EFFECT OF PLANT EXTRACTS ON BACTERIAL GROWTH AND POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF ACTION

Mentha piperita and Melissa officinalis are both well-known medicinal plants that have applications in traditional medicine. In this research the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extracts of M. piperita and M. officinalis was examined against 14 bacterial strains via the microdilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ethanol extracts of both plant species ranged from 0.312 to 20 mg/mL. Standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 at a concentration of 0.312 mg/mL and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL showed the highest sensitivity to the ethanol extract of M. piperita. Ethanol extract of M. officinalis showed antibacterial activity on standard strains of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and B. subtilis ATCC 6633 at a concentration of 0.625 mg/mL. In addition to the mentioned standard strains, it showed activity on the isolate from the food Proteus spp. at a concentration of 0.312 mg/mL and isolate from the wound Proteus mirabilis at a concentration of 0.625 mg/mL. Mechanism of action of the ethanol extract of M. officinalis was examined on the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane. The effect of the extract on the increased permeability of the cell membrane was measured based on the release of proteins and the percentage of crystal violet binding. Ethanol extract of M. officinalis has been shown to act at the level of the cell membrane in the following bacterial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus and Enterococcus spp.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ACTIVITIES OF ANTI BACILLARY DYSENTRY SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE OF SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM AND DRACAENA ANGUSTIFOLIA LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.15725 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 348 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Resmi Mustarichie ◽

Sri Agung Fitri ◽

Danni Ramdhani

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Mueller Hinton ◽

Mueller Hinton Agar ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Objective: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of bay (Syzygium polyanthum W.) and suji (Dracaena angustifoliaRoxb.) leaves against Shigella dysenteriae and the amount of potassium to the discovery of anti-dysentery drug candidates.Methods: Testing activities and comparative value activities performed by the agar diffusion method, whereas the determination of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was done with the subculture media incubation test followed with microdilution method on Mueller Hinton Agar medium sterile. Potassium levels of the extract were carried out quantitatively using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results: The test results showed that the ethanol extract of both leaves had antibacterial activity against S. dysenteriae with MBC values were in the range of 10-20% w/v. Value comparative effectiveness suji leaf ethanol extract to the bay leaf was 1:0.4. Potassium levels ethanol extract of bay and suji leaves were 1.027% and 3.795%, respectively.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of bay and suji leaves has antibacterial activity against bacteria S. dysenteriae ATCC 13313. Rated comparative activity of the ethanol extract of the suji leaves with bay leaves ethanol extract was 1:0.4 which means to generating resistor diameter equal to 1 part suji leaf ethanol extract equivalent to 0.4 parts of the ethanol extract of bay leaves. The minimum kill concentration ethanol extract of bay and suji leaves ethanol extract was in the range of 10-20% w/v. Both bay and suji leaves have potential as a supplier of potassium in patients with hypokalemia dysentery.Keywords: Bay leaves, Suji leaves, Shigella dysenteriae, Potassium, Atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

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Antibacterial activity, metabolites and elemental analysis of Saussurea candicans C. B. Clarke

Current Botany ◽

10.19071/cb.2017.v8.3153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Shweta Puri ◽

M.C. Sidhu ◽

Avantika Sharma

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

Medicinal Activity

Phytochemical analysis of ethanol and water extracts of Saussurea candicans has indicated the presence of flavonoides, phenolics, tannins etc. that supports its use in traditional medicine both for human and animals in different parts of the world. S. candicans is a plant of medicinal interest hence selected for analysis. Antibacterial activity of the two extracts was tested against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Only the ethanol extract was found to be effective. Both aqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared and studied for different phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoides, phenolics, steroids etc. and also for their antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF) spectroscopy of whole plant powder were done to study the functional groups and elemental profile, respectively. The aqueous extract contains more (11) phytochemicals as compared to ethanol (9). No zone of inhibition was observed at different volumes of the extract i. e., 20μl, 50μl and 100μl but at 150μl and 200μl concentration of 230.7 mg/ml plant extracts, the zone of inhibition was reported. The dose of 150μl concentration active only against E. faecalis, whereas, 200μl concentration showed activity against all bacterial strains. Only the ethanol extract had antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria. The medicinal activity of S. candicans is assumed to be because of the presence of different phytochemicals and elements. Further study can be conducted to understand the role of each and every reported phytochemicals and elements.

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Antibacterial Activity Test of Extracts and Fractions of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes Causing Acne

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2020/1975904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Resmi Mustarichie ◽

Sulistiyaningsih Sulistyaningsih ◽

Dudi Runadi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Propionibacterium Acnes ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Active Fraction ◽

Cassava Leaves ◽

Ethanol Extracts

This study is aimed at determining antibacterial activity from ethanol extracts and the most active fraction of cassava leaves against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Research carried out by the experimental method involved determination of plants, extraction with maceration method, fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction, antibacterial activity testing of extracts and fractions by agar diffusion method, determination of most active fraction from the extract, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing of most active fraction by microdilution method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of cassava leaves had antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the most active fraction indicated by ethyl acetate. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis were in the concentration range of 2.5%–5.0% (w/v) and against P. acnes were in the concentration range of 1.25%–2.5% (w/v). The MBC value of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis was at a concentration of 5% (w/v), while P. acnes was at a concentration of 2.5% (w/v). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as on Propionibacterium acnes. The fraction with the best activity from the ethanol extract of cassava leaves to the two test bacteria was shown by ethyl acetate fraction. It is suggested that cassava leaves are possible to be developed into standardized antiacne herbal.

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Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Amidine Substituted Monocyclic β-Lactams

Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573406417666210830122954 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Lijuan Zhai ◽

Lili He ◽

Yuanbai Liu ◽

Ko Ko Myo ◽

Zafar Iqbal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Lead Target ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Clinical Interest

Background: Mononcyclic β-lactams are regarded as the most resistant class of β-lactams against a series of β-lactamases though possess limited antibacterial activity. Aztreonam being the first clinically approved monobactam needs broad-spectrum efficacy through structural modification. Objective: We strive to synthesize a number of monocyclic β-lactams by varying the substituents at N1, C3 and C4 positions of azetidinone ring and study the antimicrobial effect on variable bacterial strains. Methods: Seven new monobactam derivatives 23a-g, containing substituted-amidine moieties linked to the azetidinone ring via thiazole linker, were synthesized through multistep synthesis. The final compounds were investigated for their in vitro antibacterial activities using broth microdilution method, against ten bacterial strains of clinical interest. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of newly synthesized derivatives were compared with aztreonam, ceftazidime and meropenem, existing clinical antibiotics. Results: All compounds 23a-g showed higher antibacterial activities (MIC 0.25 µg/mL to 64 µg/mL) against tested strains as compared to aztreonam (MIC 16 µg/mL to >64 µg/mL) and ceftazidime (MIC >64 µg/mL). However all compounds, except 23d, exhibited lower antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains as compared to meropenem. Conclusion: Compound 23d showed comparable or improved antibacterial activity (MIC 0.25 µg/mL to 2 µg/mL) to meropenem (MIC 1 µg/mL to 2 µg/mL) in case of seven bacterial species. Therefore, compound 23d may be valuable lead target for further investigations against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

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Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Heracleum Sibiricum

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800931 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dragoljub L. Miladinović ◽

Budimir S. Ilić ◽

Tatjana M. Mihajilov-Krstev ◽

Dejan M. Nikolić ◽

Olga G. Cvetković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Major Chemical ◽

Total Oil ◽

Chemical Class

The composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Heracleum sibiricum L. (Apiaceae) was studied. The aerial part of plant was hydro-distilled and chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty-six compounds, corresponding to 95.12% of the total oil, were identified. Esters represented the major chemical class (69.55%) while the main constituents were octyl butanoate (36.82%), hexyl butanoate (16.08%), 1-octanol (13.62%) and octyl hexanoate (8.10%). Antibacterial activity of the essential oil and reference antibiotics against nine bacterial strains was tested by the broth microdilution method. The results of the bioassays showed that essential oil had slight antimicrobial activities against all tested microorganisms (MIC and MBC values were in the range of 2431.2 to 9724.8 μg/mL). Reference antibiotics were active in concentrations between 0.5 and 16.0 μg/mL. The results confirm that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the essential oil of H. sibiricum, in comparison with Gram-negative bacteria.

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STUDY ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRUIT EXTRACTS OF KLUTUK BANANA (MUSA BALBISIANA COLLA) AGAINST SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE ATCC 13313

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i7.18561 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 220 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sriagung Fitri Kusuma ◽

Soraya R Mita ◽

Indah Firdayani ◽

Resmi Mustarichie

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Thin Layer Plate ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Banana Fruit ◽

Musa Balbisiana ◽

Fruit Extracts ◽

Microdilution Method

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of Klutuk Banana (Musa balbisiana colla) fruit extracts against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313 and the amount of potassium to the discovery of anti-dysentery drug candidates.Methods: The simplisia of Klutuk banana fruit was extracted with ethanol using a maceration method. The phytochemical screening of ethanol extract was performed using standard procedures. Determination thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile of the extract was performed using a thin layer plate. The antibacterial activity was investigated using agar well diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by a serial microdilution method, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was done by subculturing the MIC result onto agar medium. Potassium levels of the extract were carried out quantitatively using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results: The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoids, quinones, and saponins. The TLC results prove the existence of flavonoids in the tested extract. The content of secondary metabolites that can act as an antibacterial, strengthen the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Klutuk banana against S. dysenteriae 13313 with MBC values in the range of 5-10%w/v. Potassium levels in the ethanol extract of Klutuk banana fruits contain potassium as much as 2.919% (29 190 ppm).Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Klutuk banana fruits is more potent as antibacterial against S. dysenteriae than as potassium supplier in hypokalemia therapy.

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Some endemic medicinal plants of Andamans with antimicrobial potential

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research ◽

10.21839/jaar.2016.v1i1.7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Asma Bibi ◽

A. Thangamani ◽

V. Venkatesalu

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Andaman Islands ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Endemic Plant Species

The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of some endemic plant species used in folkloric medicine by the inhabitants of Andaman Islands, India. The ethanol extracts prepared from the leaves of four plants viz; Alstonia kurzii, Tabernaemontana crispa, Mangifera andamanica and Vitex diversifolia were assessed for antibacterial activity against clinically isolated human pathogenic bacteria and antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. The ethanol extracts showed more inhibition towards Gram positive than Gram negative bacteria and the bacterial strains showed more susceptibility than the fungal strains tested. Among the plants, Vitex diversifolia exhibited the highest antibacterial activity and Mangifera andamanica showed the highest antifungal activity.

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UJI EFEK ANTELMINTIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria) TERHADAP CACING GELANG (Ascaris lumbricoides) SECARA IN VITRO

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29313 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 457

Author(s):

Tirza Roring ◽

Herny E. I. Simbala ◽

Edwin De Queljoe

Keyword(s):

Cell Membrane ◽

Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Whitney Test ◽

Post Test ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Anthelmintic Effect

ABSTRACT Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) is an endemic species of Sulawesi palm, which has unique characteristics that have been used as medicine , to treat various. Ethanol extracts of pinang yaki leaves contains tannin compounds that can inhibit the work of enzymes, interfere with digestive metabolic processes, and damage the worm cell membrane. This study aims to determine the anthelmintic effect of ethanol extract of pinang yaki leaves obtained from the Tomohon area against roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides). The sample was extracted by maceration method using ethanol solvent. The test used ethanol extracts f pinang yaki leaves with a concentration of 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. The worms were incubated at a temperature of 37ºC, and examined for 24 hours at 6 hour intervals. The number of lysis worms and paralysis was recorded every 6 hours and the data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test and continued using the Mann Whitney test. The results showed an anthelmintic effect of ethanol extracts of pinang yaki leaves on roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) in vitro.Keywords : Anthelmintic, Ethanol extracts of areca leaf, Areca vestiaria, Ascaris lumbricoides ABSTRAK Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) merupakan jenis palem endemik Sulawesi yang memiliki karakteristik yang unik telah dimanfaatkan sebagai obat, untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit. Ekstrak etanol daun pinang yaki mengandung senyawa tanin yang dapat menghambat kerja enzim, mengganggu proses metabolisme pencernaan, serta merusak membran sel cacing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya efek antelmintik dari ekstrak etanol daun pinang yaki yang diperoleh dari daerah Tomohon terhadap cacing gelang (Ascaris lumbricoides). Sampel diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Metode penelitian ini ialah eksperimen laboratorium dengan desain post test only control group. Pengujian menggunakan ekstrak etanol daun pinang yaki dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 20%. Cacing diinkubasi pada suhu 37ºC, dan diteliti selama 24 jam dengan interval waktu 6 jam. Jumlah cacing lisis dan paralisis dicatat setiap 6 jam dan selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan dilanjutkan menggunakan uji Man Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya efek antelmintik dari ekstrak etanol daun pinang yaki terhadap cacing gelang (Ascaris lumbricoides) secara in vitro. Kata kunci : Antelmintik, Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pinang Yaki, Areca vestiaria, Ascaris lumbricoides

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Assessment and antimricrobial modulating activity of the extract of Baccharis cinerea DC. from cariri cearense

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n6a2020-42278 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Cleberton Torres Santos ◽

Luiz Eduardo Oliveira Teotônio ◽

Ana Paula Leite Nascimento ◽

Darcio Luiz de Sousa Júnior ◽

Ítalo Mykaell da Silva Benjamin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Asteraceae Family

Baccharis cinerea belongs to the Asteraceae family, in Brazil is found in the Northeast and Southeast, occurring in the Caatinga and Mata Atlântica biomes, on the edges of the seasonal forests, board and altitude forests in both regenerating primary and secondary areas. Has proven antimicrobial and antiviral activity and is widely used in folk medicine for its various therapeutic effects and is used as an antiseptic for skin and wound infections, inflammation, diarrhea as well as being used as a purgative. The plants used in the traditional medicine are more and more explored scientifically because they are possible resources of substances with antimicrobial activity in front damage man’s health microorganism. In this context the objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity, modulator activity of antibiotic and in vitro phytochemical prospection of leaf ethanol extracts. Tests were performed on the bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536). The antibacterial activity was analyzed by means determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). For the evaluation of the modulating activity, the microdilution method of the diluted extract samples with the antibiotic’s amikacin, clindamycin and gentamicin was used. The MIC results were ≥ 1024 μg mL-1 by the bacterial strains. There was a relevance of concentrations in modulation with the antimicrobials tested such as amikacin and gentamicin, there were no discrepancy of clindamycin results in association with the extract. The chemical constituents found were leucoanthocyanidins, flabobenic tannins, flavanones, flavones, flavonoids, xanthones, chalcones, aurones. It is important to note that is necessary to do other studies to evaluate the potential of this species because it has important chemical compounds in reducing antimicrobial resistance.

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Effects of extraction solvent/technique on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of spring saffron (Crocus vernus (L.) Hill)

Acta Medica Saliniana ◽

10.5457/ams.v49i2.503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Emir Horozić

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Early Spring ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Spring saffron (lat. Crocus vernus (L.)Hill) is a perennial from the Iridaceae family. Purple or white coloured flowers bloom in the early spring. Saffron is commonly used in cookery, but because of its healing properties, crocus is also used in medicine for improving blood circulation, treating the cardiovascular diseases, preventing tumour and healing skin diseases. This research aimed to determine the influence of solvents (water, ethanol and acetone) on antioxidative, antimicrobial activity and the content of biologically important compounds, such as phenols and flavonoids in saffron. FRAP and DPPH methods were used to examine antioxidative activity. Antibacterial activity was analysed by using diffusion technique on bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antifungal activity was examined on Candida albicans. The results showed that the ethanol extracts have the highest antioxidant activity and the aqueous extracts have the lowest one. None of the tested extracts showed antibacterial activity, but aqueous extracts and ethanolic extract of saffron, obtained by maceration, showed antifungal activity.

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