scholarly journals Attitudes of Paramedic Students towards Specific Medical Conditions: A Four-Year Study

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Williams ◽  
Malcolm Boyle ◽  
Stuart Howard
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
First Year ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Nursing Course

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the attitude of first year students entering a paramedic course over 4 consecutive yearly intakes toward patients with intellectual disability, substance abuse, attempted suicide, and acute mental illness. Method: The students’ attitude towards four medical conditions commonly encountered in the out-of-hospital setting was assessed using the Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS). The MCRS score ranges from 11 to 66. Results: 230 students in Victoria, Australia, participated in the study; 66% were female, and 76% of all students < 21 years of age. Students showed the most negative attitudes towards substance abuse, mean 35(SD+6.6), and the most positive attitude toward intellectual disability, mean 38.2(SD+6.3). Students in 2008 cohort displayed significantly higher regard for all medical conditions (pConclusions: The study findings suggest that these students in Victoria, Australia, entering an undergraduate paramedic or paramedic/nursing course have a relatively poor attitude towards the four reviewed medical conditions, particularly substance abuse.

Factors Associated with Repeat Suicide Attempts among Adolescents

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqualine Vajda ◽  
Kate Steinbeck
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Objective: To determine potential risk factors associated with repeat suicide attempts among adolescents. Method: Retrospective medical record review of all patients aged 13–20 years who presented to the emergency department at an inner city tertiary hospital after attempted suicide between 1994 and 1996. Subjects were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) codes E950.0 to E959.9 for attempted suicide. Study variables included demographic parameters, chronic medical conditions/illnesses, psychiatric and substance abuse disorders, history of sexual abuse and previous and subsequent suicide attempts. Variables univariately associated with repetition at p < 0.25 were entered into a multiple regression analysis. Results: Eighty seven per cent of patients presented with a drug overdose. Seventy-six per cent of all subjects attempted suicide in the context of a dispute or relationship break-up. At least one psychiatric disorder was present in 76% of subjects at the index attempt. The most frequently diagnosed disorders were depression (45.5%) and drug (34%) and alcohol abuse (27%). Variables predicting repetition within 12 months were drug (OR = 3.891, p = 0.02) and alcohol abuse (OR = 3.56, p = 0.05), non-affective psychotic disorders (OR = 3.81, p = 0.04), and chronic medical conditions/illness (OR = 3.29, p = 0.03). A history of sexual abuse was almost significant (OR = 3.03, p = 0.06). Conclusions: Adolescents most likely to re-attempt suicide with 12 months present with either substance abuse, non-affective psychotic disorders, chronic medical conditions, or a history of sexual abuse. All adolescents with a possible suicide attempt should receive a comprehensive mental health and psychosocial assessment. Closer scrutiny of the role of chronic illnesses and sexual abuse in both future research and clinical management is urged. A broad based, multidisciplinary intervention approach is recommended.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutritional Status through Body Mass Index (BMI) among First Year Students of MBBS & BSc Nursing Course of Government Medical Education Institutes in Dhaka

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
AHM Mostafa Kamal ◽  
Khadeza Khatun ◽  
Shakil Shams ◽  
Begum Dilruba Kazi ◽  
Kazi Afzalur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nutritional Health ◽  
Nursing Course

Context: Adequate knowledge about nutritional status of a community is necessary to have a comprehensive idea about its development process, as under-nutrition is one of the major health problems in developing countries. As an individual’s height and weight can be readily and inexpensively measured, body mass index (BMI) has become a popular heuristic approximation for body fatness in epidemiology and clinical practice. The BMI is the most common surrogate measure of obesity as well as nutritional assessment for individual. For this reasons an attempt has been taken to assess the nutritional status through the body mass index (BMI) among first year students of MBBS and B sc nursing course of government medical education institutes in Dhaka. Material and Methods: This descriptive type of analytic study was conducted in the Anatomy Department of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The study sample was 177 individuals of first year students of MBBS and B.Sc nursing course admitted in the session of 2017-2018 in the Dhaka Medical College & Dhaka Nursing College, Dhaka. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated as student’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of the student’s height in meters (kg/m2). The warning sign of poor nutritional health was calculated according to the checklist adapted by the Nutrition Screening Initiative, American Academy of Family Physicians July 2001. With the help of statistical software SPSS-20 comparisons between the two groups were done. Result: The mean (±SD) height (meter), weight (kg) and BMI of groups MBBS and B Sc nursing were 1.63±0.09, 61.65±11.22, 23.11±3.53 and 1.56±0.07, 49.05±9.42, 20.15±3.47 respectively. Good nutritional health status was found 61.80% in MBBS and 53.30% in B Sc nursing groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that the BMI of first year students of MBBS course is higher than first year students of B Sc nursing course. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 11-16

Religiosity, Aids, and Sexuality Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices of Black South-African First-Year University Students

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1328-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Nicholas ◽  
Kevin Durrheim
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Homosexuality ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Black South African ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Aids Knowledge

This study investigated the association of religiosity with sexuality and AIDS knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of 1,817 black first-year students in South Africa. On a structured questionnaire, consenting students rated themselves on scales of religiosity, attitudes toward homosexuality, intrafamilial communication about contraception, AIDS attitudes, and AIDS knowledge. Negative attitudes toward homosexuality were significantly associated with negative attitudes towards AIDS, high knowledge of AIDS, and high religiosity. Religious commitment diminished propensity to engage in sexual intercourse and delayed age for onset of sexual intercourse.

scholarly journals Child Mortality in England During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Odd ◽  
Sylvia Stoianova ◽  
Tom Williams ◽  
Peter Fleming ◽  
Karen Luyt
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
First Year ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Weak Evidence

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this analysis was to quantify the relative risk of childhood deaths across the whole of England during the first year of the COVID pandemic, compared to a similar period of 2019. DESIGN: This work is based on data collected by the National Child Mortality Database (NCMD) which collates data on all children who die in England. The number of deaths, and their characteristics, from 1st April 2020 until 31st of March 2021 (2020-21), were compared to those from the same period of 2019-20. Relative risk and excess mortality were derived for deaths in 2020-21 vs 2019-20. SETTING: All deaths reported to NCMD in England of children under 18 years of age, between April 2019 and March 2021. PARTICIPANTS: 6490 deaths of children, under the age of 18 years, reported to the NCMD over the study period. RESULTS: Children who died between April 2020 and March 2021 had similar demographics to those who died in 2019-20. Overall, there were 356 (198 to 514) fewer deaths in 2020-21 than in 2019-20 (RR 0.90 (0.85-0.94), p<0.001). Repeating the analysis by category of death, suggested that deaths from infection (RR 0.49 (0.38-0.64)) and from other underlying medical conditions (RR 0.75 (0.68-0.82)) were lower in 2020-21 than 2019-20, and weak evidence (p=0.074) that this was also true of deaths from substance abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood mortality in England during the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was the lowest on record, with over 300 fewer deaths than the preceding 12 months. The greatest reduction was seen in children less than 10 years old. It is important that we learn from this effect, that potentially offers alternative ways to improve the outcome for the most vulnerable children in our society.

scholarly journals Empathy Levels in Canadian Paramedic Students: A Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Pagano ◽  
Kate Robinson ◽  
Chris Ricketts ◽  
Jenalyn Cundy-Jones ◽  
Lisa Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Field Placements

<p><strong>Background</strong></p><p>Empathy in healthcare delivery is an essential component to providing high-quality patient care. Empathy in paramedics and paramedic students has been subject to limited study to date. This study aimed to determine the empathy levels demonstrated by first year paramedic students over the course of their first year of study.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong></p><p>This study employed a longitudinal design of a convenience sample of first year paramedic students in a community college program in Ontario, Canada. The Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS) was used to measure empathy levels across four medical conditions: intellectual disability, suicide attempt, substance abuse and mental health emergency. Surveys were conducted three times approximately 2-3 months apart; before first semester field placements (Nov/17), after first semester field placements (Jan/18) and near the end of second semester field placements (Mar/18).</p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>A total of 20 students completed all three surveys. Females, respondents aged 22-24, and participants with previous post-secondary education demonstrated higher mean empathy scores than their counterparts. Substance abuse was associated with the lowest mean empathy score for every demographic. Mean scores for intellectual disability, attempted suicide and mental health emergency decreased from the first survey to the last. Mean scores for substance abuse increased from 43.3 (SD±8.2) to 46.45 (SD±7.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>Results from this study suggest that in general, empathy levels among paramedic students decline over the course of their education. Male paramedic students are less empathetic than their female counterparts, and those with previous post-secondary education displayed higher mean empathy scores. The findings in this research support previous findings, and suggest that paramedic education programs may benefit from the inclusion of additional empathy training and education.  </p>

scholarly journals Child mortality in England during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2021-323370
Author(s):  
David Odd ◽  
Sylvia Stoianova ◽  
Tom Williams ◽  
Peter Fleming ◽  
Karen Luyt
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
First Year ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Weak Evidence

ObjectivesTo quantify the relative risk (RR) of childhood deaths across the whole of England during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with a similar period of 2019.DesignThis work is based on data collected by the National Child Mortality Database (NCMD). Deaths from 1 April 2020 until 31 March 2021 (2020–2021) were compared with those from the same period of 2019–2020. RR and excess mortality were derived for deaths in 2020–2021 vs 2019–2020.SettingAll deaths reported to NCMD in England of children under 18 years of age, between April 2019 and March 2021.Participants6490 deaths of children, under the age of 18 years, reported to the NCMD over the study period.ResultsChildren had similar demographics in the 2 years. There were 356 (198–514) fewer deaths in 2020–2021 than in 2019–2020 (RR 0.90 (0.85 to 0.94), p<0.001). Deaths from infection (RR 0.49 (0.38 to 0.64)) and from other underlying medical conditions (RR 0.75 (0.68 to 0.82)) were lower in 2020–2021 than 2019–2020, and weak evidence (RR 0.50 (0.23 to 1.07), p=0.074) that this was also true of deaths from substance abuse.ConclusionsChildhood mortality in England during the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was lower than expected, with over 300 fewer deaths than the preceding 12 months. The greatest reduction was in children less than 10 years old. It is important that we learn from this effect that potentially offers alternative ways to improve the outcome for the most vulnerable children in our society.

scholarly journals Exploring University Students’ Perceptions of Plagiarism: A Focus Group Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-245
Author(s):  
Lokesh Ramnath Maharajh
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Informal Group ◽  
Students Attitudes

Plagiarism is a matter of great concern to those who teach in higher education. The increase in technology has resulted in plagiarism becoming a source of anxiety for many students. Universities are continually being called upon to devote more time and resources to combating plagiarism. However, what of their understanding of students’ attitudes towards and understandings of plagiarism? It is critical to understand student perceptions towards plagiarism to develop approaches to combat plagiarism. This paper reports on a focus group study that generated qualitative data on students’ perceptions of plagiarism. Informal group discussions were held with first-year students to show how plagiarism appears from the undergraduate student's perspective. An interview schedule was developed to provide an overall direction for the discussion. The schedule followed a semi-structured, open-ended format to enable participants to set their agenda. The analysis revealed that students lack understanding of plagiarism, have certain assumptions about plagiarism, and have negative attitudes towards assigned tasks. This paper argues that there is merit in understanding students’ perspectives regarding plagiarism to develop successful strategies to promote academic integrity and prevent plagiarism. The paper concludes with a recommendation that lecturers at tertiary institutions need to teach explicitly plagiarism, how to avoid it, and referencing.  

scholarly journals RELIGIOUS FACTOR COVARIATE ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVEANALYSIS BETWEEN GENDER

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Khaizir Hj Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Female Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
National University ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
Determining Factor

This  research examines  the  issue   of  substance  abuse among first   year   students  of  National University of Malaysia. A total  of  1000 students  aged 18 until  23  years old comprising 271 male and   729 female  students   were  involved in  the  study.  To measure    the     level   of    tendency    to    abusedrugs,     SASSI-2(Substance  Abuse  Subtle  Screening), a psychology  measuring instrument   was    used,  containing 8  scales  which  are   Family friends    risk,    Attitude,   symptom,    Obvious  attributes,   subtle attributes,  Defensiveness,  Supplemental  addiction measure  dan Correctional. Meanwhile,  religiosity instrument  is  used   for   the purpose  of  measuring the  practice of  religious duties.   From the independent  sample t-test and  Multivariate Analysis  of  Variance (MANOVA) conducted,   differences   in   the   pattern   of substanceabuseamong      male    and     female     students     were identified.  The  result of  multivariate analisis covariate test (MANCOVA)showed  that  religiosity can  be  a determining factor in the tendency  of students  to be involved in substance  abuse

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