scholarly journals Geotechnical and Mineralogical Appraisal of Shale and Claystone Facies of the Maastrichtian Patti Formation, Bida Basin, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusola J Ojo ◽  
Oladele A Omotoso ◽  
Adams Agbelekale ◽  
Suraju A Adepoju ◽  
Ayodeji Awe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Swell Potential

The need for construction materials in the rapidly developing areas around Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria cannot be overemphasized and this study was undertaken in line with this need. The study area, located about 60km from Abuja, is underlain predominantly by shales and claystones of the Patti Formation. These argillaceous rocks may offer locally sourced construction material if they meet certain specifications, however to date, there has not been a geotechnical study of these rocks. The geotechnical properties and the mineralogy of the shale and claystone were investigated to evaluate their suitability for civil engineering works. Particle size distribution, Atterberg  limits and X-ray diffraction analyses were performed on fifteen shale and claystone samples collected  from  three localities (along an approximately 25km transect) for determination of their geotechnical properties and mineralogical composition. Mineralogical data obtained show the samples are dominated by kaolinite with minor amount of montmorillonite. Quartz and minor amounts of microcline, rutile and anatase dominate the non-clay mineral fraction. Particle size data indicate high proportion of fines and they are well graded. The Atterberg limits indicate that the samples have average values of liquid limit of 51%, plastic limit of 23%, plasticity index of 29% and shrinkage limit of 13%. These indicate they are of medium compressibility, low to medium shrink/swell potential, marginal expansive rating and low permeability. High bulk specific gravity (average of 2.61) suggests the samples are inorganic and this is supported by the consistency limits values. Generally, the results indicate the shale and claystone can be useful as stabilizing materials in civil engineering works. In addition, the marginally expansive nature of the shale and claystone, low permeability and intermediate to high plasticity may make them suitable as road subgrade.Keywords— activity, Bida Basin, Gerinya, Kaolinite, plasticity, Patti Formation

scholarly journals Influence of Submergence on Stabilization of Loess in Shaanxi Province by Adding Fly Ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samnang Phoak ◽  
Ya-Sheng Luo ◽  
Sheng-Nan Li ◽  
Qian Yin
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Swell Potential

In this study, the influence of fly ash (FA) content (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) on the alteration in the physical and mechanical parameters of loess is investigated. The influences of curing time (0, 14, and 28 days) and submergence and non-submergence conditions are analyzed as well. Analysis considers the variation in Atterberg limits (liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index), compaction parameters (optimum moisture content (OMC), and maximum dry density (MDD)), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) stress, UCS strain, California bearing ratio (CBR) value, and swell potential. Results show that the application of FA-stabilized loess (FASL) is effective. Specifically, the MDD decreases and the OMC increases, the UCS stress increases and the UCS strain decreases, the CBR value improves and the swell potential declines, but Atterberg limits are insignificantly changed by the increase in the FA ratio compared with those of untreated loess. The UCS stress and CBR value are improved with the increase in curing time, whereas the UCS strain is negligible. FASL under submergence condition plays an important role in improving the effect of FA on the UCS stress and CBR value compared with that under non-submergence condition. The UCS stress and CBR value are more increased and more decreased than the UCS strain in submerged samples. Therefore, the application of FASL in flood areas is important for obtaining sustainable construction materials and ensuring environmental protection.

scholarly journals Prediction of Compaction Parameters from Soil Index Properties Case Study: Dam Complex of Upper Atbara Project

2021 ◽  
pp. 01-09
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Field Compaction ◽  
Microsoft Office

Soil compaction involves concretion and a relative variation of physical and mechanical properties of soils. Determining laboratory compaction characteristics such as maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) could be vital work to manage field compaction for all earth-works structures. There are 3 necessary Atterberg limits: plastic limit (PL), liquid limit (LL), and Plastic Index (PI). The most objective of this paper is to get the relationships between compaction parameters and their Atterberg limits of fine-grained soils and to create reliable correlations. For conducting this work, forty samples are collected from a borrowed space that is found at the bank upstream of Setit watercourse. The tests of soil samples were executed at the laboratory of Dam complex of the upper Atbara project. To perform this work, the Microsoft Office Excel software was exercised for the regression analysis of compaction parameters and Atterberg limits. Several trials were created to get the relationships between Atterberg limits (LL, PL, and PI) with the compaction parameters (OMC, and MDD). From the regression analysis, it's found that OMC and MDD have an excellent relationship with the LL other than the PL and PI. It had been observed that the (OMC) has an excellent correlation with (MDD) other than the remaining parameters. From this work, it's going to be suggested to use the soil compaction properties and Liquid Limits' correlations attributable to their reliable results compared with the other correlations. The result of the paper may be helpful and applicable in numerous civil engineering sectors, particularly for preliminary investigations and prefeasibility studies of various civil engineering works.

scholarly journals Prior Assessment of Variability in the Geotechnical Properties of Soils for Efficient Infrastructure Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Dharamapriya ◽  
H.A.H. Jayasena
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Residual Soils ◽  
Swell Potential ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Wet Zone

Abstract Advance assessments of variations in geotechnical properties of soils are invaluable in making a crucial judgment of geotechnical engineering projects. It could drive to reduce the number of field and laboratory tests so that efficient management design and construction of infrastructure project outputs can be achieved. In this study, we aim at assessing the geotechnical properties of residual, alluvial, marshy, coastal, and compacted soils within the wet and the dry zones of Sri Lanka. Plastic limit (PL), liquid limit (LL), shrinkage limit (SL), plasticity index (PI), liquidity index (LI), compression index (Cc), swell potential (SP), activity, natural moisture content (NMC) and SPT-N values were either extracted from reports or deduced from formulas and graphs. Wet zone marshy soils (My_W) show highest statistical means for PL (~23%), LL (~40%), PI (~16 %), SL (~20 %), LI (~ 1%), Cc (~ 0.200) and NMC (~ 35%), indicating poor engineering properties. Wet zone residual soils (Re_W) represent a wide range of direct correlations to the parent material. CH, OH, CL and SM soil groups for some My_W show high expansive, while, CL, Pt/CL, OL, SC, SM in My_W, CL, and SC in Re_W and CL in Dry Zone Alluvial Soils (Al_D) display medium expansive. The higher SPT-N values were recorded in the upper 6.00m and between 12.00-16.00m for the shell of earth dams (SED_D) in the dry zone, in contrast to Al_D soils representing higher N values for 6.00-12.00m. Except for marshy soils, no vertical variation for plasticity was observed in others. Since high to medium swell potential in the unsaturated zone is encountered within the upper 1.50m, attention should pay to the My_W. LL and PI of My_W were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.83) so that an equation PI% = -1.91 + (0.46*LL%) could be used to calculate PI. The results provide baseline geotechnical property variations for the five soils in Sri Lanka so that during planning, best-calculated assessment could be achieved which could minimize time and cost for crucial geotechnical investigations.

scholarly journals Effect of Waste Engine Oil Contamination on the Geotechnical Properties of Cohesive Soils in Sulaimani City, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Nihad Bahhaaldeen Salih ◽  
Tavga Aram Abdalla ◽  
Sundus Abbas Ali
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
Waste Engine Oil

The effect of waste engine oil (WEO) contamination on the geotechnical properties of cohesive soils was investigated. Three cohesive soils were collected from three locations in Sulaimani City. Geotechnical laboratory tests were carried out included consistency properties, unconfined compression strength, swelling pressure, and compressibility properties for both of intact and contaminated soil samples. Various percentages (0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 6%) of WEO were mixed with the selected cohesive soil as a simulation of the field contamination issue. The results showed that the liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plasticity index (PI) increased as the content of WEO increased, however, experienced a decrease at 1% WEO content, thereafter an increase commenced again. The values of linear shrinkage limit, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), swelling pressure (SP) and Recompression index (Cr) decreased as the content of the WEO increased. The values of compression index (Cc) also increased at 0%, 1% and 2% WEO content, after that a little increase commenced again. WEO contaminated soil requires stabilization before using it as a construction material and/or for construction projects foundations.

scholarly journals Effects of High Plasticity and Expansive Clay Stabilization with Lime on UCS Testing in Several Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1000 (1000) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soewignjo Agus Nugroho ◽  
Gunawan Wibisono ◽  
Andarsin Ongko ◽  
Avrilly Zesthree Mauliza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
High Water ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Limit Value

Clay is a cohesive and very soft soil if it has high water content. To overcome this problem, clay soils with high plasticity need to be stabilized. The method of soil stabilization with lime is an alternative effort to improve soil that does not meet the standards. Lime reacts with groundwater so that it changes the property of the soil, reducing the stickiness and softness of the soil. Lime also functions to solidify (stabilize) and stabilize (stabilize) soil in the form of fine powder consisting of metals and inorganic mineral composition. This study aims to determine the effect of clay soils when carried out stabilization by using a limestone additive which varies in levels of mixture. The results showed that lime effective for the stabilization high plasticity and expansive clay by increasing the compressive strength value of UCS with lime content of 10% under curing conditions in 28 days and unsoaked by 319%, the liquid limit value reduced by 6% and the plastic limit value increased by 46%.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Effect of Tire Powder on the Geotechnical Properties of Clay Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Akbarimehr ◽  
Esmael Aflaki
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Problematic Soils ◽  
Geotechnical Problems ◽  
Comprehensive Study

With respect to the increasing production of tire wastes, the use of these wastes as an additive in civil engineering has always gained attentions of researchers due to their positive effects on material properties and reduction of environmental problems. Clay soils, as problematic soils, have always caused geotechnical problems including high Atterberg limits and consequently low workability. Tire powder, as one of the products of tire wastes, lacks clay cohesion and it can be effective in altering the plasticity of clay soils. As no comprehensive study has been conducted in this regard specifically on Tehran clay soil yet, this research studies experimentally the effect of adding different percentages of tire powder to clay soil at the Atterberg limits of clay soils with two different types of plasticity. More over according to previous studies, the effect of tire powder on other geotechnical properties of clay soils and the advantages and disadvantages of using tire powder in clay soils are discussed. The results indicate that addition of tire powder to clay soils has positive effects on reducing the Atterberg limits, increasing efficiency, and improving resistance, permeability, swelling reduction, and settlement properties, and reducing soil density and it can be used as an additive in improving clay soils.

Clay mineral-grain size-calcite cement relationships in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk, UK: a preliminary investigation

Clay Minerals ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Jeans ◽  
N. J . Tosca ◽  
X. F. Hu ◽  
S. Boreham
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Dioctahedral Smectite ◽  
Calcite Cement

AbstractThe idea is tested that the evolution of the Chalk’s clay mineral assemblage during diagenesis can be deduced by examining the relationships between its clay mineralogy, particle size distribution pattern, and the timing and trace element chemistry of the calcite cement. The preliminary results from five different examples of cementation developed at different stages of diagenesis in chalks with smectite-dominated clay assemblages suggest that this is a promising line of investigation. Soft chalks with minor amount of anoxic series calcite cement poor in Mg, Fe and Mn are associated with neoformed trioctahedral smectite and/or dioctahedral nontronite and talc. Hard ground chalk with extensive anoxic series calcite cement enriched in Mg and relatively high Fe, Mn and Sr are associated with neoformed glauconite sensu lato, berthierine and dioctahedral smectite, possibly enriched in Fe. The chalk associated with large ammonites shows extensive suboxic series calcite cement enriched in Mg, Mn and Fe that show no obvious correlation with its clay mineralogy. Nodular chalks with patchy suboxic series calcite cement enriched in Fe are associated with neoformed dioctahedral smectite, possibly enriched in Al, and berthierine. Regionally hardened chalk with extensive suboxic calcite cement and relatively high trace element contents contain pressure dissolution seams enriched in kaolin and berthierine. Laser-based particle-size distribution patterns suggest that each type of lithification has a typical complex clay mineral population, indicating that subtleties in mineralogy are not being identified and that there could be some control on the size and shape of the clay crystals by the different types of cementation.

Analysis of Tyrrell Sea Deposits from the Vicinity of the Victor Diamond Mine: Comparison of Three North American Clay Deposits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Lake Agassiz ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
De Beers ◽  
Limestone Aquifers

he De Beers Victor Mine is an open pit diamond mine, and is located in the James Bay lowlands. The lowlands are characterized by extensive peatlands overlying Tyrell Sea sediments. One of the potential impacts of open pit mining, and the focus of the current work, is the potential for differential subsistence in the Tyrell Sea sediments owing to continuous groundwater withdrawal from the underlying limestone aquifers. To fully understand the potential effects of subsistence, a better understanding of the nature and properties of the Tyrell Sea sediments is needed. This will be achieved by analyzing various properties of samples collected from the Victor Diamond Mine, and comparing those properties with values from Lake Agassiz sediments and Bearpaw Shale. Properties such as hydraulic conductivity, grain size, plastic and liquid limit, and mineralogy will be compared. It is expected that the samples from the Victor Mine are a rock flour dominated by clay fraction, composed mostly of finely ground carbonates. The sediments are expected to have high plasticity, low hydraulic conductivity, and moisture content too low for that of true clay.

Characterization and Granulometric Correction Soil for the Production of Soil-Cement Blocks for Two Method, Particle Size and X-Ray Florescence to be Inserted in Phase Change Materials (PCMS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Bezerra Dantas ◽  
U.U. Gomes ◽  
A.B. Vital ◽  
G.S. Marinho ◽  
Ariadne de Souza Silva
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soil Cement

This paper presents the results of tests for characterization of soil samples collected in Mossoró-RN, UFERSA-RN Campus (5 ° 12'34 .68 "South latitude, 37 ° 19 '5.74 "west longitude), for the purpose of producing soil-cement for the manufacture of pressed blocks. Objective of improving the quality of soil-cement, and provide conditions for the use of the soil making it ideal for the production of soil-cement block. Tests of compaction, particle size analysis, plastic limit, liquid limit and correct particle size, X-ray fluorescence and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was concluded that the soil needs correction particle size, due to the high clay content. The method combined grading, sieving, sedimentation and blooming X-ray as the fastest and most accurate in correcting soil particle size.

scholarly journals Microstructural and Thermo-Physical Characterization of a Water Hyacinth Petiole for Thermal Insulation Particle Board Manufacture

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adela Salas-Ruiz ◽  
María del Mar Barbero-Barrera ◽  
Trinidad Ruiz-Téllez
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Global Concern

Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a dangerous and invasive aquatic species, of which global concern has sharply risen due to its rapid growth. Despite ample research on its possible applications in the construction field, there are no clear references on the optimal use of the plant in finding the most efficient-use building material. In this paper, a microstructural and chemical characterization of the Water Hyacinth petiole was performed, in order to find the most efficient use as a construction material. Subsequently, two types of binder-less insulation panels were developed, with two types of particle size (pulp and staple). A physical, mechanical, and thermal characterization of the boards was performed. These results demonstrated that it is possible to manufacture self-supporting Water Hyacinth petiole panels without an artificial polymer matrix for thermal insulation. The boards showed good thermal conductivity values, ranging from 0.047–0.065 W/mK. In addition, clear differences were found in the properties of the boards, depending on the type of Water Hyacinth petiole particle size, due to the differences in the microstructure.

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