scholarly journals Alternative Modernity of the Princely states- Evaluating the Architecture of Sayajirao Gaekwad of Baroda

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Niyati Jigyasu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Built Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Princely State ◽  
The City ◽  
Lasting Influence

The first half of the 20th century was a turning point in the history of India with provincial rulers making significant development that had positive contribution and lasting influence on India’s growth. They served as architects, influencing not only the socio-cultural and economic growth but also the development of urban built form. Sayajirao Gaekwad III was the Maharaja of Baroda State from 1875 to 1939, and is notably remembered for his reforms. His pursuit for education led to establishment of Maharaja Sayajirao University and the Central Library that are unique examples of Architecture and structural systems. He brought many known architects from around the world to Baroda including Major Charles Mant, Robert Chrisholm and Charles Frederick Stevens. The proposals of the urban planner Patrick Geddes led to vital changes in the urban form of the core city area. New materials and technology introduced by these architects such as use of Belgium glass in the flooring of the central library for introducing natural light were revolutionary for that period. Sayajirao’s vision for water works, legal systems, market enterprises have all been translated into unique architectural heritage of the 20th century which signifies innovations that had a lasting influence on the city’s social, economic, administrative structure as well as built form of the city and its architecture. This paper demonstrates how the reformist ideas and vision of an erstwhile provincial ruler lead to significant architecture at the turn of the century in Princely state of Vadodara.

scholarly journals Lviv as the cradle of Polish independence organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-545
Author(s):  
Janusz Zuziak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Lviv occupies a special place in the history of Poland. With its heroic history, it has earned the exceptionally honorable name of a city that has always been faithful to the homeland. SEMPER FIDELIS – always faithful. Marshal Józef Piłsudski sealed that title while decorating the city with the Order of Virtuti Militari in 1920. The past of Lviv, the always smoldering and uncompromising Polish revolutionist spirit, the climate, and the atmosphere that prevailed in it created the right conditions for making it the center of thought and independence movement in the early 20th century. In the early twentieth century, Polish independence organizations of various political orientations were established, from the ranks of which came legions of prominent Polish politicians and military and social activists.

scholarly journals Garden-district in the outskirts of São Paulo: Interlagos Satellite Spa-Town

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (71) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Monzillo de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Pronin ◽  
Denise Antonucci
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Garden City ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Subdivision ◽  
Cognitive Study ◽  
The City

A series of new districts appeared in São Paulo between 1915 and 1940, all inspired in the garden-city concept created by Ebenezer Howard. The City of São Paulo Improvements and Freehold Land Company Limited established some of them in the southwest sector of the city, near downtown: Jardim América (1915), Butantã (1921), Alto da Lapa (1921), Pacaembu (1925), and Alto de Pinheiros (1931). Other developers carried out land subdivisions inspired in the same garden-districts concepts, but in more distant areas. The following garden-districts were built in the southern area of the city: Chácara Flora (1928), Interlagos (1938), and Granja Julieta (1956). Unlike central garden-districts, the history of the outlying garden-districts was seldom or only partly studied. Given this scenario, this study aims to fill a historiographical gap on Interlagos garden-district, which was born as “Interlagos Satellite Spa Town”. Its form is such an important example of landscaping and cultural heritage that the district was listed as protected by the city heritage agency in Resolution nº 18, November 23, 2004, in view of the morphological and historical features of the original land subdivision. This study relies on an urban morphology cognitive study which, according to Rego and Meneguetti (2011), aims to expand the knowledge on the origins and explanations of that urban form. The study presents unpublished data on the district formation, taken mainly from a survey carried out in newspapers from the 1930s and 1940s.

scholarly journals El discurso del civismo en Pereira o la "sacralidad" de lo público durante el siglo XX

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Jaime Correa Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Local History ◽  
Civic Discourse ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rotary Club ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City

La referencia constante al civismo es uno de los rasgos más distintivos de la historia urbana de Pereira. Al igual que en muchas ciudades colombianas, la ideología del civismo asume la necesidad de establecer una especie de simbiosis entre la ciudad, sus espacios públicos y sus ciudadanos, tanto en lo material como en lo espiritual. En el caso de Pereira se busca identificar los aspectos más relevantes del discurso cívico que desarrollaron entidades como la Sociedad de Mejoras y el Club Rotario a través de diferentes medios escritos, poniendo especial énfasis en los valores morales que debían exhibir los ciudadanos cívicos o los "ciudadanos de bien" de la ciudad, en el proceso de transformación y modernización vivido a lo largo del siglo XX.Palabras clave: discurso, civismo, prensa, clubes y sociedades, historia local, siglo XX.The discourse of civism in Pereira, or The “sacredness” of public matters during the 20th century AbstractThe constant reference to civism is one of the most distinct characteristics of the urban history of Pereira. Similar to many Colombian cities, the ideology of civism assumes that there is a need to establish a kind of symbiosis between the city, its public spaces, and its citizens, in material as well as spiritual matters. In the case of Pereira, the author seeks to identify the most relevant aspects of the civic discourse which developed entities like the Improvement Society and the Rotary Club, through different written means, putting special emphasis on the moral values which the civic citizens (or ciudadanos de bien) must have exhibited in the process of transformation and modernization experienced throughout the 20th century. Keywords: discourse, civism, press, clubs and societies, local history, twentieth century.

Jaffa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The City

The city of Joppe/Jaffa/Yafo on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, immediately south of modern Tel Aviv, has a long history of importance as an urban centre, from the Middle Bronze Age onward until the 20th century. It was one of the few sites along the Palestinian coast that had a usable anchorage. The present article focuses on the Hellenistic, Roman, and late Roman periods, giving a brief survey of the major events, the political, social, and administrative history, and the major sources of information.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Creating a Russian Agent Network in Shanghai at the Beginning of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Drobotushenko Evgeny V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The history of the creation of the agent network of the Russian Empire has not found comprehensive coverage in scientific publications so far. The existing research referred to specific names or mention private facts. This predetermined the relevance of the work. The object of the study is the Russian agents in China in general and in Chinese Shanghai, in particular. The subject is the study of peculiarities of the first attempts in creating Russian agent network in the city. The aim of the work is to analyze the attempt to create a network of Russian illegal agents in Shanghai in 1906–1908. The lack of materials on the problem in scientific and popular scientific publications predetermined the use of previously unknown or little-known archival sources. This is the correspondence of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Russian Imperial envoy in Beijing and the Russian Consul in Shanghai stored in the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (SARF). The main conclusion of the study was the remark about the lack of scientific elaboration, at the moment, the history of official, legal and illegal agents of the Russian Empire in Shanghai, China. Private findings suggest that, judging by the available data, creation of a serious network of agents in the city during the Russian Empire failed. The reasons for this, presumably, were several: the lack of qualified agents with knowledge of Chinese or, at least, English, who could work effectively; the lack of funds for the maintenance of agents, a small number of Russian citizens, the remoteness of Shanghai from the Russian-Chinese border, etc. A network of agents will be created in the city by the Soviet authorities by the middle of the third decade of the 20th century, and Soviet illegal agents began to work in the early 1920s. The History of Soviet agents in China and Shanghai, in particular, is studied quite well which cannot be said about the previous period. It is obvious that further serious work with archival sources is required to recreate as complete as possible the history of Russian legal and illegal agents in Shanghai in pre-Soviet times

scholarly journals La recuperación de los centros históricos durante el Franquismo. El caso de Jaén

Imafronte ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 29-58
Author(s):  
José Manuel Almansa Moreno
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Special Function ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Modern Image

PRUEBA - A mediados del siglo XX se inicia la revalorización de los centros históricos en Es- paña, especialmente de aquellas ciudades vinculadas con la historia de nuestro país, buscando desarrollar su potencial turístico como pieza clave para mejorar la economía nacional y ofrecer una imagen de modernidad en el extranjero.En esa labor tiene especial importancia la Sección de Ordenación de Ciudades de Interés Artístico Nacional, organismo dependiente de la Dirección General de Arquitectura, cuyos arquitectos son los encargados de diseñar proyectos de mejora y embellecimiento urbano, los cuales generalmente se complementaban con otras intervenciones acometidas en los edificios monumentales por otras instituciones (como, por ejemplo, la Dirección General de Bellas Artes o los cabildos municipales).A través de este estudio pretendemos analizar las intervenciones acometidas en la ciudad de Jaén durante la década de los 60 y 70, proyectos urbanísticos llevados a cabo si- guiendo otros ejemplos en la provincia como las reformas acometidas en Úbeda y Baeza una década antes, y que pretendían embellecer espacios tan emblemáticos como la Plaza de Santa María y el histórico barrio de la Magdalena. In the middle of the 20th. century began the revaluation of the historical centers in Spain, especially those cities linked to the history of the country, seeking to develop their tourist potential as a key piece to improve the national economy and to offer a modern image abroad. In this work it has special function the Section of Ordination of Cities of National Artistic Interest, organism dependent of the Directorate General of Architecture, whose architects are in charge of designing projects of improvement and urban beautification, which were generally complemented by other interventions in monumental buildings by other institutions (such as the Directorate General of Fine Arts). Through this study we intend to analyze the interventions undertaken in the city of Jaén during the decades of the ' 60s and ' 70s, urban projects carried out following other examples in the province as the reforms undertaken in Úbeda and Baeza a decade before, and which sought to beautify so emblematic as the Square of St. Mary and the historic district of the Magdalene.  

scholarly journals “Europa in de Tropen”, The Colonial Tourism and Urban Culture in Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Rahmia Nurwulandari ◽  
Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The City

Bandung experienced a rapid urban development after 1918, when the city was prepared to be the new Dutch East Indies’ capital city, replacing Batavia. In the era of economic liberalization, Bandung also became one of the tourist destinations that has promoted by the businessmen. This paper is a study on how mass tourism as the new urban culture in the beginning of 20th century had a contribution to urban planning in Bandung. The timeline was after the establishment of train as a modern transportation in Bandung (1884) until the end of the Dutch Colonialism in Dutch East Indies (1942). Through the Georg Simmel's theory of sociology and the city, I tried to analyze the the tourism activity and its relations to the 20th century urban architecture in Bandung, West Java. I use the method that was introduced by Iain Borden and friends in The Unknown City to understand tourism and urban history of Bandung through the spatial practice, city representation and experiences. 

scholarly journals TO THE HISTORY OF THE APPEARANCE OF THE «POT OF LAZUR»

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Анатолий Александрович Цыганов
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Water Body ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Object ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

«Водный объект «Лазурь» (недостроенный канал) на территории парка «Победы» в г. Твери протягивается от р. Тьмаки до устья руч. Перемерки, впадающего в р. Волгу, в районе затона Тверского речного порта. Проект не был реализован в связи с Отечественной войной 1812 г. Уже позднее в начале XX в., почти в самом устье образовавшегося объекта была проложена Волжская ветка Николаевской железной дороги. Так возникла система прудов - «водный объект «Лазурь». Water body «Lazur» (unfinished canal) in the territory of the Victory Park in Tver stretches from p. Dark to the mouth of the stream. Measure flowing into the river. Volga, in the area of the backwater of the Tver river port As the Blinovs noted, «on the 1812 th, we began to dig a ditch from T'maki along Lazuri on June 1... Poles dug Russian and, at least 600 people at work» The canal between T'makoy and the Volga, according to the plan of Georg Oldenburgsky, was supposed to protect the city from floods and serve as a place for keeping baroque in winter. he project was not implemented in connection with the Patriotic War of 1812. Later, at the beginning of the 20th century, almost at the mouth of the formed "Water Object Lazur", the Volga branch of the Nikolaev Railway to the Konya-Evch mill was laid. s a result, the first pond was formed with a level mark of 125.2 m a. o., which is significantly lower than the other eight ponds.

scholarly journals A short history of the form of octagonal and elliptical city squares

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Maciej Motak ◽  
Magdalena Woźniczka
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Short History ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
History Of

The article starts with the short discussion of two geometrical figures, i.e., octagon and ellipse, their genesis in architecture and urban design, and the examples of buildings whose plans were based upon them. Then, the selected octagonal and elliptical city squares are discussed: their genesis, context, layout, architecture surrounding the square, objects appearing in the square and, most specially, urban form and composition. The theory of architectural-landscape interiors has been applied to pinpoint the type of city squares by the assessing of the degree of openings in the square’s perimeter. The review consists of 22 case studies (9 octagonal and 13 elliptical) from the 15th to the 20th century. The last discussed case in each group, both atypical created in Krakow in the 20th century, are discussed even more thoroughly. The conclusions were presented first separately for octagonal and elliptical city squares and finally also for both groups in a comparative way.

scholarly journals In the name of housing

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Sameep Padora
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary People ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
The City ◽  
Architectural Unit

In his 1925 book Groszstadtbauten, Ludwig Hilberseimertalks about the relation of city form to that of the smallest single architectural unit; a room within a house. This commentary is validated by the fact that the residential fabric of any city comprises most of that city’s built form. For most people, this means the form of housing. This essay focuses on the history of architecture relating to housing in the city of Mumbai. The tie between Mumbai’s form and its inhabitation. Looking specifically at the architectural form of these projects, they become instructive both through the breadth of their variations, as well as the depth of their spatial and formal engagements. Building on the history of housing in Mumbai since the early-nineteenth century the essay presents a typology of housing inhabited by ordinary people and their immediate spatial ecologies which facilitate a specific manner of compressed living. These types are commentaries on technology, lifestyle, and culture are all situated within the particularities of their respective time. Nevertheless, these unique armatures still seem to gravitate around certain emergent commonalities that could provide an armature for the design of collective housing models in the future.

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