scholarly journals Dynamics of Area Change in Vegetable Production in Karnataka

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afrin Zainab BI
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Negative Growth Rate ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Constant Area ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Negative Growth

Area under production of vegetables is increasing over the years despite the gradual fall in total cultivable area in India. Nonetheless, growth in area is not same for all the vegetables. To the assess growth in area and address its disparity, the present study was carried out for the state of Karnataka for the period 1998-99 to 2017-18. About forty percent increase in area of vegetables has been observed over the period of two decades. Among the vegetables potato, and leafy vegetables recorded negative growth rate. Inequality between districts has also been observed for growth in area under vegetables. Markov chain analysis was employed to obtain transitional probability matrix of area under different vegetables. Projection for area of individual vegetable/vegetable groups for period of eight years has been made by simulating the transition probabilities. Tomato, gourds, cole crops and other vegetables group show positive trend of area over the study period. However, onion and leafy vegetables would have more or less constant area over the projected period. The unbalanced growth within the vegetable group could impact to the economy either by affecting dietary diversity or increasing import dependency for vegetables.

scholarly journals FERTILITY PROPERTIES AND LEAFY VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SOILS FERTILIZED WITH CATTLE MANURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ RICARDO MANTOVANI ◽  
MARCIZA CARRERA ◽  
JOHN LENNON ALVARENGA MOREIRA ◽  
DOUGLAS JOSÉ MARQUES ◽  
ADRIANO BORTOLOTTI DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Lettuce Seedling ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Mineral Base

ABSTRACT The effect of organic fertilization with cattle manure on fertility properties of soils with different clay contents was evaluated; as well as the influence of cattle manure fertilization on the production of lettuce, and on subsequent arugula and common chicory grown in these soils. The experiment with pot plants was arranged in randomized blocks and analyzed in a 3x6 factorial design with four replications. The treatments consisted of three soil types with different clay contents (166; 362; 565 g kg-1) and six cattle manure rates (0; 10; 20; 40; 80, and 160 t ha-1). Batches of each soil were manured, limed, filled in pots, moistened, and incubated for 30 days. Then, mineral base fertilization was applied and one lettuce seedling per each pot was grown. After lettuce harvest, the residual effect of organic fertilization was assessed in two subsequent crops, first arugula and then common chicory. The application of up to 160 t ha-1 cattle manure reduces soil acidity and increases nutrient contents, particularly of P, K and Zn, in soils with 165 to 565 g kg-1 clay content. Fertilization with cattle manure at rates of up to 160 t ha-1 increases electrical conductivity of soils, without affecting growth and yield of the leafy vegetables. Cattle manuring increases the yield of lettuce, as well as of arugula and common chicory grown afterwards.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity in Cambodian Garment Workers: The Role of Free Lunch Provision

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Makurat ◽  
Eleonore Kretz ◽  
Frank Wieringa ◽  
Chhoun Chamnan ◽  
Michael Krawinkel
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Garment Workers ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The objective of this paper is to compare food consumption by Cambodian garment workers with and without access to a free model lunch provision through a factory-based canteen. Data from an exploratory randomised controlled trial were analysed. In total, 223 female Cambodian garment workers were allocated to an intervention arm (six-month lunch provision) or a control arm. Dietary intake on workdays was assessed by qualitative 24-h recalls at baseline and twice at follow-ups during the period of lunch provision using the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) guideline on assessing women’s dietary diversity. In total, 158 participants provided complete data on the dietary intake over workdays at all interviews. Lunch provision resulted in a more frequent consumption of dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), vitamin A-rich fruits, other fruits, and oils and fats during lunch breaks. In contrast, flesh meats, legumes, nuts and seeds, as well as sweets, were eaten at a lower frequency. Except for a higher consumption rate of vitamin A-rich fruits and a lower intake frequency of sweets, lunch provision had a less clear impact on total 24-h intake from different food groups and was not associated with a higher women’s dietary diversity score (WDDS). A more gap-oriented design of the lunch sets taking into account underutilised foods and the nutritional status of the workers is recommended.

scholarly journals A sink host allows a specialist herbivore to persist in a seasonal source

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1958) ◽  
pp. 20211604
Author(s):  
Alicja Laska ◽  
Sara Magalhães ◽  
Mariusz Lewandowski ◽  
Ewa Puchalska ◽  
Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Negative Growth Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Rescue ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Negative Growth

In seasonal environments, sinks that are more persistent than sources may serve as temporal stepping stones for specialists. However, this possibility has to our knowledge, not been demonstrated to date, as such environments are thought to select for generalists, and the role of sinks, both in the field and in the laboratory, is difficult to document. Here, we used laboratory experiments to show that herbivorous arthropods associated with seasonally absent main (source) habitats can endure on a suboptimal (sink) host for several generations, albeit with a negative growth rate. Additionally, they dispersed towards this host less often than towards the main host and accepted it less often than the main host. Finally, repeated experimental evolution attempts revealed no adaptation to the suboptimal host. Nevertheless, field observations showed that arthropods are found in suboptimal habitats when the main habitat is unavailable. Together, these results show that evolutionary rescue in the suboptimal habitat is not possible. Instead, the sink habitat functions as a temporal stepping stone, allowing for the persistence of a specialist when the source habitat is gone.

scholarly journals Income Level but Not Nutrition Knowledge Is Associated with Dietary Diversity of Rural Pregnant Women from Northern Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Amoako Agyei ◽  
Stephen Kofi Afrifa ◽  
Adam Munkaila ◽  
Patience Kanyiri Gaa ◽  
Eugene Dogkotenge Kuugbee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Essential Nutrients

Essential nutrients are necessary for reducing the risk of maternal mortality, prenatal mortality, and low-birthweight infants. Dietary diversity can play an important role in supplying essential nutrients to both the mother and the foetus. We evaluated nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and dietary diversity of pregnant women. In addition, we investigated the sociodemographic determinants of dietary diversity among pregnant women from a rural district in Ghana. Participants were pregnant women receiving antenatal care from a rural district hospital in Ghana. Dietary diversity was measured using a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of dietary diversity. About 85% of the pregnant women knew that they should eat more in comparison to nonpregnant women, and only 16.9% knew the importance of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy. Mean (SD) dietary diversity score of the participants was 5.27 (1.35), 85.4% did not consume any fruits, and 82.3% did not take milk and milk products. Almost all participants took at least one food item in the starchy staples and green leafy vegetables food groups. Moreover, 53% consumed vitamin A-rich fruits, vegetables, and tubers; 7.7% organ meats; and 30.8% eggs. Those who earned a monthly income of ≥GHC 500 or US$ 87 (B = 1.82; 0.90–2.73; p < 0.001 ) significantly had higher dietary diversity scores compared to those who earned less. Dietary diversity of the pregnant women was suboptimal. The consumption of vitamin A- and iron-rich foods was inadequate. Income was an important determinant of the dietary diversity of pregnant women from Northern rural Ghana.

scholarly journals Growth in Vegetable Production and its Decomposition in Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afrin Zainab Bi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Cole Crops ◽  
Indian Agriculture

Vegetables are important constituents of Indian agriculture and nutritional security. Along with health benefits, vegetables help in flourishing countries economy, as it provides a great opportunity for income and employment generation for the farming sector. The study has an objective to understand the extent of growth each vegetable experiencing and to derive the major factor for the growth in Karnataka, utilizing time-series data. The total area showed an increasing trend over the period with about 40 % increase in a span of two decades. However, figures for increased production were more appealing than its area, as it has shown 60 % increase. Total production of vegetables in Karnataka has increased from 42 lakh tonnes in 1998-99 to 68 lakh tonnes in 2018-19, with an annual growth rate of 3.9 %. The highest growth in production was observed in onion (7.5% annually) followed by tomato and cole crops. The area effect was the most responsible factor for increasing production of tomato, onion, guards, cole crops and other vegetables group. Thus, in effect for overall vegetables, it is 66 % of the total increased production effect. However, for potato and leafy vegetables, only yield effect was found to be positively contributing to the production.

scholarly journals Recent trends in employees’ earnings inequality in Portugal: A quantitative analysis between 1986 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-360
Author(s):  
Marta Simões ◽  
Adelaide Duarte ◽  
João Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Negative Growth

This paper examines employees? earnings inequality in Portugal for 1986-2017 using data from the Personnel Records database. Our objective is twofold: (a) characterize earnings inequality by comparing representative distributions, before and after the great crisis; and (b) investigate the role played by the business cycle on the behaviour of earnings inequality by estimating Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADL) models. To identify trends and variations along the trend in earnings inequality we use cardinal measures and the coefficient of variation. We inspect the characteristics of earnings distributions in terms of moments (mean and median) and polarization (using relative distributions analysis). The main findings are: (1) earnings inequality shows a positive trend (except during the great crisis); (2) polarization is present in every year, with lower polarisation prevailing over upper polarization, both evolving at different paces (very fast 1989-2002; slower pace 2002-2008; negative growth 2008-2017); (3) the business cycle relationship with earnings inequality is negative.

Identification of Stable and High Yielding Dual Season Genotypes in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidramappa . ◽  
P.H. Kuchanur ◽  
M. Shobharani ◽  
B. Arunkumar ◽  
S.A. Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Negative Growth Rate ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Horizontal Expansion ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
Negative Growth ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Background: The production of pulses recorded a negative growth rate due to stagnation in expansion of pulse growing area and very slow progress in the improvement of productivity of important pulses. Therefore, there is urgent need to increase the area under pulse crops by promoting them into new areas and seasons. Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is third most important pulse crop both in acreage and production in India and hence, identification of high yielding dual season (kharif and summer) stable blackgram genotypes is very crucial for horizontal expansion of crop, which in turn leading to increased production. The present study was thus envisaged to identify stable, high yielding dual season (kharif and summer) genotypes. Methods: Twenty-five blackgram genotypes were evaluated at three different locations during kharif and summer seasons to identify high yielding, stable and suitable for dual season. The data obtained from six environments was subjected to stability analysis as per Eberhart and Russell (1966).Result: Analysis of variance for stability revealed that variance due to genotypes, environment and environment + (genotype × environment) were highly significant for all the characters. The genotypes viz., TRCRU-136, BDU-20, BDU-18, AKU-15 and TRCRU-22 were found early maturing with wider adaptability to unfavourable environments. While, BDU-18 and LBG-465 were found stable in expression with high mean performance across the six environments for 100-seed weight. From the present study, six promising stable genotypes viz., BDU-17, TRCRU-22, BDU-18, TRCRU-339, TRCRU-18 and IC 436778 were identified for cultivation during kharif as well as summer seasons. 

scholarly journals Productivity of Selected African Leafy Vegetables under Varying Water Regimes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 916
Author(s):  
Innocent Maseko ◽  
Bhekumthetho Ncube ◽  
Samson Tesfay ◽  
Melake Fessehazion ◽  
Albert Thembinkosi Modi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Content Index ◽  
African Leafy Vegetables

African leafy vegetables (ALVs) are nutrient dense and can contribute to crop and dietary diversity, especially in water-stressed environments. However, research on their productivity under limited water availability remains scant. The objective of the study was to evaluate growth, physiology and yield responses of three ALVs (Vigna unguiculata, Corchorus. Olitorius and Amaranthus cruentus) and a reference vegetable (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) to varying water regimes [30%, 60% and 100% of crop water requirement (ETc)]. Field trials using a randomised complete block design, replicated three times, were conducted over two summer seasons, 2015/16 and 2016/17. Leaf number, plant height, chlorophyll content index (CCI), chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), and yield were measured in situ. For A. cruentus and C. olitorius, water stress (30% ETc) was shown to produce a lower yield, although leaf number, plant height and chlorophyll content index were unaffected, while for B. vulgaris, leaf number and yield were reduced by water stress. For V. unguiculata, CF, CCI, plant height, leaf number, and yield were not affected by water stress, indicating its suitability for production in water scarce environments. Using 60% ETc was suitable for the production of A. cruentus, C. olitorius and B. vulgaris var. cicla, whereas 30% ETc is recommended for V. unguiculata. The yield results of V. unguiculata indicate that it performs better, while the yield of A. cruentus and C. olitorius is comparable to that of B. vulgaris under similar conditions, indicating potential for marginal production.

scholarly journals Considerations for the design of nutrition-sensitive production programmes in rural South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Hendriks ◽  
A. Viljoen ◽  
D. Marais ◽  
F. A. M. Wenhold ◽  
A. M. McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Home Consumption

Abstract Background Very little has been researched about the efficacy, effectiveness, feasibility, sustainability and impact of food-based approaches on the diets and nutritional status of populations at risk of hunger and food insecurity. This study contributes knowledge about the impact of food-based approaches on the diets of populations at risk of hunger and food insecurity in four of the poorest rural communities in South Africa. The study investigated the consumption and production patterns of rural households (278 in summer and 280 in winter) in four sites in the poorest municipalities in South Africa. Methods A multistage stratified random sampling technique was applied to identify the communities and sample households for the quantitative survey and qualitative assessments. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected between 2013 and 2015 through focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews and the two-round panel survey to cover both the summer and winter seasons at each site. Results Home gardening led to a significant positive increase in the consumption of white roots and tubers, dark green leafy vegetables, orange-coloured fruit and other fruit in the 24 h prior to the survey. Participation in a community garden led to significant increases in the consumption of dark green leafy vegetables and other vegetables. School gardening did not demonstrate any statistical relationships with the consumption of foods from the crop-related food groups. Crop production improved dietary diversity. Selling produce and irrigation showed a stronger improvement in dietary diversity. Seasonality affected the availability of fresh fruit and vegetables for home consumption in winter. Conclusions Producing beyond that solely for home consumption has greater benefits for dietary diversity and a consumption-smoothing effect during the post-harvest period. Politicians and the scientific community should recognise the role that household and small-scale crop production plays in supporting household consumption and the provision of essential micronutrients despite constraints and disincentives. Production and education programmes should focus on strengthening existing good consumption patterns and promoting the consumption of foods that can improve dietary diversity.

scholarly journals Dietary Practices of Men in Bangladesh: Evidence from the National Nutrition Surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 549-549
Author(s):  
Malay Mridha ◽  
Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽  
Md Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables Intake ◽  
Slum Areas

Abstract Objectives Bangladesh has a paucity of information about the dietary practices of adult men. In the recently completed round of the national nutrition surveillance (NNS 2018–2019), we explored the dietary practices of adult men and factors associated with insufficient dietary diversity (IDD) and insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. Methods In the NNS, between October 2018 and 2019, we collected data from from 82 clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban, and 10 slums) selected using multistage cluster sampling. In these clusters we interviewed and took physical measurements of 4904 20–59 years old men (3471 in rural, 832 in urban, and 601 in slum). We used minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) questionnaire to collect dietary data. IDD was defined as consumption of &lt; 5 food groups out of 10 food groups, and insufficient fruits and vegetables intake was defined as consumption of &lt; 5 servings of fruits and vegetables in the past 24 hours. Results The prevalence of IDD was 53% (54% in rural, 42% in non-slum urban, and 56% in slum areas) among the adult men. In the past 24 hours, 73% consumed meat/fish/poultry, 28% consumed eggs, and 22% consumed dairy products. The consumption of dark green leafy vegetables, vitamin A rich fuits and vegetables, other vegetables, other fruits was 34%, 22%, 73%, and 37%, respectively. Among the respondents, 27% had savory snacks, 52% had sweets, and 75% had sugary drinks. The prevalence of insufficient fruits and vegetables intake was 86% (83% in rural, 92% in non-slum urban and 93% in slum areas). IDD was associated with education (partial secondary education: Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.67, P &lt; 0.001; ≥10 years of schooling: AOR 0.48, P &lt; 0.001), and sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables (AOR 0.82, P = 0.022). On the other hand, insufficient fruits and vegetables intake was associated with IDD (AOR 1.23, P = 0.014), hypertension (AOR 0.77, P = 0.020) and adequate physical activity (AOR 0.46, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions More than half of the men aged 20–59 years consume an inadequately diversified diet in Bangladesh and 86% had insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. This study identified a number of factors associated with IDD, and insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. The government of Bangladesh should address them while developing interventions to improve nutrition. Funding Sources Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document