/MT at Depot Semarang. The substitution of LPG import with domestic coal-based DME results the saving of state budget about 388 million USD (IDR 5,332 billion). It concludes that the utilization of domestic coal-based DME is economically feasible to reduce the import of LPG per metric ton (MT), obtain the saving for state budget, and help the government to decrease the dependency of import LPG to maintain the national energy security.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Thermal Insulation Level of Residential Buildings in the Almaty Region of Kazakhstan

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainur Tukhtamisheva ◽  
Dinar Adilova ◽  
Karolis Banionis ◽  
Aurelija Levinskytė ◽  
Raimondas Bliūdžius
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Kazakhstan is country rich in energy resources, but to raise the living standards of the country’s population, the government regulates prices of heating energy, which are significantly lower comparing to those in the global energy market. Such an approach encourages the construction of residential buildings without concern for their energy efficiency, which significantly increases energy consumption in the sector and leads to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions into the environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of regulated low prices of heating energy on long-term energy use in buildings, to determine optimal levels of building thermal insulation at current energy prices and following global energy price trends, and to demonstrate the impact of more efficient building thermal insulation on heating energy consumption from a long-time perspective. The cost-optimal method used in EU countries was chosen for the optimization of building thermal insulation and energy consumption to compare the impact of energy prices on the optimal thermal insulation of buildings. The results of the study showed that maintaining low energy prices hinders the implementation of energy-efficient solutions in buildings and does not provide an economic justification for prolonging the heating season by ensuring the quality of the indoor microclimate. As a practical result of this study, a recommendation was made to introduce optimal thermal insulation requirements in building regulations and to redistribute part of the energy subsidies for implementation of energy-efficient measures in the residential building sector.

23. Energy Security

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Raphael ◽  
Doug Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
International Security ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Global North ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines growing concerns over global energy security due to rising demand for fossil fuels by industrialized economies coupled with increasing uncertainties over future energy reserves. It considers the implications of increasing energy insecurity amongst the world’s major powers for international security by focusing on the politics of oil. After providing an overview of the problem of energy security, the chapter discusses the connection between energy security and International Relations theories such as liberalism, realism, and historical materialism. It then explores the link between energy security and human insecurity, and how the search for energy security by states in the global North affects the human security of communities in the oil-rich global South. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the role played by the United States in underpinning global energy security in the post-war era, and the impact that this has had for oil-rich regions.

scholarly journals The Method of Cyber Awareness Analysis of an Energy Facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
D. A. Gaskova ◽  
A. G. Massel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Semantic Modeling ◽  
Energy Infrastructure ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Impact

The article proposes to analyze cyber-situational awareness of an energy facility in three stages. There are i) analysis of cyber threats to the energy infrastructure; ii) modeling of extreme situations scenarios in the energy sector caused by the implementation of the cyber threats; iii) risk assessment of the cybersecurity disruption to energy infrastructure. Three methods are presented, corresponding to each stage. The authors propose to apply semantic modeling methods to analyze the impact of cyber threats to energy facilities, taking into account energy security within the presented approach. Such methods show their effectiveness in the absence or incompleteness of data for modeling the behavior of systems, which defies formal description or accurate forecasting. The presented approach to the cyber situational awareness analysis of energy facilities considered as a synthesis of cybersecurity and situational awareness studies, characterized by the use of semantic modeling methods.

scholarly journals A SWOT Analysis of Nepalese Hydropower Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Birendra Rana
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fair Price ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Hydropower, in which Nepal has comparative advantage, has a potential to contribute to Nepal’s energy security and sustainable development. The government of Nepal enacted the Hydropower Development Policy in 2001 (HDP-2001) as an overarching policy to coordinate all policies forthcoming in this sector. This paper has critically analysed HDP-2001 by applying the Ecosystem services-based Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) technique. The paper has evaluated peer-reviewed scholarly articles, secondary data, and government publications available in public domain. The strengths and weaknesses of the policy were analysed by applying seven specific indicators. The research indicates that HDP-2001 has been successful in overcoming some of the pertinent challenges in Nepalese hydroelectric industry, however, it also faces several limitations on account of climate change, economic dislocations, effective monitoring, ensuring competitiveness, delivering fair price to the consumers, and institutional governance issues. Designing a practical mitigation plan, while being aware of its limitations, could be helpful in minimizing the impact of these exogenous factors.

Nigeria: A vicious cycle: The growth of terrorism and counterterrorism in Nigeria, 1999–2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 409-432
Author(s):  
Jennifer Giroux ◽  
Michael Nwankpa
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Organized Violence ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
The Impact

Violence in Nigeria has a tendency to shape-shift - from violent crimes, such as kidnapping and robbery, to various expressions of political violence, such as terrorism and insurgency, as well as police and military brutality.  Indeed, because of this, it’s difficult to talk about one type of violence without appreciating not only how it relates to specific contextual conditions but also to other forms of violence, which often overlap each other. Since Nigeria returned to civilian rule in 1999 the term ‘terrorism’ has increasingly been a part of the national discourse on security. On the one hand, the government refers to countering terrorism within the framework of its national security agenda while on the other hand, insurgent movements, namely those that have emerged in the southern Niger Delta region as well as the northeast, have increasingly used terrorism as one of many tactics within their violent campaigns. Though one can certainly make the argument that terrorism in Nigeria has been a growing concern, particularly in the last decade, analysis tends to look at the phenomenon in isolation rather than considering how it is connected to other forms of violence, and more importantly, how state responses to organized violence drive non-state groups to adopt new tactics and escalate conflict. To fill this gap this article will look at how terrorism is understood and experienced in Nigeria and how its conceptualization shapes the practice of counter-terrorism. Our analysis will capture both international and domestic factors - including the impact of 9/11 and subsequent EU and US efforts to counter terrorism in Nigeria - as well domestic realities, namely the societal impact of Nigeria's 1999 transformation from long military to democratic rule as well as the more recent insurgencies in the Niger Delta (2005-2009) and in the northeast (2009-present). Combined, analyzing the domestic and international considerations over a 15-year time period will allow us to trace how the conceptualization of terrorism and practice of counter-terrorism has changed over time.

scholarly journals An Impact Assessment of the National Policy on Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria, 1991: A Case Study of the Niger Delta

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5155-5162
Author(s):  
Dr. Korikiye Wenibowei
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The Government ◽  
Guidelines And Standards ◽  
The Impact

Oil exploration and exploitation has been on-going in the Niger Delta region in several decades. This has had disastrous effects on the region’s biodiversity and socio-economic environment. More importantly, the peoples’ sources of livelihood have been greatly affected due to pollution resulting from gas flaring and oil spills from explorative and exploitative activities. In the face of all these, there are existing laws and policies aimed at controlling and preserving the environment from total destruction. The main focus of this paper is the evaluation of the impact of the national policy on environment particularly the Federal Government Policy on the “Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control, 1991” as a regulatory instrument for environmental management in Nigeria. The findings based on secondary data reveals that policies as guiding principles and regulations are essential but the enforcement of these policies have not been effective enough to attain the desired objectives for which they are enacted. The paper posits that the lack of enforcement of the policy on the guidelines and standards for environmental pollution control in Nigeria in the Niger Delta region has resulted in the continuous degradation of the region’s environment, producing very severe hardship on the people as this directly affect the economic sources of survival. The country’s dependence on crude oil revenue buttresses the lackluster approach by the government to environment law enforcement in the Niger Delta region. Thus, oil spillages and gas flaring is continuing in the Niger Delta region.

scholarly journals RENEWABLE ENERGY AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
Zeittey Karmilla Kaman ◽  
Siti Fatihah Salleh ◽  
Waznatol Widad Mohamad Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Business Sustainability ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Research Highlights   This paper aims to assess the current progress of RE in this country and identify the impact of business sustainability idea towards RE policy development. The extensive review presented in this work offers a useful reference for policy makers, corporate managers and researchers who have vested interest in business sustainability and renewable energy related studies. ___________________________________________________________________________   Research Objectives   The objectives of this study is to explore the evolving concept of business sustainability towards environmental concern and to identify the impact of business sustainability idea towards Malaysia’s policy development on RE deployment.   Methodology   This is conceptual paper where the authors tend to make the analysis by exploring particular theories on business sustainability, renewable energy (RE), and the engagement of RE activities on Malaysia policy development.   Results   All energy sources have some impact and benefit on our environment. For instance, renewable energy (RE) is energy resource that naturally replenished over time and always can be generated such as solar, wind and hydro energy. However, if the rate of use exceeds the rate of renewal, gradually it will become unsustainable. Thus, to have a sustainable energy which defined as energy production that can last for the foreseeable future is crucial and become main focus of recent national policies, strategies and development plan as of many countries. Malaysia energy consumption still heavily depended on the non- renewable energies (RE) such as fossil fuel and natural gases. Unfortunately, the use of the non-RE is unsustainable and can contribute adversely towards the environment and economic performance of a country. Renewable energy is brought to play as it is believed sustainable and has the potential to thrive in infinitely competitive market of contemporary business nowadays. Therefore, in 2009, the government of Malaysia has announced a National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan (NREPAP) as part of their commitment to accelerate the growth of RE as an alternatives energy sources for the coming years. Moving onwards, a strong policy is needed to tackle the challenges in meeting the demand, energy security and also the affordability of energy pricing. Thus, in energy security dimension, perhaps the government should put attention on renewable energy by engaging more on the alternative mechanism to deploy RE capacity through program such as Large-Scale Solar PV, Net Metering as at current practices and also other new initiative like green certificates. The exploration on new RE resource such as wind, geothermal, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) also could assist in build up a new opportunity to enlarge the share of renewable energy mix percentage and ensure the future energy security (UNDP, 2007)   Findings   The energy industry is changing fast and in multiple directions. It is also regularly known as the catalyst for development in a country. Realizing the importance of energy as a vital dimension in economic and social development, the government of Malaysia has been continuously reviewing its energy policy and practices to ensure long-term sustainability, reliability and security of energy supply (Mohamed & Lee, 2006). The private sector even the communities should also be more corporate in social responsibilities and make compromises for instance by participating in green programs and accepting longer payback periods in RE projects. Nevertheless, continuous efforts and strong support from the societies are vital to ensure RE development can reach its maximum potential. This effort is also supported by (Dincer, 2000) and (Wutenhagen, Wolsink, & Buer, 2007) where they are stressed that increases the public awareness and acceptance on RE, it is as the initial step to make the sustainable energy program successful. This is done through the media, professional organizations, public and government channels. In conclusion, since there is still insufficient insight to critically reasoning the RE development in aspect of business and sustainability, the paper insists to contributes more to the research on energy policies enhancement in Malaysia particularly. This could be a challenge on governing agenda that involves a series of tradeoffs, market players, organizations and companies (Oliveira, 2018) and these efforts are important to ensure the future success of the RE development in Malaysia.   Acknowledgement   The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) for the fund granted through the Internal Grant (UNIIG2019), Project code: J510050852.   References   Dincer, I. (2000). Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4(2), 157–175. Mohamed, A. R., & Lee, K. T. (2006). Energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: Energy policy and alternative energy. Energy Policy, 34(15), 2388–2397. Oliveira, R. L. De. (2018). Powering the future : Malaysia ’ s energy policy challenges. Kuala Lumpur: IDEAS Policy Research Berhad. UNDP, United Nations Development Programme. (2007). Energy and Poverty in Malaysia: Challenges and the Way Forward. UNDP. Wutenhagen, R., Wolsink, M., & Buer, M. J. (2007). Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: An introduction to the concept. Energy Policy, 35, 2683–2691.

Nigerian government could secure elusive Delta peace

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regional Conflict ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Peace Initiatives ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The Government ◽  
External Borrowing

Subject Niger Delta peace initiatives Significance The Nigerian presidency on May 6 announced an increase of almost 30 billion naira (95 million dollars) in amnesty payments to militants in the Niger Delta region as part of the government's ‘New Vision for Niger Delta’. Last year, attacks on oil infrastructure saw production fall to an average 1.6 million barrels per day according to OPEC. In recent months, Acting President Yemi Osinbajo visited stakeholders in several Niger Delta states as the government seeks a lasting solution to the regional conflict. Impacts A fall in oil prices could undermine the government’s ability to meet its financial obligations in the Delta. Buhari's absence may embolden the opposition People’s Democratic Party in the Niger Delta, where they control all states. Proposed large external borrowing by the government could result in renewed fiscal indiscipline and corruption.

23. Energy Security

2018 ◽  
pp. 350-363
Author(s):  
Sam Raphael ◽  
Doug Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
International Security ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Global North ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines growing concerns over global energy security due to rising demand for fossil fuels by industrialized economies coupled with increasing uncertainties over future energy reserves. It considers the implications of increasing energy insecurity amongst the world’s major powers for international security by focusing on the politics of oil. After providing an overview of the problem of energy security, the chapter discusses the connection between energy security and International Relations theories such as liberalism, realism, and historical materialism. It then explores the link between energy security and human insecurity, and how the search for energy security by states in the global North affects the human security of communities in the oil-rich global South. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the role played by the United States in underpinning global energy security in the post-war era, and the impact that this has had for oil-rich regions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document