DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE COMPOSITION AND MODES OF OBTAINING THE BIODEGRADABLE GREASE WITH THE LITHIUM-CALCIUM THICKENER

It is noted that the development of biodegradable lubricants is an integral part of the development of a modern “green” economy. The distinctive features of the proposed method are described for producing a biodegradable grease on a mixed lithium-calcium thickener, providing for the introduction of alkaline initial components of the dispersed phase (lithium hydroxide monohydrate and calcium hydroxide) into the reaction mass not in the form of their aqueous solutions, but in a powdery state, and the exception of prolonged exposure to water and high temperature on a component of a dispersion medium of plant origin (rapeseed oil) in the process of lubricant synthesis. Along with this, it was proposed to use a highly refined oil of group III according to the API (American Petroleum Institute) standard as a mineral component of the dispersion medium. This provides, in aggregate, the higher stability of the rheological and tribological characteristics of the grease (for at least 12 months) at a given level of biodegradability. The experimental-statistical mathematical model of the process of obtaining the biodegradable lithium-calcium grease is developed, which makes it possible to determine the parameters of the component composition (the content of the mixed lithium-calcium thickener in the grease and the content of lithium stearate in the mixed thickener) and the synthesis modes (the heat treatment temperature of the reaction mass) to achieve the given level of the main characteristics of the finished grease (penetration, dropping point) while ensuring its biodegradability of at least 80 %.

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EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF BUZACHI OIL

Neft i gaz ◽

10.37878/2708-0080/2020-5.042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (120) ◽

pp. 109-118

Author(s):

G.A. GABSATTAROVA ◽

◽

L.E. BORANBAYEVA ◽

ZH.K. NAURUZBEKOV ◽

Y.V. BLAGIKH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Pour Point ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Component Composition ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Rheological Parameters ◽

Main Pipeline ◽

Flow Curves ◽

Oil Mixtures

The article is dedicated to experimental study of the effects of heat treatment on the rheological characteristics of oil mixtures transported via the Uzen-Atyrau-Samara main pipeline. The research studied the influence of the component composition of oil to its receptivity of the heat treatment temperature and the optimal treatment parameters within the studied scope were identified. The article presents dependence charts of the oil rheological properties (shear stress, effective viscosity, pour point, plastic viscosity) on the heat treatment parameters and the flow curves of untreated and 110 НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2020 6 (120) ТРАНСПОРТИРОВКА treated oil. From the data obtained in laboratory experiments, conclusions on the dependence of rheological properties of the heat treatment parameters are made.

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF THE BIODEGRADABLE LIQUID LUBRICANT FOR SAW CHAINS

Mechanics of Machines, Mechanisms and Materials ◽

10.46864/1995-0470-2021-3-56-70-82 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (56) ◽

pp. 70-82

Author(s):

Viktor I. ZHORNIK ◽

◽

Andrey V. ZAPOLSKY ◽

Anton V. IVAKHNIK ◽

Alexander M. PARNITSKY ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kinematic Viscosity ◽

Viscosity Index ◽

Component Composition ◽

Sedimentation Stability ◽

Refined Oil ◽

Group Iii ◽

Liquid Lubricant ◽

Calcium Sulfonate ◽

Optimization Parameters ◽

The Stability

The procedure of working out of the component composition of the biodegradable liquid lubricant for the saw chains is shown. The experimental statistical mathematical model is developed for the optimization of the formulation of the main base taking into account the necessary viscosity and temperature parameters. At the same time the kinematic viscosity of the base body at the temperature of 40 °C and its pure point are chosen as the optimization criteria and the following three factors are used as the optimization parameters: the content of vegetable (rapeseed) oil in the composition, the viscosity of mineral oil at the temperature of 40 °C and the content of an adhesive additive in the base composition. The component composition of the lubricant is adjusted to achieve the required level of tribological properties of the saw chain oil and to ensure the stability of all its characteristics during storage (at least 12 months) and operation at a given level of biodegradability (at least 90 %). In particular, the biodegradable calcium sulfonate grease OIMOL KSC BIO was selected as an additive to improve tribological parameters. The special adhesive additive for vegetable oils of the Petrolad 484BD brand is used to increase the sedimentation stability, and the highly refined oil of group III according to the API standard is recommended to use as a mineral component. The developed lubricant has the following characteristics: density at 15 °C — 926 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C — 47.3 mm2/s, kinematic viscosity at 100 °C — 9.9 mm2/s, viscosity index — 202, pour point — –28 °C, flash point — 272 °C, critical load — 872 N, welding load — 1,600 N, wear index at 200 N — 0.39 mm, biodegradability — 93 %.

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Electrophoretic patterns of gliadin as markers of genotypes in the analysis of the durum wheat landrace Kubanka

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2020-4-127-135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 181 (4) ◽

pp. 127-135

Author(s):

T. I. Peneva ◽

O. A. Lyapunova

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Component Composition ◽

Group Iii ◽

Electrophoretic Patterns ◽

Group I ◽

Unique Material ◽

European Part Of Russia ◽

The Usa

Background. The collection of durum wheat landraces (Triticum durum Desf.) at VIR contains unique material of the “Russian northern branch”, which is not found in any other collections worldwide. Studying the genetic diversity of such wheat accessions according to their gliadin bands as markers of genotypes is important for identification and conservation of their gene pool authenticity.Materials and methods. For the first time, molecular markers were used to differentiate among 38 accessions of the local durum wheat variety known under the name of “Kubanka”, collected and placed into the VIR collection in the 1910–1940s, and five accessions from the seed genebanks of the USA and Canada. Electrophoretic patterns of gliadin were used as markers of genotypes within the polymorphic cultivar. Recording bands in the form of “protein formulas” allows the researcher to evaluate the polymorphism of each accession and the diversity within the collection. Gliadin analysis was performed on single grains according to the standard method adopted at VIR and approved by ISTA.Results and conclusions. Fourteen major biotypes marked with gliadin bands were identified. Depending on the component composition of the α-zone encoded by alleles of the GLI-2A locus, biotypes were combined into 4 groups. Within the groups, biotypes are determined by alleles of the GLI-1A, GLI-1B, GLI2B loci. Genetically close monotypic accessions and polytypic ones incorporating 2 to 6 biotypes were identified. Group I is typical for the European part of Russia as well as for Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Accessions of this group can be attributed to the Volga steppe ecotype. Group II biotypes are widespread in Altai Territory, Orenburg and Astrakhan Provinces of Russia; Group III in Stavropol Territory, Russia, and Kyrgyzstan; Group IV only in Altai Territory. The greatest genetic diversity was exhibited by the ‘Kubanka’ accessions from Altai and Krasnodar Territories, and Kyrgyzstan.

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Ultrastructural Lesions Produced by Alcohol and Sucrose in the Heart and Liver of C57BL Mice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100068035 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 208-209

Author(s):

K.K. SEKHRI ◽

C.S. ALEXANDER ◽

H.T. NAGASAWA

Keyword(s):

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Male Mice ◽

Alcohol Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

C57bl Mice ◽

Group Ii

C57BL male mice (Jackson Lab., Bar Harbor, Maine) weighing about 18 gms were randomly divided into three groups: group I was fed sweetened liquid alcohol diet (modified Schenkl) in which 36% of the calories were derived from alcohol; group II was maintained on a similar diet but alcohol was isocalorically substituted by sucrose; group III was fed regular mouse chow ad lib for five months. Liver and heart tissues were fixed in 2.5% cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon-araldite.

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The Quantitative Ultrastructure of the Heart Muscle of Japanese Quail by Hypergravitation, Hypodynamy and Combination

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100158480 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 188-189

Author(s):

Anton Bózner ◽

Mikuláš Gažo ◽

Jozef Dostál

Keyword(s):

Japanese Quail ◽

Heart Muscle ◽

Relative Size ◽

Combination Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Group V ◽

Group Iii ◽

Space Flights ◽

Group I ◽

Quantitative Ultrastructure

It is anticipated that Japanese quail /Coturnix coturnix japonica/ will provide animal proteins in long term space flights. Consequently this species of birds is of research interest of international space program INTERCOSMOS. In the year 1987 we reported on an experiment /2/ in which the effect of chronic acceleration of 2 G hypergravitation, the hypodynamy and the simultaneous effect of chronic acceleration and the location in the centre of the turntable of the centrifuge on the protein fractions in skeletal muscles was studied. The ultrastructure of the heart muscle was now in this experiments examined as well.Japanese quail cockerels, aged 48 days were exposed to 2 G hypergravitation /group IV/ in a 6,4 m diameter centrifuge, to hypodynamy /group III/ and their combination /group V/, respectively for 6 days / Fig.1/. The hypodynamy in group III was achieved by suspending the birds in jackets without contact the floor. The group II was located in the centre ofthe turntable of the centrifuge. The control group I. was kept under normal conditions. The quantitative ultrastructure of myocard was evaluated by the methods of Weibel/3/ - this enables to determine the number, relative size and volume of mitochondria volume of single mitochondria, defficiency of mitochondrial cristae and volume of myofibrils.

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