scholarly journals Conceptualization and digitalization of the heritage of soviet architects: A.V. Makhrovskaya, V.I. Kochedamov and A.I. Naumov within the Preserved Culture project

2021 ◽  
pp. 282-299
Author(s):  
В.Б. Наумов ◽  
А.Н. Асмолова
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
Active Research ◽  
The City ◽  
Cultural Monuments

Проект «Сохраненная культура» уже более десяти лет занимается изучением и продвижением в сети Интернет достижений отечественной науки и культуры ХХ века. Статья описывает и систематизирует уникальный опыт проекта по исследованию и актуализации творческого наследия выдающихся советских архитекторов: подготовку и публикацию воспоминаний об ученом-градостроителе, члене-корреспонденте РААСН А.В. Махровской, оцифровку личного архива историка градостроительства, декана архитектурного факультета Академии художеств В.И. Кочедамова и выпуск 4-томного издания его трудов с комментариями современных ученых, а также создание документального фильма «Архитектура блокады», посвященного памяти А.И. Наумова, доктора архитектуры, члена-корреспондента Академии строительства и архитектуры СССР, автора трех генеральных планов развития Ленинграда, организатора маскировки города в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Особое внимание в статье уделено проблеме цифрового разрыва и прикладным подходам и методам его преодоления, позволяющим сохранять и популяризировать памятники «бумажной» культуры прошлого века в условиях информационного общества через создание активного исследовательского сообщества. The Preserved Culture project has been researching and promoting the achievements of Russian science and culture of the 20th century on the Internet for more than ten years. This article describes and systematizes a unique experience on the study and update of the creative heritage of the distinguished Soviet architects. This includes the preparation and publication of the memories about scientist-urban planner, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences A.V. Makhrovskaya; the digitization of the personal archive of the urban development historian, dean of the faculty of architecture of the Academy of Arts V.I. Kochedamov, as well as the release of the four-volume edition of his works with commentaries of modern scientists. The article also presents the documentary film “Architecture of the Blockade” which is dedicated to the memory of A.I. Naumov, the Doctor of Architecture, corresponding member of the Academy of Construction and Architecture of the USSR, author of three Leningrad master plans, organizer of the city masking during the Great Patriotic War. Particular attention in the article is paid to the problem of the digital divide and applied approaches and methods of overcoming it, which make it possible to preserve and popularize non-digital cultural monuments of the last century in the context of the information society through the creation of an active research community.

scholarly journals The Formation of the Monumental and Memorial Space of Donetsk

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Women Victims ◽  
City Council ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Memorial Space

Donetsk is a city, which located in the south-eastern part of Ukraine, the beginnings of which can be traced back to the last quarter of the ХVІІІ century. During the ХХ century the city of Yuzivka – Staline – Donetsk turned into an industrial centre in within the Russian Empire and later the USSR. Accordingly, it was formed its monumental-memorial space, the analysis of which is the purpose of this research. Legislative documents and registers have been worked out for its implementation historical and cultural monuments, statistics, periodicals. The article showed that the monumental tradition of Donetsk was formed mostly in the Soviet era, most intensively in the 1950th – 1980th. The monuments concerned the significant events of that time – «the Great October Socialist Revolution», «the Civil War», «the Great Patriotic War», many objects are dedicated to work, including mining. They purposefully worked on the formation of Soviet identity of citizens. A tribute to Ukrainian history and culture has been found in the monuments T. Shevchenko, I. Frank, B. Khmelnitsky. However, their installation is small formal – except for the first, these objects were placed on the periphery of Donetsk. It is shown that in the years of independent Ukraine in the city was installed one and a half dozens of monuments dedicated to people whose lives and activities they were related to Donetsk or Donetsk region – A. Solovyanenko, J. Hughes, Holocaust victims, internationalist soldiers, militiamen dead, the mother of women, victims of political repression, victims of Chernobyl catastrophe, rescue hero and others. Сonstruction of monuments in the postsoviet decades focused on fostering pride in prominent countrymens and on this led to the formation of regional patriotism. With Soviet-era monuments have always been preserved alongside new ones memorials, what contributed to the position of the Donetsk City Council, deputies who repeatedly stated the need for the demolition of the Soviet memorials. In the course of the study it was possible to reach a conclusion mainly Soviet filling the monumental and memorial space of Donetsk, which is also on boundaries of the XX–XXI centuries did not undergo significant changes, which influenced the formation specific identity that fit into the notion of local, «Donetsk» patriotism.

scholarly journals The Academy of Sciences Library – 300 years serving the readers

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Valery Leonov
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Active Role ◽  
World Science ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
The Third ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article presents a paper delivered at the International Conference of the Russian Academy of Sciences Library (BAN) on November 23, 2018. The purpose of the paper is to capture the image of the BAN and its reader at key moments of their life over three centuries with method of portraying. The author gives three portraits of the BAN and its readers. The first portrait (1718– 1917) shows birth and formation of the library as a national and academic book depository. It emphasizes influence of the authorities in strengthening international relations with libraries in Western Europe. It notes the active role of readers in its development. The second portrait (1917– 1991) is devoted to the BAN as the basis for the development of the Russian science that occupied an honored place in the world and gained respect for the works of its readers. The ideology of the BAN was focused on their scientific interests. The article characterizes the role of the library in the years of the Great Patriotic War, the new readership and the specificity of readers' requests. It provides information about the readers of the BAN in the postwar years. It considers the activities of the library and its readers in eliminating the consequences of the February 1988 fire. The third portrait (1991–2018) characterizes the BAN and its readers in modern conditions. Attention is paid to the fact that the library carefully preserves the traditions and continues to remain a unique book depository not only to the national, but also tothe world science and culture.

scholarly journals Boris Vladimirovich Zalessky (1887—1966): Unknown Pages of the Biography of the Scientist

2021 ◽  
pp. 308-325
Author(s):  
I. V. Klyueva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Activity ◽  
City Council ◽  
District Court ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chief Prosecutor ◽  
The City

New biographical data about the Russian scientist-geologist, specialist in the field of petrography B. V. Zalessky are identified and specified. The links in the history of the Zalessky (Zalesky) family, which belonged to the hereditary nobility of the Kazan province, who had estates in the Vyatka, Kazan and Kostroma provinces, are being restored. Verified information about the closest relatives of B. V. Zalessky is provided: his great-grandfather — the honorary caretaker of the Yaransky district school P.A. Zalessky; grandfather — a member of the city council of Kazan, comrade of the mayor and acting mayor N. P. Zalessky; father — the prosecutor of the Vyatka, then the Kazan district court, later the assistant to the chief prosecutor of the Criminal Cassation Department of the Government Senate V. N. Zalessky (erroneously presented in the works of a number of researchers as “Zalsky”), etc. The characteristic of the personality, scientific activity and social circle of B. V. Zalessky is given. His relations with famous figures of Russian science and culture — M. M. Bakhtin, the Florensky family are considered. Scattered information contained in various sources — unpublished (archival) and published (scientific articles and monographs, memoirs and epistolary sources, documentary prose, reference and encyclopedic literature and Internet publications) is collected and generalized.

scholarly journals The conflict between attempts to green arid cities and urban livelihoods The case of Dodoma, Tanzania

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Lupala ◽  
John Lupala
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Local Context ◽  
City Development ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Urban Livelihoods ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
The City

One of the features that characterise the designated capital city of Dodoma is the limited green landscape element as a result of semiarid climatic conditions of the whole central region of Tanzania. Besides concerted efforts by the Dodoma urban authorities to develop greenery landscape within the city through the Capital City Development Programme, such efforts have fallen into conflict with people’s livelihood activities. In this paper, it is argued that the gap between identification of appropriate landscape features that are not consistent with people's lifestyles and the local conditions are the contributory factors to the observed conflicts between attempts to green the city and livelihoods of the residents. Borrowed planning concepts in the masterplans thatwere imposed on the contextof Dodoma do not reflectthe realityof thepeople's needs and priorities as regards their livelihoods. These concepts have to the greatest extent failed to integrate livelihood activities and greening initiatives. This paper underscores the need for developing locally based planning considerations that take cognisance of all stakeholders and the local context as a way towards harmonising greening initiatives while accommodating people's livelihood needs and activities.Key Words: greening initiatives, livelihood activities, semi-arid cities, urban planning, master plans, Dodoma, Tanzania. 

Measurement and Calculation of Ventilation in the Floor of the Brewery Žirovnice

2014 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Jiří Jurka ◽  
Jan Škramlík
Keyword(s):  
Air Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
The City ◽  
Cultural Monuments

The article discusses how to test the functionality of air insulations designed for the floor ventilation in historic buildings and follows on from the previously published articles. A flow analysis is being performed on an object of the City of Zirovnice which has been registered in the list of cultural monuments and was built as a brewery in the years 1589-1592 on the site of an older medieval building. The foundations and external brickwork consist mostly of stone. This article brings new air flow readings. The aim of the article is to analyse in detail the air flow in a specific floor void with the aid of modern CFD programs and experimental measurements using the ALMEMO device.

scholarly journals Geografias e genealogias do planejamento urbano em Belém: elementos da modernidade e produção de desigualdades / Geographies and genealogies of urban planning in Belém: elements of modernity and the production of inequalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (55) ◽  
pp. 980-1005
Author(s):  
Tiago Santos
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The City

Considerando a dinâmica e a estrutura urbana de Belém no início do século XXI como expressão da acumulação das intervenções urbanas e das práticas de planejamento e gestão do espaço da cidade, analisa-se a genealogia do planejamento urbano para compreender a produção de um espaço que tem como característica a negação da natureza e a produção da desigualdade entre classes sociais. Nesse aspecto, identificou-se três períodos específicos que produziram impactos significativos na produção do espaço urbano de Belém: o terceiro quarto do século XVIII (1755 – 1777) com as reformas promovidas no período Pombalino na Amazônia, momento de expressão de uma modernidade urbana e arquitetônica; o final do século XIX e a primeira década do século XX (1890 – 1910), momento de ascensão da economia regional a partir da intensificação de atividades extrativas que produziram reformas urbanísticas com tons higienistas e; por fim, o período entre 1940 e 1970, que marcou uma série de propostas de planejamento com viés técnico-burocrático na produção do espaço. Do ponto de vista da metodologia adotada, estabeleceu-se como percurso de pesquisa: i) levantamento bibliográfico de caráter teórico e empírico da temática; ii) levantamento documental acerca das práticas de planejamento e intervenção dos períodos destacados com base em legislação, planos e projetos de cada um dos períodos; iii) coleta de iconografia representativa da época as quais as políticas foram executadas. Apresenta-se como resultados a hipótese de que a narrativa de uma pretensa ausência de planejamento como fator explicativo dos problemas da cidade é um discurso que não tem base na realidade, posto que historicamente é exatamente o oposto que a pesquisa indica, as modalidades de planejamento efetivadas em Belém acentuam problemas como a segregação socioespacial.Palavras-Chave: História, Planejamento Urbano, Modernidade, Belém.AbstractConsidering the dynamics and urban structure of Belém at the beginning of the 21st Century as an expression of the accumulation of urban interventions and planning and management practices of the city, the historical genealogy of urban planning is analyzed as a way of understanding production of a space that has as characteristic the negation of the nature and the production of the inequality between social classes. In this aspect, three specific periods were identified that produced significant impacts on the production of the urban space of Belém: the third quarter of the seventeenth century (1755 - 1777) with the reforms promoted in the Pombaline period in the Amazon, a time of expression of an urban and architectural design; the end of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century (1890 - 1910), a time of great rise of the regional economy from the intensification of extractive activities that produced urban reforms with hygienic tones; and finally, the period between 1940 and 1970, which marked a series of planning proposals with a bureaucratic technical aproach in the production of space in Belém. This work established as following research methodology: i) survey bibliographical of theoretical and empirical character of the analyzed subject; ii) documentary survey of the planning and intervention practices of the highlighted periods based on municipal, state and federal legislation, as well as the master plans and development plans of the periods; iii) collection of iconography representative of the time to which the policies were executed in the urban space. The hypothesis is that the narrative of a supposed absence of planning as a factor of the city's problems is a discourse that has no basis in reality, since historically it is exactly the opposite that the research indicates, that is, the modalities in Belém accentuate problems such as socio-spatial segregation.Keywords: History, Urban Planning, Modernity, Belém.

scholarly journals Alternative Modernity of the Princely states- Evaluating the Architecture of Sayajirao Gaekwad of Baroda

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Niyati Jigyasu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Built Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Princely State ◽  
The City ◽  
Lasting Influence

The first half of the 20th century was a turning point in the history of India with provincial rulers making significant development that had positive contribution and lasting influence on India’s growth. They served as architects, influencing not only the socio-cultural and economic growth but also the development of urban built form. Sayajirao Gaekwad III was the Maharaja of Baroda State from 1875 to 1939, and is notably remembered for his reforms. His pursuit for education led to establishment of Maharaja Sayajirao University and the Central Library that are unique examples of Architecture and structural systems. He brought many known architects from around the world to Baroda including Major Charles Mant, Robert Chrisholm and Charles Frederick Stevens. The proposals of the urban planner Patrick Geddes led to vital changes in the urban form of the core city area. New materials and technology introduced by these architects such as use of Belgium glass in the flooring of the central library for introducing natural light were revolutionary for that period. Sayajirao’s vision for water works, legal systems, market enterprises have all been translated into unique architectural heritage of the 20th century which signifies innovations that had a lasting influence on the city’s social, economic, administrative structure as well as built form of the city and its architecture. This paper demonstrates how the reformist ideas and vision of an erstwhile provincial ruler lead to significant architecture at the turn of the century in Princely state of Vadodara.

scholarly journals EINGORN’S AND SHELEIKHOVSKY’S SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION IN THE CREATION AND FOR-MATION METHODOLOGY OF «DIPROMISTO» INSTITUTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (157) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
K. Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Urban Climatology ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Planning Project ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
New City ◽  
The City

The article describes the origin and formation of the «Dipromisto» Institute. The peculiarities of the project approach and methodological findings of the institute at the beginning of 1930s are considered.. The realism and pragmatism of Ukrainian specialists in the field of urban planning are noted. A necessary component in the devel-opment of the master plan of the new city, or the reconstruction of the existing one, was the technical and econom-ic studying of the city and more detailed analytical work. Only after that the sketch project was made and devel-opment of the final project of planning and drawing up in detail of the partial project of planning of the first turn was carried out. The Institute's development has consistently attempted to make the city aware and practical, not only as a supplement to industrial production, but as a self-sufficient facility designed to ensure all aspects of people's lives. The same approach was used in the process of developing the master plan of Kharkov (1933-1938). Thanks to the Institute, several dozen master plans of cities and about a hundred master plans of industrial settlements of the Ukrainian SSR were designed, and a master plan of Kharkov was developed. The school of complex urban planning was formed thanks to the work of many talented specialists: O. Eingorn, G. Sheleikhovsky and P. Alyoshin, as well as D. Bogorad, M. Davidovich, I. Malozyomov, O. Marzeev, P. Khaustov and other specialists. Eingorn was the undisputed ideological leader of the Institute. Thanks to his leadership, a methodology for designing cities was developed. First of all, the design process was divided into four stages: technical and eco-nomic studying of the city; drawing up a draft planning plan; development of the final planning project; drawing up a detailed partial draft of the first stage planning. Eingorn paid great attention to the architecture of the city and work with the landscape and another important implementation of O. Eingorn is a reorganization of the de-sign process and the work of the architect-designer and associates. Another prominent specialist – G. Sheleikhovsky. He co-authored and engineered and designed two large ur-ban projects, the master plan of Kharkiv and Big Zaporizhia. He was also a scientist who laid the foundations of urban climatology, which in the 1930s was just beginning to develop. Keywords: Dipromisto Institute, school of urban planning, Soviet urban planning, urban planning of the Ukrainian SSR, Kharkiv metropolitan period.

scholarly journals Leningrad Research Institute for Prosthetics during the Great Patriotic war and the city blockade

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
G.N. Ponomarenko ◽  
◽  
K.K. Shcherbina ◽  
L.M. Smirnova ◽  
A.V. Sokurov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The City ◽  
Research Institute

scholarly journals ACADEMICIAN ALEKSANDR FYODOROVICH TUR (ON THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF THE TEACHER)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
N. P. Shabalov ◽  
L. V. Erman ◽  
M. V. Erman
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Pediatric Hematology ◽  
Children's Nutrition ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
125Th Anniversary ◽  
The City ◽  
Lenin Prize

The article is dedicated to the 125th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian pediatrician, Academician Aleksandr Fyodorovich Tur and the 75th anniversary of the lifting the siege of Leningrad in the Great Patriotic War. Professor A.F. Tur directly participated in the organization of medical care for children in the besieged city of Leningrad, for 10 years he was the chief pediatrician of the city. The experience of the work of children’s polyclinics in Leningrad on the basis of a single pediatrician subsequently became the property of the whole country. A.F. Tur made a huge contribution to the protection of children of the besieged city, directed the Children’s Nutrition Board, proposed original methods for combating alimentary dystrophy, helped to create a system of rigorous provision of children with food, shelter, fuel, organization of the correct regime in shelters, and continuous monitoring of vaccinations for children. The Society of Pediatric Doctors headed by Prof. Yu.A. Mendeleva and A.F. Tur was one of the first to renew its meetings in the besieged Leningrad. The name of A.F. Tur is associated with the establishment of domestic dietetics, neonatology, pediatric hematology, pediatric endocrinology. Among his students, there are more than 110 candidates and 28 doctors of medical sciences. In peacetime, A.F. Tur was awarded two orders of Lenin, in 1970 he was awarded (jointly with G.N. Speranskii and Yu.F. Dombrovskaya) the title of the Laureate of the Lenin Prize “... for a series of works on the physiology and pathology of young children, contributing to a sharp decline in morbidity and mortality among them».

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