scholarly journals Electrophoretic patterns of gliadin as markers of genotypes in the analysis of the durum wheat landrace Kubanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
T. I. Peneva ◽  
O. A. Lyapunova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
The Usa

Background. The collection of durum wheat landraces (Triticum durum Desf.) at VIR contains unique material of the “Russian northern branch”, which is not found in any other collections worldwide. Studying the genetic diversity of such wheat accessions according to their gliadin bands as markers of genotypes is important for identification and conservation of their gene pool authenticity.Materials and methods. For the first time, molecular markers were used to differentiate among 38 accessions of the local durum wheat variety known under the name of “Kubanka”, collected and placed into the VIR collection in the 1910–1940s, and five accessions from the seed genebanks of the USA and Canada. Electrophoretic patterns of gliadin were used as markers of genotypes within the polymorphic cultivar. Recording bands in the form of “protein formulas” allows the researcher to evaluate the polymorphism of each accession and the diversity within the collection. Gliadin analysis was performed on single grains according to the standard method adopted at VIR and approved by ISTA.Results and conclusions. Fourteen major biotypes marked with gliadin bands were identified. Depending on the component composition of the α-zone encoded by alleles of the GLI-2A locus, biotypes were combined into 4 groups. Within the groups, biotypes are determined by alleles of the GLI-1A, GLI-1B, GLI2B loci. Genetically close monotypic accessions and polytypic ones incorporating 2 to 6 biotypes were identified. Group I is typical for the European part of Russia as well as for Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Accessions of this group can be attributed to the Volga steppe ecotype. Group II biotypes are widespread in Altai Territory, Orenburg and Astrakhan Provinces of Russia; Group III in Stavropol Territory, Russia, and Kyrgyzstan; Group IV only in Altai Territory. The greatest genetic diversity was exhibited by the ‘Kubanka’ accessions from Altai and Krasnodar Territories, and Kyrgyzstan. 

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Corticosteroid Tapes and Plasters for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars

2020 ◽  
pp. 491-496
Author(s):  
Rei Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Hypertrophic Scars ◽  
First Line ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIn Japan, corticosteroid tapes and plasters have long served as a first-line therapy for keloids and hypertrophic scars. Pediatric patients are particularly responsive to this type of treatment. This may reflect the fact children have thinner skin than adults and the steroids are therefore more easily absorbed. The postoperative application of corticosteroid tapes/plasters also significantly prevents the development of keloids and hypertrophic scars after surgery. Steroid tape is available in the following three countries in different preparations. In the UK, the commercially available formulation comprises a fludroxycortide-impregnated tape (4 μg/cm2). Fludroxycortide tape is a Group III preparation. The USA has a steroid tape preparation that contains 4 μg/cm2 flurandrenolide, which is also a Group III preparation. In Japan, two steroid tape formulations are available, namely, the Group III preparation found in the UK (4 μg/cm2 fludroxycortide tape) and a 20 μg/cm2 deprodone propionate tape. Deprodone propionate tape is considered to be a Group I or II preparation. In our experience, deprodone propionate tape (Eclar® plaster) is the most effective tape for the treatment and prevention of keloids.

scholarly journals DIVERSITAS GENETIK TUJUH AKSESI PLASMA NUTFAH PINANG (Areca catechu L.) ASAL PULAU SUMATERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
MIFTAHORRACHMAN MIFTAHORRACHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Know How ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Group I ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Experimental Garden

ABSTRAK<br />Analisis jarak genetik dilakukan terhadap tujuh populasi pinang<br />(Areca catechu L.), yaitu Sumut-1, Sumut-2, Sumbar-1, Sumbar-2,<br />Sumbar-3, Bengkulu-1 dan Bengkulu-2 hasil eksplorasi pada tahun 1994<br />dan telah dikoleksi di kebun koleksi plasma nutfah palma Kayuwatu,<br />Sulawesi Utara. Tujuan analisis adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar<br />jarak  genetik  antara  ke  tujuh  aksesi  pinang  sekaligus  untuk<br />mengelompokkan ketujuh aksesi tersebut. Analisis menggunakan Uji<br />Statistik D 2 dari Mahalanobis, sedangkan untuk pengelompokan populasi<br />menggunakan metode Tocher yang dikemukakan oleh RAO dalam SINGH<br />dan CHAUDARY. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ketujuh aksesi<br />pinang membentuk 4 kelompok yaitu, kelompok I terdiri dari aksesi<br />Sumbar-1 dan Sumut-1; kelompok II terdiri dari 3 aksesi yaitu Sumbar-3,<br />Sumut-2 dan Bengkulu-1; kelompok III dan kelompok IV masing-masing<br />hanya terdapat satu aksesi yaitu Sumbar-2 dan Bengkulu-2. Jarak genetik<br />paling jauh adalah antara kelompok I dan II dengan nilai D 2 = 1263.137.<br />Sementara jarak genetik antar kelompok terdekat adalah antara kelompok I<br />dan III dengan nilai D 2 = 108.587. Penyumbang terbesar terjadinya<br />pengelompokan tersebut adalah karakter jumlah bekas daun.<br />Kata kunci : Pinang, Areca catechu L., populasi, jarak genetik, Sulawesi<br />Utara<br />ABSTRACT<br />Genetic diversity of seven arecanut (Areca catechu L.)<br />accessions from Sumatera Island<br />Genetic divergence analysis has been done on seven arecanut<br />(Areca catechu L.) populations, i.e, Sumut-1, Sumut-2, Sumbar-1,<br />Sumbar-2, Sumbar-3, Bengkulu-1, and Bengkulu-2 explorated in 1994 and<br />had been collected in Kayuwatu Experimental Garden, North Sulawesi.<br />The purpose of the analysis was to know how far the genetic distance<br />among the seven accessions of the arecanut. The analysis used D 2 statistics<br />of Mahalanobis, while to cluster the population used Tocher Method by<br />Rao. The result showed that there are four groups among the seven<br />accessions of arecanut. Group I consisted of Sumbar-1 and Sumut-1, group<br />II consisted of Sumbar-3, Sumut-2, and Bengkulu-1, and both of group III<br />and group IV consisted of one accession, namely Sumbar-2 and Bengkulu-<br />2 respectively. The largest genetic distance occurred between group I and<br />group II (D 2 = 1263.137) while the smallest genetic distance occurred<br />between group I and group III (D 2 = 108.587). Number of leaf scars was<br />the largest contribution of the grouping.<br />Key words : Arecanut, Areca catehcu L., population, genetic distance,<br />North Sulawesi

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Dendrobium Nobile in Southwest of China Based On Genotyping-by-Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao He ◽  
Changrong Ye ◽  
Qin Zeng ◽  
Xiaoli Fan ◽  
Tianfang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Dendrobium Nobile ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quality Value

Abstract Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is one of the most important Orchid plants worldwide. The genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) method has now been widely used to access genetic diversity because of its high-throughput and cost-effective in molecular markers. The goal of this study was to employ the GBS technique for diversity evaluation of D. nobile and determine genetic differences between populations. A total of 129 accessions of D. nobile collected originally between 2019 and 2020 from 10 imitation-wild cultivated populations growing in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan of southwestern China were sequenced, a total of 135G clean reads and a total of 836,786 SNPs of high quality data was yielded and were used for final analysis of genetic diversity and population structure. The quality value 20(Q20) ≥ 92.61%, the quality value 30(Q30) ≥ 82.38%. The GC contents distributed between 37.58% and 38.82%. It was also found that more transitions than transversions, and the ratio of transition/transversion varied from 1.804 to 1.911. By the methods of STRUCTURE, the most appropriate number was found to be k=3, all accessions of D. nobile were classified into three groups, excepts for 14 accessions belonging to admixed group. Phylogenetic tree and principal component analysis (PCA) were consistent with the result. The first two principal components explained a total of 23.25% of the variation by PCA. The genetic diversity of ML population showed the lower genetic diversity as indicated by the effective number of alleles (Ne) = 1.287, polymorphism information content (PIC) = 0.141, and Shannon's information index (I) = 0.205, while WT population showed slightly higher genetic diversity by the Ne =1.512, PIC =0.256, and I =0.360. ML population and other nine populations (FB, FM, FX, LJ, SJ, SP, WL, WT and XM) were the most divergent between them respectively owing to all pairwise Fst values above 0.25, while FM population and FX population were considered identical because the pairwise Fst value was 0.0 between the two populations. Correlation analysis showed that highly significant correlation was observed between genetic distance and actual geographical distance (r = 0.854, P < 0.0001), indicating that the genetic differentiation of the 10 D.nobile populations conformed to the geographical isolation model. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the genetic variation was greater within populations (87.8%) than among populations (12.2%). This confirmed that intra-population variation was the main source of genetic variation in 10 D. nobile populations. The results also showed that Nm = 1.799 > 1, indicating that there was gene exchange between different populations. Analysis of unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) suggested that the 10 populations were classified into three groups (Group I, Group II and Group III), Group III could be further divided into two subgroups (Group IIIa and Group IIIb). The results will not only provide valuable information for the level of genetic diversity of D.nobile growing in southwestern of China but also help for formulation of strategies for resource protection and utilization. Moreover, GBS appears as an efficient tool to detect intra-population variation.

Presence of Classical Enterotoxin Genes, agr Typing, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genetic Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus from Milk of Cows with Mastitis in Southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABELA S. KRONING ◽  
MARIANA A. IGLESIAS ◽  
KARLA S. MENDONÇA ◽  
GRACIELA V. LOPES ◽  
WLADIMIR P. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Distinct Area ◽  
Group I ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis a common causative agent of bovine mastitis in dairy cows and commonly associated with foodborne disease outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of enterotoxin genes, agr typing, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic diversity of S. aureus isolated from milk of cows with mastitis in dairy farms from southern Brazil. Results showed that 7 (22.6%) of 31 S. aureus isolates were positive for enterotoxin genes. Specifically, the genes encoding for enterotoxins A (n = 4), C (n = 2), and B (n = 1) were detected. Isolates belonging to the agr group III (10 of 31, 32.2%) and agr group I (7 of 31, 22.5%) were the most common. To our knowledge, this is the first report of both agr I and III in the same S. aureus isolate from milk of cows with bovine mastitis. The antimicrobial resistance test showed that 54% of the isolates were multiresistant to antimicrobial agents. The macrorestriction analysis produced 16 different major SmaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, with up to two subpatterns. Moreover, the presence of some S. aureus clones in a distinct area was observed. Although this study characterized a limited number of S. aureus isolates, the presence of classical enterotoxin genes and resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents reinforces the importance of this microorganism to animal and human health. In addition, similar genetic profiles have been identified in distinct geographic areas, suggesting clonal dissemination of S. aureus in dairy herds from southern Brazil.

scholarly journals Starting material for breeding spring emmer (Triticum dicoccum shrank.) of groats use

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
L. Vecherska ◽  
V. Liubych ◽  
L. Relina ◽  
O. Golik ◽  
V. Suchkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Group I ◽  
Kjeldahl Digestion ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Aim. To explore sources of high groats properties among the genetic diversity of emmer and related species. Methods. Biochemical: The protein content was determined by Kjeldahl digestion; the starch content – by infrared spectroscopy. Technological: the vitreousness was determined by cutting 100 caryopses and expressed as percent- ages. The hull content, expressed in percent, was estimated as the ratio of hulled caryopses to the total of fully threshed ones. The gluten content and quality were assessed by manual washing-out. The hardness was determined on a YPD-300 hardness tester (Ltpm China) as the force in newtons required for caryopsis destruction. Emmer groats were obtained on a laboratory peeler UShZ-1. The groats properties were evaluated according to the method described in a utility model patent No. 129205. Statistical: the significance of differences between accessions was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test for small samples with unknown distribution. Two-factor analysis of vari- ance considered 2 factors – genotype and year conditions. Pearson’s test was used in the correlation analysis. The variability of traits was assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV). Results. The yields of emmer and durum wheat accessions and varieties as well as lines derived from emmer-wheat hybrids were measured and analyzed in 2016–2019. The yields of most emmer accessions (except for T. timopheevii) were similar to that of the check em- mer variety Holikovska (286 ± 15 g/m2). The highest contents of protein and gluten were found in T. timopheevii (18.1 ± 0.4 % and 40.5 ± 1.8 %, respectively), Triticum durum Desf. var. falcatomelanopus Jakubz. & Filat. (17.5 ± ± 1.0 % and 40.4 ± 1.4 %), autochthonous variety Polba 3 (16.8 ± 0.1 % and 36.9 ± 1.1 %), and line 10–139 (14.8 ± 0.8 % and 29.0 ± 2.4 %). The gluten quality of most lines, derived from crossing spring emmer with durum wheat, corresponds to quality group I (good), and the gluten deformation index (GDI) is 50–75 units. T. timopheevii and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus were noticeable for vitreousness (99 ± 1 % and 75 ± 5 %, respec- tively). The grain hardness of the accessions under investigation varied from 151 ± 15 N in variety Romanivska to 286 ± ± 3 N in T. timopheevii. Lines 10–79 (255 ± 6 N), 10–65 (220 ± 10 N) and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus (268 ± 6 N) were characterized by high hardness, which exceeded that of durum wheat variety Spadshchyna (152 ± ± 13 N). High outputs of groats were intrinsic to line 10–139 (96.2 ± 0.8 %), line 10–79 (90.6 ± 0.8 %), T. timopheevii (92.0 ± 0.1 %), and durum wheat Spadshchyna (91.4 ± 0.5 %). All the studied accessions showed low variability (

scholarly journals Starting material for breeding spring emmer (Triticum dicoccum shrank.) of groats use

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
L. Vecherska ◽  
V. Liubych ◽  
L. Relina ◽  
O. Golik ◽  
V. Suchkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Group I ◽  
Kjeldahl Digestion ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Aim. To explore sources of high groats properties among the genetic diversity of emmer and related species. Methods. Biochemical: The protein content was determined by Kjeldahl digestion; the starch content – by infrared spectroscopy. Technological: the vitreousness was determined by cutting 100 caryopses and expressed as percent- ages. The hull content, expressed in percent, was estimated as the ratio of hulled caryopses to the total of fully threshed ones. The gluten content and quality were assessed by manual washing-out. The hardness was determined on a YPD-300 hardness tester (Ltpm China) as the force in newtons required for caryopsis destruction. Emmer groats were obtained on a laboratory peeler UShZ-1. The groats properties were evaluated according to the method described in a utility model patent No. 129205. Statistical: the significance of differences between accessions was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test for small samples with unknown distribution. Two-factor analysis of vari- ance considered 2 factors – genotype and year conditions. Pearson’s test was used in the correlation analysis. The variability of traits was assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV). Results. The yields of emmer and durum wheat accessions and varieties as well as lines derived from emmer-wheat hybrids were measured and analyzed in 2016–2019. The yields of most emmer accessions (except for T. timopheevii) were similar to that of the check em- mer variety Holikovska (286 ± 15 g/m2). The highest contents of protein and gluten were found in T. timopheevii (18.1 ± 0.4 % and 40.5 ± 1.8 %, respectively), Triticum durum Desf. var. falcatomelanopus Jakubz. & Filat. (17.5 ± ± 1.0 % and 40.4 ± 1.4 %), autochthonous variety Polba 3 (16.8 ± 0.1 % and 36.9 ± 1.1 %), and line 10–139 (14.8 ± 0.8 % and 29.0 ± 2.4 %). The gluten quality of most lines, derived from crossing spring emmer with durum wheat, corresponds to quality group I (good), and the gluten deformation index (GDI) is 50–75 units. T. timopheevii and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus were noticeable for vitreousness (99 ± 1 % and 75 ± 5 %, respec- tively). The grain hardness of the accessions under investigation varied from 151 ± 15 N in variety Romanivska to 286 ± ± 3 N in T. timopheevii. Lines 10–79 (255 ± 6 N), 10–65 (220 ± 10 N) and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus (268 ± 6 N) were characterized by high hardness, which exceeded that of durum wheat variety Spadshchyna (152 ± ± 13 N). High outputs of groats were intrinsic to line 10–139 (96.2 ± 0.8 %), line 10–79 (90.6 ± 0.8 %), T. timopheevii (92.0 ± 0.1 %), and durum wheat Spadshchyna (91.4 ± 0.5 %). All the studied accessions showed low variability (

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY OF LACTOBACILLI ISOLATED FROM HUMAN INFANT FECES*

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MAGALI SOARES DOS SANTOS POZZA ◽  
LÚCIA HELENA DA SILVA MIGLIORANZA ◽  
JOSÉ EDUARDO GARCIA ◽  
PAULO CESAR POZZA ◽  
ROBERTA MERGUIZO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Infant Feces

Seventy-five strains isolated from fecal samples of six children were studied for their morphology and biochemical properties. Genetic diversity of 30 strains was analyzed by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The intestinal isolates were grouped into four clusters. Some strains in group I were 100% similar (Lactobacillus reuteri) while high degree of genetic diversity was found in groups II (standard species), III and IV. Eight strains of group I and group III were identified through biochemical identification, as Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus salivarius, and showed low genetic similarity with type strains. The findings in this study provide a strong basis for exploring the potential of these eight selected lactobacilli strains for use in fermented-milk based products. 

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Aggressiveness of Ophiosphaerella korrae, a Cause of Spring Dead Spot of Bermudagrass

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1341-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Iriarte ◽  
H. C. Wetzel ◽  
J. D. Fry ◽  
D. L. Martin ◽  
N. A. Tisserat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Spring Dead Spot ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ophiosphaerella Korrae

The distribution of three Ophiosphaerella spp. that cause spring dead spot (SDS) of bermudagrass was studied by sampling at 24 locations in the southeastern United States. O. korrae was isolated from 73% of the 204 bermudagrass cores collected and was the only SDS pathogen recovered at most sites. O. herpotricha was isolated at three locations in Kentucky and one in North Carolina, and O. narmari was found at two locations in North Carolina. Most O. korrae isolates collected from Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia clustered in an amplified fragment length polymorphism group (AFLP group II) that was distinct from Kentucky bluegrass isolates collected throughout North America and similar to bermudagrass isolates from Kansas and Oklahoma (AFLP group I). A third AFLP group (III) consisting of bermudagrass isolates from Mississippi and Virginia was identified. Isolates representing AFLP groups II and III grew more rapidly on potato dextrose agar at 25 and 30°C than those in group I. O. korrae isolates differed in their aggressiveness to two bermudagrass cultivars in greenhouse studies, but these differences were not associated with AFLP group, location, or host from which the isolate was collected.

Ultrastructural Lesions Produced by Alcohol and Sucrose in the Heart and Liver of C57BL Mice

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
K.K. SEKHRI ◽  
C.S. ALEXANDER ◽  
H.T. NAGASAWA
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Group Ii

C57BL male mice (Jackson Lab., Bar Harbor, Maine) weighing about 18 gms were randomly divided into three groups: group I was fed sweetened liquid alcohol diet (modified Schenkl) in which 36% of the calories were derived from alcohol; group II was maintained on a similar diet but alcohol was isocalorically substituted by sucrose; group III was fed regular mouse chow ad lib for five months. Liver and heart tissues were fixed in 2.5% cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon-araldite.

The Quantitative Ultrastructure of the Heart Muscle of Japanese Quail by Hypergravitation, Hypodynamy and Combination

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Anton Bózner ◽  
Mikuláš Gažo ◽  
Jozef Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Ultrastructure

It is anticipated that Japanese quail /Coturnix coturnix japonica/ will provide animal proteins in long term space flights. Consequently this species of birds is of research interest of international space program INTERCOSMOS. In the year 1987 we reported on an experiment /2/ in which the effect of chronic acceleration of 2 G hypergravitation, the hypodynamy and the simultaneous effect of chronic acceleration and the location in the centre of the turntable of the centrifuge on the protein fractions in skeletal muscles was studied. The ultrastructure of the heart muscle was now in this experiments examined as well.Japanese quail cockerels, aged 48 days were exposed to 2 G hypergravitation /group IV/ in a 6,4 m diameter centrifuge, to hypodynamy /group III/ and their combination /group V/, respectively for 6 days / Fig.1/. The hypodynamy in group III was achieved by suspending the birds in jackets without contact the floor. The group II was located in the centre ofthe turntable of the centrifuge. The control group I. was kept under normal conditions. The quantitative ultrastructure of myocard was evaluated by the methods of Weibel/3/ - this enables to determine the number, relative size and volume of mitochondria volume of single mitochondria, defficiency of mitochondrial cristae and volume of myofibrils.

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